Roaming Tariff Global Market Report 2024

Description

Roaming tariff refers to the fees that mobile network operators charge when users make calls, send texts, or use data while traveling outside their home network's coverage area. These charges cover the costs of accessing foreign networks. Roaming tariffs can vary widely between operators and regions, affecting the overall cost of international mobile usage for both consumers and businesses.

The main types of roaming tariffs are regional, national, international, and others. Regional roaming tariffs apply when using your mobile phone outside your home area but within a specific region. The services covered include voice, short message service (SMS), and data. Distribution channels for roaming services include retail roaming and wholesale roaming.

The roaming tariff market research report is one of a series of new reports from The Business Research Company that provides roaming tariff market statistics, including roaming tariff industry global market size, regional shares, competitors with a roaming tariff market share, detailed roaming tariff market segments, market trends and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the roaming tariff industry. This roaming tariff market research report delivers a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenario of the industry.

The roaming tariff market size has grown strongly in recent years. It will grow from $66.93 billion in 2023 to $71.58 billion in 2024 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7%. The growth during the historic period can be attributed to globalization, technological advancements, regulatory changes, increasing consumer demand, heightened market competition, economic growth, and strategic partnerships and alliances.

The roaming tariff market size is expected to see strong growth in the next few years. It will grow to $94.15 billion in 2028 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.1%. The growth anticipated in the forecast period can be attributed to the deployment of 5G technology, the expansion of IoT, data privacy regulations, emerging markets, environmental sustainability, digital transformation, and the impact of COVID-19. Major trends expected during this period include 5G roaming services, IoT roaming solutions, personalized tariff plans, virtual SIM technology, blockchain integration, AI-driven customer support, and flexible data plans.

The growth in international travel is anticipated to boost the roaming tariff market in the future. International travel involves crossing borders between countries. Improvements in transportation technology, such as more efficient and faster airplanes, have made traveling more accessible and convenient. Additionally, the global economic growth and increased disposable incomes have enabled more individuals to afford international trips. Roaming tariff management solutions assist mobile operators in managing costs and ensuring seamless communication for travelers by simplifying and streamlining international connectivity. For example, according to the International Trade Administration (ITA) in May 2023, international visitor arrivals to the US reached 5.36 million, a 26% increase from May 2022. Similarly, US citizen outbound travel departures totaled 8.44 million in May 2023, reflecting a 24% increase from May 2022. Consequently, the expanding scope of international travel is driving the growth of the roaming tariff market.

Key players in the roaming tariff market are introducing cost-effective services, such as plug-and-play solutions, to improve connectivity and lower travel costs. A plug-and-play solution for roaming allows users to easily access and use mobile network services abroad without complex setup or configuration. For instance, in April 2024, Etisalat, a telecom group based in the United Arab Emirates, launched Roaming-as-a-Service (RaaS) as part of its managed services portfolio. This solution addresses the challenges faced by mobile network operators (MNOs) with managed roaming services by providing third-party network providers with direct access to enhance their roaming capabilities. RaaS includes a comprehensive managed roaming service with analytical reporting tools, helping operators streamline operations and secure better rates.

In July 2022, JT (IoT) Ltd., a global connectivity and business solutions provider based in the US, acquired Top Connect for an undisclosed amount. This acquisition aims to expand JT IoT's global IoT ecosystem, penetrate new markets, diversify service offerings, and strengthen connectivity capabilities. By leveraging Top Connect's proprietary infrastructure, supplier agreements, and extensive customer base, JT IoT seeks to drive innovation, enhance client services, and foster growth in the IoT connectivity sector. Top Connect is an Estonian-based provider of alternative roaming services.

Major companies operating in the roaming tariff market are China Mobile Ltd., Verizon Communications Inc., AT&T Inc., Deutsche Telekom AG, T-Mobile US Inc., SoftBank Group Corp., Vodafone Group plc, Orange Group, Telefonica SA, NTT Docomo Inc., BT Group plc, TIM S.p.A., Telecom Italia S.p.A., Telstra Corporation Limited, Telus Corporation, SK Telecom Co. Ltd., MTN Group, Rogers Communications Inc., Swisscom AG, Singtel, KPN N.V., Airtel Africa, Turkcell, Telekom Malaysia Berhad, Hutchison Telecommunications (Hong Kong) Limited

Europe was the largest region in the roaming tariff market in 2023. Asia-Pacific is expected to be the fastest-growing region in the forecast period. The regions covered in the roaming tariff market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, Africa.

The countries covered in the roaming tariff market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA, Canada, Italy, Spain.

The roaming tariff market includes revenues earned by entities through services such as multimedia messaging systems, mobile internet access, international calling apps, and mobile wallet transactions. The market value includes the value of related goods sold by the service provider or included within the service offering. Only goods and services traded between entities or sold to end consumers are included.

The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD, unless otherwise specified).

The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values that are revenues generated by organizations in the specified geography within the market, irrespective of where they are produced. It does not include revenues from resales along the supply chain, either further along the supply chain or as part of other products.

Roaming Tariff Global Market Report 2024 from The Business Research Company provides strategists, marketers and senior management with the critical information they need to assess the market.

This report focuses on roaming tariff market which is experiencing strong growth. The report gives a guide to the trends which will be shaping the market over the next ten years and beyond.

Reasons to Purchase

Gain a truly global perspective with the most comprehensive report available on this market covering 50+ geographies.
Understand how the market has been affected by the COVID-19 and how it is responding as the impact of the virus abates.
Assess the Russia - Ukraine war's impact on agriculture, energy and mineral commodity supply and its direct and indirect impact on the market.
Measure the impact of high global inflation on market growth.
Create regional and country strategies on the basis of local data and analysis.
Identify growth segments for investment.
Outperform competitors using forecast data and the drivers and trends shaping the market.
Understand customers based on the latest market shares.
Benchmark performance against key competitors.
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Report will be updated with the latest data and delivered to you within 3-5 working days of order along with an Excel data sheet for easy data extraction and analysis.
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Where is the largest and fastest growing market for roaming tariff ? How does the market relate to the overall economy, demography and other similar markets? What forces will shape the market going forward? The roaming tariff market global report from the Business Research Company answers all these questions and many more.

The report covers market characteristics, size and growth, segmentation, regional and country breakdowns, competitive landscape, market shares, trends and strategies for this market. It traces the market's historic and forecast market growth by geography.

The market characteristics section of the report defines and explains the market.
The market size section gives the market size ($b) covering both the historic growth of the market, and forecasting its development.
The forecasts are made after considering the major factors currently impacting the market. These include:

The impact of sanctions, supply chain disruptions, and altered demand for goods and services due to the Russian Ukraine war, impacting various macro-economic factors and parameters in the Eastern European region and its subsequent effect on global markets.

The impact of higher inflation in many countries and the resulting spike in interest rates.

The continued but declining impact of COVID-19 on supply chains and consumption patterns.

Market segmentations break down the market into sub markets.
The regional and country breakdowns section gives an analysis of the market in each geography and the size of the market by geography and compares their historic and forecast growth. It covers the growth trajectory of COVID-19 for all regions, key developed countries and major emerging markets.
The competitive landscape chapter gives a description of the competitive nature of the market, market shares, and a description of the leading companies. Key financial deals which have shaped the market in recent years are identified.
The trends and strategies section analyses the shape of the market as it emerges from the crisis and suggests how companies can grow as the market recovers.

Scope

Markets Covered:1) By Type: Regional; National; International; Other Types
2) By Service: Voice; Short Message Service (SMS); Data
3) By Distribution Channel: Retail Roaming; Wholesale Roaming
Companies Mentioned: China Mobile Ltd.; Verizon Communications Inc.; AT&T Inc.; Deutsche Telekom AG; T-Mobile US Inc.
Countries: Australia; Brazil; China; France; Germany; India; Indonesia; Japan; Russia; South Korea; UK; USA; Canada; Italy; Spain
Regions: Asia-Pacific; Western Europe; Eastern Europe; North America; South America; Middle East; Africa
Time series: Five years historic and ten years forecast.
Data: Ratios of market size and growth to related markets, GDP proportions, expenditure per capita,
Data segmentations: country and regional historic and forecast data, market share of competitors, market segments.
Sourcing and Referencing: Data and analysis throughout the report is sourced using end notes.
Delivery format: PDF, Word and Excel Data Dashboard.

Product Code: r19769

1. Executive Summary

2. Roaming Tariff Market Characteristics

3. Roaming Tariff Market Trends And Strategies

4. Roaming Tariff Market - Macro Economic Scenario

4.1. Impact Of High Inflation On The Market
4.2. Ukraine-Russia War Impact On The Market
4.3. COVID-19 Impact On The Market

5. Global Roaming Tariff Market Size and Growth

5.1. Global Roaming Tariff Market Drivers and Restraints
- 5.1.1. Drivers Of The Market
- 5.1.2. Restraints Of The Market
5.2. Global Roaming Tariff Historic Market Size and Growth, 2018 - 2023, Value ($ Billion)
5.3. Global Roaming Tariff Forecast Market Size and Growth, 2023 - 2028, 2033F, Value ($ Billion)

6. Roaming Tariff Market Segmentation

6.1. Global Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
Regional
National
International
Other Types
6.2. Global Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Service, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
Voice
Short Message Service (SMS)
Data
6.3. Global Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
Retail Roaming
Wholesale Roaming

7. Roaming Tariff Market Regional And Country Analysis

7.1. Global Roaming Tariff Market, Split By Region, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
7.2. Global Roaming Tariff Market, Split By Country, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

8. Asia-Pacific Roaming Tariff Market

8.1. Asia-Pacific Roaming Tariff Market Overview
Region Information, Impact Of COVID-19, Market Information, Background Information, Government Initiatives, Regulations, Regulatory Bodies, Major Associations, Taxes Levied, Corporate Tax Structure, Investments, Major Companies
8.2. Asia-Pacific Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
8.3. Asia-Pacific Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Service, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
8.4. Asia-Pacific Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

9. China Roaming Tariff Market

9.1. China Roaming Tariff Market Overview
9.2. China Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion
9.3. China Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Service, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion
9.4. China Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion

10. India Roaming Tariff Market

10.1. India Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
10.2. India Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Service, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
10.3. India Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

11. Japan Roaming Tariff Market

11.1. Japan Roaming Tariff Market Overview
11.2. Japan Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
11.3. Japan Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Service, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
11.4. Japan Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

12. Australia Roaming Tariff Market

12.1. Australia Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
12.2. Australia Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Service, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
12.3. Australia Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

13. Indonesia Roaming Tariff Market

13.1. Indonesia Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
13.2. Indonesia Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Service, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
13.3. Indonesia Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

14. South Korea Roaming Tariff Market

14.1. South Korea Roaming Tariff Market Overview
14.2. South Korea Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
14.3. South Korea Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Service, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
14.4. South Korea Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

15. Western Europe Roaming Tariff Market

15.1. Western Europe Roaming Tariff Market Overview
15.2. Western Europe Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
15.3. Western Europe Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Service, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
15.4. Western Europe Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

16. UK Roaming Tariff Market

16.1. UK Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
16.2. UK Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Service, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
16.3. UK Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

17. Germany Roaming Tariff Market

17.1. Germany Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
17.2. Germany Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Service, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
17.3. Germany Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

18. France Roaming Tariff Market

18.1. France Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
18.2. France Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Service, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
18.3. France Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

19. Italy Roaming Tariff Market

19.1. Italy Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
19.2. Italy Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Service, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
19.3. Italy Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

20. Spain Roaming Tariff Market

20.1. Spain Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
20.2. Spain Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Service, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
20.3. Spain Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

21. Eastern Europe Roaming Tariff Market

21.1. Eastern Europe Roaming Tariff Market Overview
21.2. Eastern Europe Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
21.3. Eastern Europe Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Service, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
21.4. Eastern Europe Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

22. Russia Roaming Tariff Market

22.1. Russia Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
22.2. Russia Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Service, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
22.3. Russia Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

23. North America Roaming Tariff Market

23.1. North America Roaming Tariff Market Overview
23.2. North America Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
23.3. North America Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Service, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
23.4. North America Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

24. USA Roaming Tariff Market

24.1. USA Roaming Tariff Market Overview
24.2. USA Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
24.3. USA Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Service, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
24.4. USA Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

25. Canada Roaming Tariff Market

25.1. Canada Roaming Tariff Market Overview
25.2. Canada Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
25.3. Canada Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Service, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
25.4. Canada Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

26. South America Roaming Tariff Market

26.1. South America Roaming Tariff Market Overview
26.2. South America Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
26.3. South America Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Service, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
26.4. South America Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

27. Brazil Roaming Tariff Market

27.1. Brazil Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
27.2. Brazil Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Service, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
27.3. Brazil Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

28. Middle East Roaming Tariff Market

28.1. Middle East Roaming Tariff Market Overview
28.2. Middle East Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
28.3. Middle East Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Service, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
28.4. Middle East Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

29. Africa Roaming Tariff Market

29.1. Africa Roaming Tariff Market Overview
29.2. Africa Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
29.3. Africa Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Service, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
29.4. Africa Roaming Tariff Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

30. Roaming Tariff Market Competitive Landscape And Company Profiles

30.1. Roaming Tariff Market Competitive Landscape
30.2. Roaming Tariff Market Company Profiles
- 30.2.1. China Mobile Ltd.
  - 30.2.1.1. Overview
  - 30.2.1.2. Products and Services
  - 30.2.1.3. Strategy
  - 30.2.1.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.2. Verizon Communications Inc.
  - 30.2.2.1. Overview
  - 30.2.2.2. Products and Services
  - 30.2.2.3. Strategy
  - 30.2.2.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.3. AT&T Inc.
  - 30.2.3.1. Overview
  - 30.2.3.2. Products and Services
  - 30.2.3.3. Strategy
  - 30.2.3.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.4. Deutsche Telekom AG
  - 30.2.4.1. Overview
  - 30.2.4.2. Products and Services
  - 30.2.4.3. Strategy
  - 30.2.4.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.5. T-Mobile US Inc.
  - 30.2.5.1. Overview
  - 30.2.5.2. Products and Services
  - 30.2.5.3. Strategy
  - 30.2.5.4. Financial Performance

31. Roaming Tariff Market Other Major And Innovative Companies

31.1. SoftBank Group Corp.
31.2. Vodafone Group plc
31.3. Orange Group
31.4. Telefonica SA
31.5. NTT Docomo Inc.
31.6. BT Group plc
31.7. TIM S.p.A.
31.8. Telecom Italia S.p.A.
31.9. Telstra Corporation Limited
31.10. Telus Corporation
31.11. SK Telecom Co. Ltd.
31.12. MTN Group
31.13. Rogers Communications Inc.
31.14. Swisscom AG
31.15. Singtel

32. Global Roaming Tariff Market Competitive Benchmarking

33. Global Roaming Tariff Market Competitive Dashboard

34. Key Mergers And Acquisitions In The Roaming Tariff Market

35. Roaming Tariff Market Future Outlook and Potential Analysis

35.1 Roaming Tariff Market In 2028 - Countries Offering Most New Opportunities
35.2 Roaming Tariff Market In 2028 - Segments Offering Most New Opportunities
35.3 Roaming Tariff Market In 2028 - Growth Strategies
- 35.3.1 Market Trend Based Strategies
- 35.3.2 Competitor Strategies

36. Appendix

36.1. Abbreviations
36.2. Currencies
36.3. Historic And Forecast Inflation Rates
36.4. Research Inquiries
36.5. The Business Research Company
36.6. Copyright And Disclaimer