Garment Interlining Global Market Report 2024

Description

Garment interlining is a layer of fabric placed between the outer fabric and the lining of a garment to provide additional structure and shape. It helps prevent sagging and wrinkling, particularly in areas such as collars, cuffs, and waistbands. Interlining also enhances the garment's durability by reinforcing high-stress areas.

The main types of garment interlining include fusible interlining, non-fusible interlining, sew-in interlining, adhesive interlining, and knitted interlining. Fusible interlining features an adhesive coating that bonds to the main fabric when heat is applied, adding structure and stiffness. It is made from materials such as cotton, nylon, polyester, wool, and others. These interlinings are used in various applications, including coats, outerwear plackets, jackets, blazers, and flame retardant garments.

The garment interlining market research report is one of a series of new reports from The Business Research Company that provides garment interlining market statistics, including the garment interlining industry global market size, regional shares, competitors with the garment interlining market share, detailed garment interlining market segments, market trends, and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the garment interlining industry. These garment interlining market research reports deliver a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenarios of the industry.

The garment interlining market size has grown strongly in recent years. It will grow from $3.29 billion in 2023 to $3.46 billion in 2024 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.1%. The growth during the historic period can be attributed to the expansion of the fashion industry, the rise of e-commerce, the increasing global population, growing demand for premium garments, and the popularity of performance-oriented clothing.

The garment interlining market size is expected to see strong growth in the next few years. It will grow to $4.24 billion in 2028 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.2%. The projected growth for the forecast period can be attributed to rising disposable incomes, improved production efficiency, increasing interest in customization, a surge in fashion industry events, and regulatory support for textiles. Key trends expected during this period include a growing demand for eco-friendly and biodegradable interlining options, the adoption of digital printing and smart fabrics, increased demand for high-performance interlinings, a focus on high-quality interlining materials, and a rising preference for tailored and custom-made interlining solutions.

The expanding apparel industry is projected to drive the growth of the garment interlining market in the future. The apparel industry encompasses the sector responsible for designing, producing, distributing, and retailing clothing and accessories. Factors such as the increasing demand for fast fashion, sustainable clothing, ethical fashion, and the impact of social media have contributed to the industry's growth. Garment interlining helps maintain a garment's shape, particularly in tailored clothing, by preventing sagging and ensuring durability. It also enhances comfort and provides a polished, professional look. For example, in May 2024, the Australia Institute, an independent think tank based in Australia, reported that Australia has surpassed the United States to become the largest consumer of textiles per capita globally. On average, Australians purchase 56 new clothing items each year, outpacing the US at 53 items, the UK at 33, and China at 30. Thus, the growth of the apparel industry is fueling the garment interlining market.

The rise of e-commerce is also expected to boost the garment interlining market. E-commerce, or online commerce, involves buying and selling goods and services via the internet. As internet usage increases and e-commerce platforms offer convenience, accessibility, and personalized shopping experiences, garment interlining manufacturers can reach new global markets and customers. For instance, according to the Census Bureau of the Department of Commerce, US retail e-commerce sales for the second quarter of 2024 were estimated at $282.3 billion, showing a 5.3% increase from the first quarter of 2023. Thus, the growth of e-commerce is contributing to the expansion of the garment interlining market.

Key players in the garment interlining market are focusing on developing biodegradable options to align with evolving fashion trends and enhance garment performance. Biodegradable garment interlining offers an eco-friendly alternative to traditional materials by decomposing naturally. For example, in April 2023, Freudenberg Performance Materials, a Germany-based textile company, introduced the fusible cotton shirt interlining range 46xx. Certified by Hohenstein Laboratories, these interlinings are biodegradable and environmentally safe, without harming plant germination or earthworm behavior. They can be fused at a lower temperature of 127 °C, which reduces energy use and increases garment durability. Additionally, they are free from harmful substances, washable at up to 40°C, and resistant to dry cleaning.

Major companies operating in the garment interlining market are Freudenberg Performance Materials, Chargeurs PCC, QST Industries Inc., Ruby Mills, Sankei Co. Ltd., Pellon Group, Whaleys Bradford Limited, Wendler Einlagen GmbH & Co. KG, Vlieseline, Nantong Haihui Garment Accessories Co. Ltd., NH Textil Group, Permess International, Evans Textile (Sales) Ltd., Helsaform GmbH, Kingsafe Group, Nantong YIYI Interlining CO. Ltd., Yueda Interlining Co. Ltd., Suzhou Zhonghe Apparel Accessories Co. Ltd., Batavia Fabrics, Bafna Interlining LLP

Asia-Pacific was the largest region in the garment interlining market in 2023. The regions covered in the garment interlining market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, Africa.

The countries covered in the garment interlining market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA, Canada, Italy, Spain.

The garment interlining market consists of sales of fleece interlining, film interlining, stretch interlining. Values in this market are 'factory gate' values, that is the value of goods sold by the manufacturers or creators of the goods, whether to other entities (including downstream manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors, and retailers) or directly to end customers. The value of goods in this market includes related services sold by the creators of the goods.

The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD, unless otherwise specified).

The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values that are revenues generated by organizations in the specified geography within the market, irrespective of where they are produced. It does not include revenues from resales along the supply chain, either further along the supply chain or as part of other products.

Garment Interlining Global Market Report 2024 from The Business Research Company provides strategists, marketers and senior management with the critical information they need to assess the market.

This report focuses on garment interlining market which is experiencing strong growth. The report gives a guide to the trends which will be shaping the market over the next ten years and beyond.

Reasons to Purchase

Gain a truly global perspective with the most comprehensive report available on this market covering 50+ geographies.
Understand how the market has been affected by the COVID-19 and how it is responding as the impact of the virus abates.
Assess the Russia - Ukraine war's impact on agriculture, energy and mineral commodity supply and its direct and indirect impact on the market.
Measure the impact of high global inflation on market growth.
Create regional and country strategies on the basis of local data and analysis.
Identify growth segments for investment.
Outperform competitors using forecast data and the drivers and trends shaping the market.
Understand customers based on the latest market shares.
Benchmark performance against key competitors.
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Where is the largest and fastest growing market for garment interlining ? How does the market relate to the overall economy, demography and other similar markets? What forces will shape the market going forward? The garment interlining market global report from the Business Research Company answers all these questions and many more.

The report covers market characteristics, size and growth, segmentation, regional and country breakdowns, competitive landscape, market shares, trends and strategies for this market. It traces the market's historic and forecast market growth by geography.

The market characteristics section of the report defines and explains the market.
The market size section gives the market size ($b) covering both the historic growth of the market, and forecasting its development.
The forecasts are made after considering the major factors currently impacting the market. These include:

The impact of sanctions, supply chain disruptions, and altered demand for goods and services due to the Russian Ukraine war, impacting various macro-economic factors and parameters in the Eastern European region and its subsequent effect on global markets.

The impact of higher inflation in many countries and the resulting spike in interest rates.

The continued but declining impact of COVID-19 on supply chains and consumption patterns.

Market segmentations break down the market into sub markets.
The regional and country breakdowns section gives an analysis of the market in each geography and the size of the market by geography and compares their historic and forecast growth. It covers the growth trajectory of COVID-19 for all regions, key developed countries and major emerging markets.
The competitive landscape chapter gives a description of the competitive nature of the market, market shares, and a description of the leading companies. Key financial deals which have shaped the market in recent years are identified.
The trends and strategies section analyses the shape of the market as it emerges from the crisis and suggests how companies can grow as the market recovers.

Scope

Markets Covered:1) By Type: Fusible Interlining; Non-Fusible Interlining; Sew-In Interlining; Adhesive Interlining; Knitted Interlining
2) By Material: Cotton; Nylon; Polyester; Wool; Other Materials
3) By Application: Coat; Outerwear Plackets And Jackets; Blazers; Flame Retardant; Other Applications
Companies Mentioned: Freudenberg Performance Materials; Chargeurs PCC; QST Industries Inc.; Ruby Mills; Sankei Co. Ltd.
Countries: Australia; Brazil; China; France; Germany; India; Indonesia; Japan; Russia; South Korea; UK; USA; Canada; Italy; Spain
Regions: Asia-Pacific; Western Europe; Eastern Europe; North America; South America; Middle East; Africa
Time series: Five years historic and ten years forecast.
Data: Ratios of market size and growth to related markets, GDP proportions, expenditure per capita,
Data segmentations: country and regional historic and forecast data, market share of competitors, market segments.
Sourcing and Referencing: Data and analysis throughout the report is sourced using end notes.
Delivery format: PDF, Word and Excel Data Dashboard.

Product Code: r20608

1. Executive Summary

2. Garment Interlining Market Characteristics

3. Garment Interlining Market Trends And Strategies

4. Garment Interlining Market - Macro Economic Scenario

4.1. Impact Of High Inflation On The Market
4.2. Ukraine-Russia War Impact On The Market
4.3. COVID-19 Impact On The Market

5. Global Garment Interlining Market Size and Growth

5.1. Global Garment Interlining Market Drivers and Restraints
- 5.1.1. Drivers Of The Market
- 5.1.2. Restraints Of The Market
5.2. Global Garment Interlining Historic Market Size and Growth, 2018 - 2023, Value ($ Billion)
5.3. Global Garment Interlining Forecast Market Size and Growth, 2023 - 2028, 2033F, Value ($ Billion)

6. Garment Interlining Market Segmentation

6.1. Global Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
Fusible Interlining
Non-Fusible Interlining
Sew-In Interlining
Adhesive Interlining
Knitted Interlining
6.2. Global Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
Cotton
Nylon
Polyester
Wool
Other Materials
6.3. Global Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
Coat
Outerwear Plackets And Jackets
Blazers
Flame Retardant
Other Applications

7. Garment Interlining Market Regional And Country Analysis

7.1. Global Garment Interlining Market, Split By Region, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
7.2. Global Garment Interlining Market, Split By Country, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

8. Asia-Pacific Garment Interlining Market

8.1. Asia-Pacific Garment Interlining Market Overview
Region Information, Impact Of COVID-19, Market Information, Background Information, Government Initiatives, Regulations, Regulatory Bodies, Major Associations, Taxes Levied, Corporate Tax Structure, Investments, Major Companies
8.2. Asia-Pacific Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
8.3. Asia-Pacific Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
8.4. Asia-Pacific Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

9. China Garment Interlining Market

9.1. China Garment Interlining Market Overview
9.2. China Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion
9.3. China Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion
9.4. China Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion

10. India Garment Interlining Market

10.1. India Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
10.2. India Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
10.3. India Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

11. Japan Garment Interlining Market

11.1. Japan Garment Interlining Market Overview
11.2. Japan Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
11.3. Japan Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
11.4. Japan Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

12. Australia Garment Interlining Market

12.1. Australia Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
12.2. Australia Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
12.3. Australia Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

13. Indonesia Garment Interlining Market

13.1. Indonesia Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
13.2. Indonesia Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
13.3. Indonesia Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

14. South Korea Garment Interlining Market

14.1. South Korea Garment Interlining Market Overview
14.2. South Korea Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
14.3. South Korea Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
14.4. South Korea Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

15. Western Europe Garment Interlining Market

15.1. Western Europe Garment Interlining Market Overview
15.2. Western Europe Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
15.3. Western Europe Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
15.4. Western Europe Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

16. UK Garment Interlining Market

16.1. UK Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
16.2. UK Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
16.3. UK Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

17. Germany Garment Interlining Market

17.1. Germany Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
17.2. Germany Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
17.3. Germany Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

18. France Garment Interlining Market

18.1. France Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
18.2. France Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
18.3. France Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

19. Italy Garment Interlining Market

19.1. Italy Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
19.2. Italy Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
19.3. Italy Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

20. Spain Garment Interlining Market

20.1. Spain Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
20.2. Spain Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
20.3. Spain Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

21. Eastern Europe Garment Interlining Market

21.1. Eastern Europe Garment Interlining Market Overview
21.2. Eastern Europe Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
21.3. Eastern Europe Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
21.4. Eastern Europe Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

22. Russia Garment Interlining Market

22.1. Russia Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
22.2. Russia Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
22.3. Russia Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

23. North America Garment Interlining Market

23.1. North America Garment Interlining Market Overview
23.2. North America Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
23.3. North America Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
23.4. North America Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

24. USA Garment Interlining Market

24.1. USA Garment Interlining Market Overview
24.2. USA Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
24.3. USA Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
24.4. USA Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

25. Canada Garment Interlining Market

25.1. Canada Garment Interlining Market Overview
25.2. Canada Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
25.3. Canada Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
25.4. Canada Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

26. South America Garment Interlining Market

26.1. South America Garment Interlining Market Overview
26.2. South America Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
26.3. South America Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
26.4. South America Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

27. Brazil Garment Interlining Market

27.1. Brazil Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
27.2. Brazil Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
27.3. Brazil Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

28. Middle East Garment Interlining Market

28.1. Middle East Garment Interlining Market Overview
28.2. Middle East Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
28.3. Middle East Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
28.4. Middle East Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

29. Africa Garment Interlining Market

29.1. Africa Garment Interlining Market Overview
29.2. Africa Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
29.3. Africa Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
29.4. Africa Garment Interlining Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

30. Garment Interlining Market Competitive Landscape And Company Profiles

30.1. Garment Interlining Market Competitive Landscape
30.2. Garment Interlining Market Company Profiles
- 30.2.1. Freudenberg Performance Materials
  - 30.2.1.1. Overview
  - 30.2.1.2. Products and Services
  - 30.2.1.3. Strategy
  - 30.2.1.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.2. Chargeurs PCC
  - 30.2.2.1. Overview
  - 30.2.2.2. Products and Services
  - 30.2.2.3. Strategy
  - 30.2.2.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.3. QST Industries Inc.
  - 30.2.3.1. Overview
  - 30.2.3.2. Products and Services
  - 30.2.3.3. Strategy
  - 30.2.3.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.4. Ruby Mills
  - 30.2.4.1. Overview
  - 30.2.4.2. Products and Services
  - 30.2.4.3. Strategy
  - 30.2.4.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.5. Sankei Co. Ltd.
  - 30.2.5.1. Overview
  - 30.2.5.2. Products and Services
  - 30.2.5.3. Strategy
  - 30.2.5.4. Financial Performance

31. Garment Interlining Market Other Major And Innovative Companies

31.1. Pellon Group
31.2. Whaleys Bradford Limited
31.3. Wendler Einlagen GmbH & Co. KG
31.4. Vlieseline
31.5. Nantong Haihui Garment Accessories Co. Ltd.
31.6. NH Textil Group
31.7. Permess International
31.8. Evans Textile (Sales) Ltd.
31.9. Helsaform GmbH
31.10. Kingsafe Group
31.11. Nantong YIYI Interlining CO. Ltd.
31.12. Yueda Interlining Co. Ltd.
31.13. Suzhou Zhonghe Apparel Accessories Co. Ltd.
31.14. Batavia Fabrics
31.15. Bafna Interlining LLP

32. Global Garment Interlining Market Competitive Benchmarking

33. Global Garment Interlining Market Competitive Dashboard

34. Key Mergers And Acquisitions In The Garment Interlining Market

35. Garment Interlining Market Future Outlook and Potential Analysis

35.1 Garment Interlining Market In 2028 - Countries Offering Most New Opportunities
35.2 Garment Interlining Market In 2028 - Segments Offering Most New Opportunities
35.3 Garment Interlining Market In 2028 - Growth Strategies
- 35.3.1 Market Trend Based Strategies
- 35.3.2 Competitor Strategies

36. Appendix

36.1. Abbreviations
36.2. Currencies
36.3. Historic And Forecast Inflation Rates
36.4. Research Inquiries
36.5. The Business Research Company
36.6. Copyright And Disclaimer