District Heating Global Market Report 2025

Description

The system of district heating involves an underground infrastructure that efficiently distributes thermal energy from centralized energy plants to various buildings. This is achieved by circulating the plant's steam or hot water through well-insulated thermal pipe networks, providing a continuous and reliable heat supply to buildings. The adoption of district heating eliminates the need for individual building boilers, promoting efficiency and emission control.

District heating plants can be categorized into boiler, combined heat and power (CHP), and other plant types. Combined heat and power (CHP), also known as cogeneration, involves the simultaneous generation of electricity or mechanical power alongside useful thermal energy (heating and/or cooling) from a single energy source. Various heat sources, including coal, natural gas, renewables, and oil and petroleum products, are utilized in district heating systems. These systems find applications in residential, commercial, and industrial settings.

The district heating market research report is one of a series of new reports from The Business Research Company that provides district heating market statistics, including district heating industry global market size, regional shares, competitors with a district heating market share, detailed district heating market segments, market trends and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the district heating industry. This district heating market research report delivers a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenarios of the industry.

The district heating market size has grown steadily in recent years. It will grow from $183.87 billion in 2024 to $191.2 billion in 2025 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.0%. The growth in the historic period can be attributed to increased focus on energy efficiency and sustainability, urbanization and population density in metropolitan areas, government initiatives for decentralized energy systems, transition to low-carbon and renewable energy sources, rise in consumer demand for reliable and affordable heating solutions.

The district heating market size is expected to see strong growth in the next few years. It will grow to $233.44 billion in 2029 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.1%. The growth in the forecast period can be attributed to integration of heat pumps andThermal storage in district heating, expansion of renewable district heating networks, adoption of waste heat recovery technologies, focus on electrification and integration with smart grids, investment in modernization and rehabilitation of district heating infrastructure. Major trends in the forecast period include integration of low-temperature district heating, smart district heating systems, utilization of industrial waste heat, hybrid district heating systems, expansion of fourth-generation district heating (4gdh), energy storage and thermal energy batteries.

The anticipated rise in industrialization is poised to drive the growth of the district heating market. Industrialization involves the transformation of an economy from primarily agricultural to one centered on manufacturing goods. The development of infrastructure during this industrialization process contributes to the increased adoption of district heating elements. As an illustration, the appliances and consumer electronics (ACE) market in India is projected to reach USD 21.18 billion by 2025, with India potentially becoming a global manufacturing hub, adding over USD 500 billion annually to the global economy by 2030. This surge in industrialization is a key factor propelling the growth of the district heating market.

The increasing demand in the construction industry is expected to drive the growth of the district heating market in the future. The construction sector encompasses organizations involved in the creation, maintenance, and repair of infrastructure. The expanding construction industry utilizes district heating to provide heating for both large and medium-sized buildings. For example, in October 2024, a report published by the Census Bureau indicated that total construction investment rose from $2,131.9 billion in August 2014 to $2,047.4 billion in August 2023. Therefore, the growth of the global construction industry is contributing to the expansion of the district heating market.

Rapid technological development emerges as a notable trend in the district heating market. Key players in the sector are actively involved in developing innovative technologies, with a strong emphasis on sustainability, to meet the evolving demands of end customers and enhance their market positions. For instance, Tractebel Engineering S.A., a Belgium-based provider of engineering services, is working on fourth-generation district heating and cooling technology. This technology leverages low-temperature waste heat and integrates with the electricity network grid. Ongoing development activities include district heating with geothermal heat coupled with a heat pump, as well as district cooling using standard chillers coupled with ice thermal storage. This commitment to technological innovation is expected to shape the landscape of the district heating market.

Major companies in the district heating market are directing their efforts towards the development of innovative solutions, with a focus on technologies like Abatement technology to enhance their market positions. Abatement technology encompasses mechanisms, processes, or methods designed to reduce public exposure to harmful emissions, including radioactive air emissions. For instance, in December 2021, Babcock Wanson Ltd., a UK-based manufacturer of industrial boilers, burners, thermal oxidizers, and air treatment solutions, introduced the GOOD LOOP Concept - NOx Abatement technology. This technology involves the direct injection of recycled exhaust gases into the combustion chamber through a specialized fan, effectively reducing NOx emissions by 20 to 30 mg/Nm3 in two separate gas boilers.

In January 2022, Egeria, an independent Pan-European investment company, completed the acquisition of Isoplus, a UK-based provider of pre-insulated district heating piping systems and district heating systems. The financial and operational support from Egeria is expected to empower Isoplus to expand its business operations across Europe. This strategic acquisition aligns with Egeria's objective to foster growth and development in the district heating market.

Major companies operating in the district heating market include Alfa Laval AB, Danfoss A/S, FVB Energy Inc., Keppel Corporation Limited, LOGSTOR A/S, Veolia Environnement S.A., Engie SA, Fortum Oyj, Vattenfall AB, Ramboll Group A/S, EON SE, Statkraft AS, Cofely GDF Suez, Hafslund Eco AS, Wien Energie GmbH, Steag GmbH, Goteborg Energi AB, RWE AG, Vital Energi Utilities Ltd., Agder Energi AS, Orsted A/S, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Fernwarme, Techem Energy Services GmbH, Helen Ltd., Eidsiva Bioenergi AS

Western Europe was the largest region in the district heating market in 2024. North America is expected to be the fastest-growing region in the district heating market share during the forecast period. The regions covered in the district heating market analysis report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa.

The countries covered in the district heating market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, and USA.

The district heating market consists of revenues earned by entities by providing services such as high-temperature district heating, medium-temperature, low-temperature district heating, and ultra-low-temperature district heating. The market value includes the value of related goods sold by the service provider or included within the service offering. The district heating market also includes sales of HVAC system thermostats, furnace burners, heat exchangers, blowers, and filter racks. Values in this market are 'factory gate' values, that is the value of goods sold by the manufacturers or creators of the goods, whether to other entities (including downstream manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors, and retailers) or directly to end customers. The value of goods in this market includes related services sold by the creators of the goods.

The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD unless otherwise specified).

The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values that are revenues generated by organizations in the specified geography within the market, irrespective of where they are produced. It does not include revenues from resales along the supply chain, either further along the supply chain or as part of other products.

District Heating Global Market Report 2025 from The Business Research Company provides strategists, marketers and senior management with the critical information they need to assess the market.

This report focuses on district heating market which is experiencing strong growth. The report gives a guide to the trends which will be shaping the market over the next ten years and beyond.

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Where is the largest and fastest growing market for district heating ? How does the market relate to the overall economy, demography and other similar markets? What forces will shape the market going forward? The district heating market global report from the Business Research Company answers all these questions and many more.

The report covers market characteristics, size and growth, segmentation, regional and country breakdowns, competitive landscape, market shares, trends and strategies for this market. It traces the market's historic and forecast market growth by geography.

The market characteristics section of the report defines and explains the market.
The market size section gives the market size ($b) covering both the historic growth of the market, and forecasting its development.
The forecasts are made after considering the major factors currently impacting the market. These include:

The forecasts are made after considering the major factors currently impacting the market. These include the Russia-Ukraine war, rising inflation, higher interest rates, and the legacy of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Market segmentations break down the market into sub markets.
The regional and country breakdowns section gives an analysis of the market in each geography and the size of the market by geography and compares their historic and forecast growth. It covers the growth trajectory of COVID-19 for all regions, key developed countries and major emerging markets.
The competitive landscape chapter gives a description of the competitive nature of the market, market shares, and a description of the leading companies. Key financial deals which have shaped the market in recent years are identified.
The trends and strategies section analyses the shape of the market as it emerges from the crisis and suggests how companies can grow as the market recovers.

Scope

Markets Covered:1) By Plant Type: Boiler; Combined Heat and Power (CHP); Others Plant Types
2) By Heat Source: Coal; Natural Gas; Renewables; Oil and Petroleum Products
3) By Application: Residential; Commercial; Industrial
Subsegments:
1) By Boiler: Natural Gas Boilers; Biomass Boilers; Oil Boilers; Electric Boilers
2) By Combined Heat and Power (CHP): Gas Turbine CHP; Steam Turbine CHP; Reciprocating Engine CHP; Micro-CHP Systems
3) By Other Plant Types: Geothermal Plants; Waste Heat Recovery Systems; Solar Thermal Plants; Heat Pumps
Companies Mentioned: Alfa Laval AB; Danfoss A/S; FVB Energy Inc.; Keppel Corporation Limited; LOGSTOR A/S
Countries: Australia; Brazil; China; France; Germany; India; Indonesia; Japan; Russia; South Korea; UK; USA; Canada; Italy; Spain
Regions: Asia-Pacific; Western Europe; Eastern Europe; North America; South America; Middle East; Africa
Time series: Five years historic and ten years forecast.
Data: Ratios of market size and growth to related markets, GDP proportions, expenditure per capita,
Data segmentations: country and regional historic and forecast data, market share of competitors, market segments.
Sourcing and Referencing: Data and analysis throughout the report is sourced using end notes.
Delivery format: PDF, Word and Excel Data Dashboard.

Product Code: r21377

1. Executive Summary

2. District Heating Market Characteristics

3. District Heating Market Trends And Strategies

4. District Heating Market - Macro Economic Scenario Including The Impact Of Interest Rates, Inflation, Geopolitics And Covid And Recovery On The Market

5. Global District Heating Growth Analysis And Strategic Analysis Framework

5.1. Global District Heating PESTEL Analysis (Political, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal Factors, Drivers and Restraints)
5.2. Analysis Of End Use Industries
5.3. Global District Heating Market Growth Rate Analysis
5.4. Global District Heating Historic Market Size and Growth, 2019 - 2024, Value ($ Billion)
5.5. Global District Heating Forecast Market Size and Growth, 2024 - 2029, 2034F, Value ($ Billion)
5.6. Global District Heating Total Addressable Market (TAM)

6. District Heating Market Segmentation

6.1. Global District Heating Market, Segmentation By Plant Type, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
Boiler
Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
Others Plant Types
6.2. Global District Heating Market, Segmentation By Heat Source, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
Coal
Natural Gas
Renewables
Oil and Petroleum Products
6.3. Global District Heating Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
6.4. Global District Heating Market, Sub-Segmentation Of Boiler, By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
Natural Gas Boilers
Biomass Boilers
Oil Boilers
Electric Boilers
6.5. Global District Heating Market, Sub-Segmentation Of Combined Heat and Power (CHP), By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
Gas Turbine CHP
Steam Turbine CHP
Reciprocating Engine CHP
Micro-CHP Systems
6.6. Global District Heating Market, Sub-Segmentation Of Other Plant Types, By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
Geothermal Plants
Waste Heat Recovery Systems
Solar Thermal Plants
Heat Pumps

7. District Heating Market Regional And Country Analysis

7.1. Global District Heating Market, Split By Region, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
7.2. Global District Heating Market, Split By Country, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion

8. Asia-Pacific District Heating Market

8.1. Asia-Pacific District Heating Market Overview
Region Information, Market Information, Background Information, Government Initiatives, Regulations, Regulatory Bodies, Major Associations, Taxes Levied, Corporate Tax Structure, Investments, Major Companies
8.2. Asia-Pacific District Heating Market, Segmentation By Plant Type, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
8.3. Asia-Pacific District Heating Market, Segmentation By Heat Source, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
8.4. Asia-Pacific District Heating Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion

9. China District Heating Market

9.1. China District Heating Market Overview
9.2. China District Heating Market, Segmentation By Plant Type, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F,$ Billion
9.3. China District Heating Market, Segmentation By Heat Source, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F,$ Billion
9.4. China District Heating Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F,$ Billion

10. India District Heating Market

10.1. India District Heating Market, Segmentation By Plant Type, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
10.2. India District Heating Market, Segmentation By Heat Source, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
10.3. India District Heating Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion

11. Japan District Heating Market

11.1. Japan District Heating Market Overview
11.2. Japan District Heating Market, Segmentation By Plant Type, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
11.3. Japan District Heating Market, Segmentation By Heat Source, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
11.4. Japan District Heating Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion

12. Australia District Heating Market

12.1. Australia District Heating Market, Segmentation By Plant Type, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
12.2. Australia District Heating Market, Segmentation By Heat Source, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
12.3. Australia District Heating Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion

13. Indonesia District Heating Market

13.1. Indonesia District Heating Market, Segmentation By Plant Type, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
13.2. Indonesia District Heating Market, Segmentation By Heat Source, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
13.3. Indonesia District Heating Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion

14. South Korea District Heating Market

14.1. South Korea District Heating Market Overview
14.2. South Korea District Heating Market, Segmentation By Plant Type, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
14.3. South Korea District Heating Market, Segmentation By Heat Source, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
14.4. South Korea District Heating Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion

15. Western Europe District Heating Market

15.1. Western Europe District Heating Market Overview
15.2. Western Europe District Heating Market, Segmentation By Plant Type, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
15.3. Western Europe District Heating Market, Segmentation By Heat Source, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
15.4. Western Europe District Heating Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion

16. UK District Heating Market

16.1. UK District Heating Market, Segmentation By Plant Type, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
16.2. UK District Heating Market, Segmentation By Heat Source, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
16.3. UK District Heating Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion

17. Germany District Heating Market

17.1. Germany District Heating Market, Segmentation By Plant Type, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
17.2. Germany District Heating Market, Segmentation By Heat Source, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
17.3. Germany District Heating Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion

18. France District Heating Market

18.1. France District Heating Market, Segmentation By Plant Type, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
18.2. France District Heating Market, Segmentation By Heat Source, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
18.3. France District Heating Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion

19. Italy District Heating Market

19.1. Italy District Heating Market, Segmentation By Plant Type, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
19.2. Italy District Heating Market, Segmentation By Heat Source, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
19.3. Italy District Heating Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion

20. Spain District Heating Market

20.1. Spain District Heating Market, Segmentation By Plant Type, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
20.2. Spain District Heating Market, Segmentation By Heat Source, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
20.3. Spain District Heating Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion

21. Eastern Europe District Heating Market

21.1. Eastern Europe District Heating Market Overview
21.2. Eastern Europe District Heating Market, Segmentation By Plant Type, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
21.3. Eastern Europe District Heating Market, Segmentation By Heat Source, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
21.4. Eastern Europe District Heating Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion

22. Russia District Heating Market

22.1. Russia District Heating Market, Segmentation By Plant Type, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
22.2. Russia District Heating Market, Segmentation By Heat Source, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
22.3. Russia District Heating Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion

23. North America District Heating Market

23.1. North America District Heating Market Overview
23.2. North America District Heating Market, Segmentation By Plant Type, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
23.3. North America District Heating Market, Segmentation By Heat Source, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
23.4. North America District Heating Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion

24. USA District Heating Market

24.1. USA District Heating Market Overview
24.2. USA District Heating Market, Segmentation By Plant Type, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
24.3. USA District Heating Market, Segmentation By Heat Source, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
24.4. USA District Heating Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion

25. Canada District Heating Market

25.1. Canada District Heating Market Overview
25.2. Canada District Heating Market, Segmentation By Plant Type, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
25.3. Canada District Heating Market, Segmentation By Heat Source, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
25.4. Canada District Heating Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion

26. South America District Heating Market

26.1. South America District Heating Market Overview
26.2. South America District Heating Market, Segmentation By Plant Type, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
26.3. South America District Heating Market, Segmentation By Heat Source, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
26.4. South America District Heating Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion

27. Brazil District Heating Market

27.1. Brazil District Heating Market, Segmentation By Plant Type, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
27.2. Brazil District Heating Market, Segmentation By Heat Source, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
27.3. Brazil District Heating Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion

28. Middle East District Heating Market

28.1. Middle East District Heating Market Overview
28.2. Middle East District Heating Market, Segmentation By Plant Type, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
28.3. Middle East District Heating Market, Segmentation By Heat Source, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
28.4. Middle East District Heating Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion

29. Africa District Heating Market

29.1. Africa District Heating Market Overview
29.2. Africa District Heating Market, Segmentation By Plant Type, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
29.3. Africa District Heating Market, Segmentation By Heat Source, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
29.4. Africa District Heating Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion

30. District Heating Market Competitive Landscape And Company Profiles

30.1. District Heating Market Competitive Landscape
30.2. District Heating Market Company Profiles
- 30.2.1. Alfa Laval AB Overview, Products and Services, Strategy and Financial Analysis
- 30.2.2. Danfoss A/S Overview, Products and Services, Strategy and Financial Analysis
- 30.2.3. FVB Energy Inc. Overview, Products and Services, Strategy and Financial Analysis
- 30.2.4. Keppel Corporation Limited Overview, Products and Services, Strategy and Financial Analysis
- 30.2.5. LOGSTOR A/S Overview, Products and Services, Strategy and Financial Analysis

31. District Heating Market Other Major And Innovative Companies

31.1. Veolia Environnement S.A.
31.2. Engie SA
31.3. Fortum Oyj
31.4. Vattenfall AB
31.5. Ramboll Group A/S
31.6. EON SE
31.7. Statkraft AS
31.8. Cofely GDF Suez
31.9. Hafslund Eco AS
31.10. Wien Energie GmbH
31.11. Steag GmbH
31.12. Goteborg Energi AB
31.13. RWE AG
31.14. Vital Energi Utilities Ltd.
31.15. Agder Energi AS

32. Global District Heating Market Competitive Benchmarking And Dashboard

33. Key Mergers And Acquisitions In The District Heating Market

34. Recent Developments In The District Heating Market

35. District Heating Market High Potential Countries, Segments and Strategies

35.1 District Heating Market In 2029 - Countries Offering Most New Opportunities
35.2 District Heating Market In 2029 - Segments Offering Most New Opportunities
35.3 District Heating Market In 2029 - Growth Strategies
- 35.3.1 Market Trend Based Strategies
- 35.3.2 Competitor Strategies

36. Appendix

36.1. Abbreviations
36.2. Currencies
36.3. Historic And Forecast Inflation Rates
36.4. Research Inquiries
36.5. The Business Research Company
36.6. Copyright And Disclaimer