Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market - Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast 2031

Description

The global market for large bore vacuum insulated pipes is set to experience significant growth, driven by their application in transporting liquid supercooled gases.The large bore vacuum insulated pipe market, valued at USD 20.07 million in 2024, is projected to reach USD 34.24 million by 2031, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.90% during the forecast period. These pipes, similar to vacuum jacketed piping (VJ piping or vacuum-insulated pipes), are designed for the efficient transfer of cryogenic liquids such as oxygen, nitrogen, and helium, all of which require extremely low temperatures for transport. The construction of these pipes is geared towards minimizing heat loss, ensuring that the transported liquids maintain their cryogenic state without gasification or leakage.

Structure and Design of Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipes

Large bore vacuum insulated pipes consist of an inner and outer stainless-steel pipe. The inner pipe carries the cryogenic liquid, while the space between the pipes is filled with layers of super insulation. This insulation alternates between heat barriers and non-conductive spacers, creating an effective thermal barrier. A vacuum pump removes the air from the gap between the pipes, creating a static vacuum that prevents heat transfer through conduction, convection, or radiation. A grabber material is also incorporated into the design to capture any out-gassed molecules, maintaining the integrity of the vacuum.

Each installation of large bore vacuum insulated pipes is custom-designed for specific requirements. The pipes are delivered in vacuum-sealed sections, which are then joined using cryogenic bayonets. These bayonets ensure an efficient and continuous piping system, simplifying installation and enhancing the system's overall reliability

Key Drivers of Market Growth

The primary driver of the large bore vacuum insulated pipe market is the increasing demand for liquefied natural gas (LNG). The global LNG industry has expanded significantly in recent years, particularly in regions where clean energy policies are being implemented. The rise in LNG demand has created a corresponding need for efficient cryogenic transportation solutions, with large bore vacuum insulated pipes providing the reliability and efficiency required for safe LNG transfer.

Government regulations aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions are also supporting the growth of this market. As countries implement policies promoting the use of clean fuels, the need for vacuum insulated piping systems for transportation of these fuels becomes more critical. Additionally, advancements in clean fuel technologies, such as the adoption of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in the oil and gas industry, are increasing the demand for vacuum insulated pipes.

Key Applications and Industry Usage

Large bore vacuum insulated pipes are used across a range of industries, from oil and gas to aerospace and food processing. In the aerospace sector, these pipes are installed on launch pads to deliver liquid hydrogen and oxygen at high flow rates, fueling various space missions. In the food and beverage industry, large bore vacuum insulated pipes help deliver liquid nitrogen, ensuring that equipment operates at full efficiency for maximum production output.

The cryogenic industry remains one of the fastest-growing sectors for vacuum insulated pipes. These pipes are essential for the efficient transportation of cryogenic liquids like helium, hydrogen, and nitrogen, which are crucial in numerous industries. The growing demand for cryogenic liquids, coupled with technological advancements in vacuum insulation, is expected to drive the adoption of large bore vacuum insulated pipes across the industrial Analysis.

Challenges Facing the Market

Despite the promising growth outlook, there are several challenges facing the large bore vacuum insulated pipe market. One of the most significant hurdles is the high initial cost of these systems. For many new businesses, the upfront investment required for large bore vacuum insulated pipes may be prohibitive. However, manufacturers are working on developing more cost-effective solutions, while also focusing on improving the durability and performance of these pipes. By addressing these concerns, manufacturers aim to create long-lasting, UV-resistant products that offer better value to customers over time.

Market Segmentation by Installation Type

In terms of installation, the market for large bore vacuum insulated pipes can be segmented into above-ground, underground, and undersea installations. Above-ground installations are expected to dominate the market due to the rising number of integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plants. These plants produce both electricity and syngas, and their growing use is driving demand for vacuum insulated piping systems. IGCC technology also offers environmental benefits by reducing carbon emissions, mercury, and sulfur dioxide when paired with carbon capture and storage (CCS) systems.

Cryogenic Applications Lead the Market

Cryogenic applications are expected to remain the largest and fastest-growing segment of the market. The demand for cryogenic liquids such as LNG, helium, and hydrogen has increased in recent years, particularly as industries seek cleaner and more efficient energy solutions. The expansion of cryogenic infrastructure, including the transportation and storage of cryogenic liquids, is driving demand for vacuum insulated piping systems. This trend is likely to continue, with more businesses turning to cryogenic solutions to meet their energy and industrial needs.

Regional Insights: Europe and North America

The European market for large bore vacuum insulated pipes is expected to experience substantial growth, driven by the region's stringent energy security regulations and expanding LNG trade. Europe's growing demand for natural gas, coupled with diversification of energy supplies through projects like the Southern Gas Corridor, is fueling the need for reliable cryogenic transport systems. Additionally, government initiatives to support the aerospace industry are expected to further increase demand for vacuum insulated piping in Europe.

In North America, the market for large bore vacuum insulated pipes is also poised for steady growth. The region's emphasis on technological innovation, along with rising disposable incomes and increased investments in research and development, is driving the adoption of vacuum insulated pipes across various industries. The shift towards eco-friendly solutions and the replacement of conventional piping systems with more efficient alternatives are key factors contributing to market expansion in North America.

Emerging Start-ups in the Market

Several start-ups have emerged in the large bore vacuum insulated pipe market, offering innovative solutions for cryogenic and industrial applications. One such company is CRYOPACIFIC, INC., which provides design, integration, and installation services for cryogenic systems, including vacuum jacketed pipes, auto-vents, and bulk storage tanks. Another notable start-up is Eden Cryogenics LLC, which offers custom engineering solutions for vacuum insulated piping systems designed to meet industry standards and ensure minimal leakage.

Competitive Analysis

The market for large bore vacuum insulated pipes is highly competitive, with several key players vying for market share. Leading companies in the industry include Ability Engineering Technology, Inc., CRYOSPAIN, INTECH GmbH, Demaco, Schwanner GmbH, Empower, Cryogas Equipment Pvt. Ltd., PERMA-PIPE International Holdings, Inc., Cryoworld, Maxcon Industries Pty. Ltd., and TMK. These companies are investing in research and development, product innovation, and strategic partnerships to strengthen their positions in the market.

Some key companies are:

Ability Engineering Technology Inc.
CRYOSPAIN
INTECH GmbH
Demaco
Schwanner GmbH
Empower
Cryogas Equipment Pvt. Ltd.
PERMA-PIPE International Holdings, Inc.
Cryoworld
Maxcon Industries Pty. Ltd.
TMK

Key Segments Covered in the Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market Report

Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe By Installation Type

Above Ground
Underground
Under Sea

Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Application

Cryogenic
Aerospace
Chemical
Others

Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market By Region

North America
Europe
Asia Pacific (APAC)
Latin America
Middle East & Africa (MEA)

1. Executive Summary

1.1. Global Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market Snapshot
1.2. Future Projections
1.3. Key Market Trends
1.4. Regional Snapshot, by Value and Volume, 2024
1.5. Analyst Recommendations

2. Market Overview

2.1. Market Definitions and Segmentations
2.2. Market Dynamics
- 2.2.1. Drivers
- 2.2.2. Restraints
- 2.2.3. Market Opportunities
2.3. Value Chain Analysis
2.4. Porter's Five Forces Analysis
2.5. COVID-19 Impact Analysis
- 2.5.1. Supply
- 2.5.2. Demand
2.6. Impact of Ukraine-Russia Conflict
2.7. Economic Overview
- 2.7.1. World Economic Projections
2.8. PESTLE Analysis

3. Production Output and Trade Statistics, 2019 - 2023

3.1. Global Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Production Output, by Region, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2023
- 3.1.1. North America
- 3.1.2. Europe
- 3.1.3. Asia Pacific
- 3.1.4. Latin America
- 3.1.5. Middle East and Africa

4. Price Analysis, 2019 - 2023

4.1. Global Average Price Analysis, by Installation Type, US$ Per Unit, 2019 - 2023
4.2. Prominent Factor Affecting Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Prices
4.3. Global Average Price Analysis, by Region, US$ Per Unit

5. Global Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market Outlook, 2019 - 2031

5.1. Global Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market Outlook, by Installation Type, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
- 5.1.1. Key Highlights
  - 5.1.1.1. Above Ground
  - 5.1.1.2. Underground
  - 5.1.1.3. Under Sea
5.2. Global Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market Outlook, by Application, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
- 5.2.1. Key Highlights
  - 5.2.1.1. Cryogenic
  - 5.2.1.2. Aerospace
  - 5.2.1.3. Chemical
  - 5.2.1.4. Others
5.3. Global Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market Outlook, by Region, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
- 5.3.1. Key Highlights
  - 5.3.1.1. North America
  - 5.3.1.2. Europe
  - 5.3.1.3. Asia Pacific
  - 5.3.1.4. Latin America
  - 5.3.1.5. Middle East & Africa

6. North America Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market Outlook, 2019 - 2031

6.1. North America Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market Outlook, by Installation Type, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
- 6.1.1. Key Highlights
  - 6.1.1.1. Above Ground
  - 6.1.1.2. Underground
  - 6.1.1.3. Under Sea
6.2. North America Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market Outlook, by Application, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
- 6.2.1. Key Highlights
  - 6.2.1.1. Cryogenic
  - 6.2.1.2. Aerospace
  - 6.2.1.3. Chemical
  - 6.2.1.4. Others
- 6.2.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis
6.3. North America Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market Outlook, by Country, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
- 6.3.1. Key Highlights
  - 6.3.1.1. U.S. Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Installation Type, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 6.3.1.2. U.S. Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 6.3.1.3. Canada Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Installation Type, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 6.3.1.4. Canada Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
- 6.3.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis

7. Europe Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market Outlook, 2019 - 2031

7.1. Europe Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market Outlook, by Installation Type, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
- 7.1.1. Key Highlights
  - 7.1.1.1. Above Ground
  - 7.1.1.2. Underground
  - 7.1.1.3. Under Sea
7.2. Europe Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market Outlook, by Application, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
- 7.2.1. Key Highlights
  - 7.2.1.1. Cryogenic
  - 7.2.1.2. Aerospace
  - 7.2.1.3. Chemical
  - 7.2.1.4. Others
- 7.2.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis
7.3. Europe Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market Outlook, by Country, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
- 7.3.1. Key Highlights
  - 7.3.1.1. Germany Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Installation Type, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 7.3.1.2. Germany Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 7.3.1.3. U.K. Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Installation Type, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 7.3.1.4. U.K. Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 7.3.1.5. France Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Installation Type, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 7.3.1.6. France Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 7.3.1.7. Italy Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Installation Type, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 7.3.1.8. Italy Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 7.3.1.9. Turkey Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Installation Type, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 7.3.1.10. Turkey Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 7.3.1.11. Russia Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Installation Type, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 7.3.1.12. Russia Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 7.3.1.13. Rest of Europe Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Installation Type, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 7.3.1.14. Rest of Europe Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
- 7.3.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis

8. Asia Pacific Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market Outlook, 2019 - 2031

8.1. Asia Pacific Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market Outlook, by Installation Type, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
- 8.1.1. Key Highlights
  - 8.1.1.1. Above Ground
  - 8.1.1.2. Underground
  - 8.1.1.3. Under Sea
8.2. Asia Pacific Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market Outlook, by Application, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
- 8.2.1. Key Highlights
  - 8.2.1.1. Cryogenic
  - 8.2.1.2. Aerospace
  - 8.2.1.3. Chemical
  - 8.2.1.4. Others
- 8.2.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis
8.3. Asia Pacific Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market Outlook, by Country, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
- 8.3.1. Key Highlights
  - 8.3.1.1. China Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Installation Type, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 8.3.1.2. China Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 8.3.1.3. Japan Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Installation Type, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 8.3.1.4. Japan Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 8.3.1.5. South Korea Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Installation Type, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 8.3.1.6. South Korea Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 8.3.1.7. India Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Installation Type, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 8.3.1.8. India Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 8.3.1.9. Southeast Asia Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Installation Type, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 8.3.1.10. Southeast Asia Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 8.3.1.11. Rest of Asia Pacific Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Installation Type, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 8.3.1.12. Rest of Asia Pacific Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
- 8.3.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis

9. Latin America Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market Outlook, 2019 - 2031

9.1. Latin America Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market Outlook, by Installation Type, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
- 9.1.1. Key Highlights
  - 9.1.1.1. Above Ground
  - 9.1.1.2. Underground
  - 9.1.1.3. Under Sea
9.2. Latin America Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market Outlook, by Application, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
- 9.2.1. Key Highlights
  - 9.2.1.1. Cryogenic
  - 9.2.1.2. Aerospace
  - 9.2.1.3. Chemical
  - 9.2.1.4. Others
- 9.2.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis
9.3. Latin America Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market Outlook, by Country, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
- 9.3.1. Key Highlights
  - 9.3.1.1. Brazil Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Installation Type, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 9.3.1.2. Brazil Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 9.3.1.3. Mexico Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Installation Type, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 9.3.1.4. Mexico Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 9.3.1.5. Argentina Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Installation Type, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 9.3.1.6. Argentina Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 9.3.1.7. Rest of Latin America Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Installation Type, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 9.3.1.8. Rest of Latin America Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
- 9.3.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis

10. Middle East & Africa Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market Outlook, 2019 - 2031

10.1. Middle East & Africa Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market Outlook, by Installation Type, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
- 10.1.1. Key Highlights
  - 10.1.1.1. Above Ground
  - 10.1.1.2. Underground
  - 10.1.1.3. Under Sea
10.2. Middle East & Africa Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market Outlook, by Application, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
- 10.2.1. Key Highlights
  - 10.2.1.1. Cryogenic
  - 10.2.1.2. Aerospace
  - 10.2.1.3. Chemical
  - 10.2.1.4. Others
- 10.2.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis
10.3. Middle East & Africa Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market Outlook, by Country, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
- 10.3.1. Key Highlights
  - 10.3.1.1. GCC Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Installation Type, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 10.3.1.2. GCC Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 10.3.1.3. South Africa Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Installation Type, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 10.3.1.4. South Africa Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 10.3.1.5. Egypt Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Installation Type, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 10.3.1.6. Egypt Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 10.3.1.7. Nigeria Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Installation Type, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 10.3.1.8. Nigeria Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 10.3.1.9. Rest of Middle East & Africa Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Installation Type, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
  - 10.3.1.10. Rest of Middle East & Africa Large Bore Vacuum Insulated Pipe Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Km), 2019 - 2031
- 10.3.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis

11. Competitive Landscape

11.1. Company Market Share Analysis, 2024
11.2. Competitive Dashboard
11.3. Company Profiles
- 11.3.1. Ability Engineering Technology Inc.
  - 11.3.1.1. Company Overview
  - 11.3.1.2. Product Portfolio
  - 11.3.1.3. Financial Overview
  - 11.3.1.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 11.3.2. CRYOSPAIN
  - 11.3.2.1. Company Overview
  - 11.3.2.2. Product Portfolio
  - 11.3.2.3. Financial Overview
  - 11.3.2.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 11.3.3. INTECH GmbH
  - 11.3.3.1. Company Overview
  - 11.3.3.2. Product Portfolio
  - 11.3.3.3. Financial Overview
  - 11.3.3.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 11.3.4. Demaco
  - 11.3.4.1. Company Overview
  - 11.3.4.2. Product Portfolio
  - 11.3.4.3. Financial Overview
  - 11.3.4.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 11.3.5. Schwanner GmbH
  - 11.3.5.1. Company Overview
  - 11.3.5.2. Product Portfolio
  - 11.3.5.3. Financial Overview
  - 11.3.5.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 11.3.6. Empower
  - 11.3.6.1. Company Overview
  - 11.3.6.2. Product Portfolio
  - 11.3.6.3. Financial Overview
  - 11.3.6.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 11.3.7. Cryogas Equipment Pvt. Ltd.
  - 11.3.7.1. Company Overview
  - 11.3.7.2. Product Portfolio
  - 11.3.7.3. Financial Overview
  - 11.3.7.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 11.3.8. PERMA-PIPE International Holdings, Inc.
  - 11.3.8.1. Company Overview
  - 11.3.8.2. Product Portfolio
  - 11.3.8.3. Financial Overview
  - 11.3.8.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 11.3.9. Cryoworld
  - 11.3.9.1. Company Overview
  - 11.3.9.2. Product Portfolio
  - 11.3.9.3. Financial Overview
  - 11.3.9.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 11.3.10. Maxcon Industries Pty. Ltd.
  - 11.3.10.1. Company Overview
  - 11.3.10.2. Product Portfolio
  - 11.3.10.3. Financial Overview
  - 11.3.10.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 11.3.11. TMK
  - 11.3.11.1. Company Overview
  - 11.3.11.2. Product Portfolio
  - 11.3.11.3. Financial Overview
  - 11.3.11.4. Business Strategies and Development

12. Appendix

12.1. Research Methodology
12.2. Report Assumptions
12.3. Acronyms and Abbreviations