PUBLISHER: The Business Research Company | PRODUCT CODE: 1619414
PUBLISHER: The Business Research Company | PRODUCT CODE: 1619414
Annuity Global Market Report 2024
An annuity is a financial product that provides a series of payments made at regular intervals over a specified period. Often used as a retirement income solution, annuities can be structured to provide payments for either a fixed term or the lifetime of the annuitant. Payments can be immediate, starting soon after the investment, or deferred, beginning at a future date.
The main types of annuities include immediate annuities, deferred annuities, fixed annuities, and variable annuities. Immediate annuities begin making regular payments to the annuitant either immediately or shortly after a lump sum payment is made. Annuities are distributed through various channels such as insurance agencies, brokers, and banks, and are suitable for different life stages, including childhood, adulthood, and retirement.
The annuity market research report is one of a series of new reports from The Business Research Company that provides annuity market statistics, including annuity industry global market size, regional shares, competitors with a annuity market share, detailed annuity market segments, market trends and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the annuity industry. This annuity market research report delivers a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenario of the industry.
The annuity market size has grown strongly in recent years. It will grow from $5.74 billion in 2023 to $6.08 billion in 2024 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.9%. The growth during the historic period can be attributed to increasing life expectancy, rising disposable income, growing concerns about the solvency of social security systems, a higher number of retirees, and an expansion in the number of financial advisors.
The annuity market size is expected to see strong growth in the next few years. It will grow to $7.68 billion in 2028 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.0%. The anticipated growth during the forecast period can be attributed to the expanding aging population, greater adoption of digital platforms, increasing popularity of variable annuities, rising healthcare costs affecting retirement planning, and ongoing innovations in annuity products. Key trends expected include technological advancements, the adoption of blockchain technology, digital annuity platforms, hybrid annuity products, and the use of robo-advisors.
The growing demand for insurance is anticipated to drive the expansion of the annuity market. The heightened need for insurance is driven by increased awareness of financial protection, rising uncertainties, and the necessity to guard against various risks such as health issues, life events, property damage, and business disruptions. Annuities are a key insurance product that offers policyholders a guaranteed income stream, usually during retirement, ensuring long-term financial stability. For example, Allianz SE, a Germany-based financial services company, reported in May 2023 that the global insurance industry grew by 7.5% in 2023, marking its fastest growth since before the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). Insurers worldwide generated €6.2 trillion ($6.7 trillion) in premiums across different segments, including life insurance (€2,620 billion or $2,835 billion), property and casualty insurance (€2,153 billion or $2,329 billion), and health insurance (€1,427 billion or $1,545 billion). This rising insurance demand is consequently driving the growth of the annuity market.
Companies in the annuity market are focusing on developing innovative products, such as long-term, tax-deferred retirement plans, to maintain a competitive advantage. These financial instruments are designed to help individuals save and invest for retirement while deferring taxes on the investment growth until withdrawals begin. They are structured to accumulate funds over an extended period, allowing for compounded growth without immediate tax implications. For instance, in May 2024, Guardian Life Insurance Company of America, a US-based insurer, introduced the Guardian MarketPerform, a Registered Index-Linked Annuity (RILA). This new product aims to improve retirement planning by offering a balance between growth potential and market risk protection, addressing concerns many Americans have about their retirement savings.
In May 2024, Brookfield Reinsurance, an insurance company based in Bermuda, acquired American Equity Investment Life Holding Company (AEL) for $4.3 billion. This acquisition enhances Brookfield Reinsurance's insurance operations by integrating AEL's prominent fixed annuity business. American Equity Investment Life Holding Company (AEL), a US-based insurance firm, specializes in developing and selling annuity and life insurance products through its subsidiaries.
Major companies operating in the annuity market are New York Life Insurance Company, TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company, Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company, USAA Life Insurance Company, Corbridge Financial, Lincoln National Life Insurance Company, Pacific Life Insurance Company, Jackson National Life Insurance Company, Athene Annuity and Life Company, Brighthouse Financial Inc., Western & Southern Life Assurance Company, F&G Annuities & Life Inc., Allianz Life Insurance Company of North America, ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited, Ameritas Life Insurance Corporation of New York, American National Insurance Company, Global Atlantic Financial Group, Atlantic Coast Life Insurance Company, Securian Life Insurance Company, OneAmerica Financial Partners Inc., Aspida Life Insurance Company, CL Life and Annuity Insurance Company, Clear Spring Life and Annuity Company, Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company
North America was the largest region in the annuity market in 2023. The regions covered in the annuity market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, Africa.
The countries covered in the annuity market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA, Canada, Italy, Spain.
The annuity market includes revenues earned by entities by providing services such as claims processing, payment management, investment management, and consultation and planning. The market value includes the value of related goods sold by the service provider or included within the service offering. The market value includes the value of related goods sold by the service provider or included within the service offering. Only goods and services traded between entities or sold to end consumers are included.
The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD, unless otherwise specified).
The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values that are revenues generated by organizations in the specified geography within the market, irrespective of where they are produced. It does not include revenues from resales along the supply chain, either further along the supply chain or as part of other products.
Annuity Global Market Report 2024 from The Business Research Company provides strategists, marketers and senior management with the critical information they need to assess the market.
This report focuses on annuity market which is experiencing strong growth. The report gives a guide to the trends which will be shaping the market over the next ten years and beyond.
Reasons to Purchase
- Gain a truly global perspective with the most comprehensive report available on this market covering 50+ geographies.
- Understand how the market has been affected by the COVID-19 and how it is responding as the impact of the virus abates.
- Assess the Russia - Ukraine war's impact on agriculture, energy and mineral commodity supply and its direct and indirect impact on the market.
- Measure the impact of high global inflation on market growth.
- Create regional and country strategies on the basis of local data and analysis.
- Identify growth segments for investment.
- Outperform competitors using forecast data and the drivers and trends shaping the market.
- Understand customers based on the latest market shares.
- Benchmark performance against key competitors.
- Suitable for supporting your internal and external presentations with reliable high quality data and analysis
- Report will be updated with the latest data and delivered to you within 3-5 working days of order along with an Excel data sheet for easy data extraction and analysis.
- All data from the report will also be delivered in an excel dashboard format.
Where is the largest and fastest growing market for annuity ? How does the market relate to the overall economy, demography and other similar markets? What forces will shape the market going forward? The annuity market global report from the Business Research Company answers all these questions and many more.
The report covers market characteristics, size and growth, segmentation, regional and country breakdowns, competitive landscape, market shares, trends and strategies for this market. It traces the market's historic and forecast market growth by geography.
- The market characteristics section of the report defines and explains the market.
- The market size section gives the market size ($b) covering both the historic growth of the market, and forecasting its development.
- The forecasts are made after considering the major factors currently impacting the market. These include:
The impact of sanctions, supply chain disruptions, and altered demand for goods and services due to the Russian Ukraine war, impacting various macro-economic factors and parameters in the Eastern European region and its subsequent effect on global markets.
The impact of higher inflation in many countries and the resulting spike in interest rates.
The continued but declining impact of COVID-19 on supply chains and consumption patterns.
- Market segmentations break down the market into sub markets.
- The regional and country breakdowns section gives an analysis of the market in each geography and the size of the market by geography and compares their historic and forecast growth. It covers the growth trajectory of COVID-19 for all regions, key developed countries and major emerging markets.
- The competitive landscape chapter gives a description of the competitive nature of the market, market shares, and a description of the leading companies. Key financial deals which have shaped the market in recent years are identified.
- The trends and strategies section analyses the shape of the market as it emerges from the crisis and suggests how companies can grow as the market recovers.
Scope
- Markets Covered:1) By Type: Immediate Annuities; Deferred Annuities; Fixed Annuities; Variable Annuities
- 2) By Distribution Channel: Insurance Agencies And Brokers; Banks; Other Distribution Channels
- 3) By Application: Child; Adult; Elder
- Companies Mentioned: New York Life Insurance Company; TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company; Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company; USAA Life Insurance Company; Corbridge Financial
- Countries: Australia; Brazil; China; France; Germany; India; Indonesia; Japan; Russia; South Korea; UK; USA; Canada; Italy; Spain
- Regions: Asia-Pacific; Western Europe; Eastern Europe; North America; South America; Middle East; Africa
- Time series: Five years historic and ten years forecast.
- Data: Ratios of market size and growth to related markets, GDP proportions, expenditure per capita,
- Data segmentations: country and regional historic and forecast data, market share of competitors, market segments.
- Sourcing and Referencing: Data and analysis throughout the report is sourced using end notes.
- Delivery format: PDF, Word and Excel Data Dashboard.
Table of Contents
1. Executive Summary
2. Annuity Market Characteristics
3. Annuity Market Trends And Strategies
4. Annuity Market - Macro Economic Scenario
- 4.1. Impact Of High Inflation On The Market
- 4.2. Ukraine-Russia War Impact On The Market
- 4.3. COVID-19 Impact On The Market
5. Global Annuity Market Size and Growth
- 5.1. Global Annuity Market Drivers and Restraints
- 5.1.1. Drivers Of The Market
- 5.1.2. Restraints Of The Market
- 5.2. Global Annuity Historic Market Size and Growth, 2018 - 2023, Value ($ Billion)
- 5.3. Global Annuity Forecast Market Size and Growth, 2023 - 2028, 2033F, Value ($ Billion)
6. Annuity Market Segmentation
- 6.1. Global Annuity Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- Immediate Annuities
- Deferred Annuities
- Fixed Annuities
- Variable Annuities
- 6.2. Global Annuity Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- Insurance Agencies And Brokers
- Banks
- Other Distribution Channels
- 6.3. Global Annuity Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- Child
- Adult
- Elder
7. Annuity Market Regional And Country Analysis
- 7.1. Global Annuity Market, Split By Region, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 7.2. Global Annuity Market, Split By Country, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
8. Asia-Pacific Annuity Market
- 8.1. Asia-Pacific Annuity Market Overview
- Region Information, Impact Of COVID-19, Market Information, Background Information, Government Initiatives, Regulations, Regulatory Bodies, Major Associations, Taxes Levied, Corporate Tax Structure, Investments, Major Companies
- 8.2. Asia-Pacific Annuity Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 8.3. Asia-Pacific Annuity Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 8.4. Asia-Pacific Annuity Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
9. China Annuity Market
- 9.1. China Annuity Market Overview
- 9.2. China Annuity Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion
- 9.3. China Annuity Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion
- 9.4. China Annuity Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion
10. India Annuity Market
- 10.1. India Annuity Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 10.2. India Annuity Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 10.3. India Annuity Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
11. Japan Annuity Market
- 11.1. Japan Annuity Market Overview
- 11.2. Japan Annuity Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 11.3. Japan Annuity Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 11.4. Japan Annuity Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
12. Australia Annuity Market
- 12.1. Australia Annuity Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 12.2. Australia Annuity Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 12.3. Australia Annuity Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
13. Indonesia Annuity Market
- 13.1. Indonesia Annuity Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 13.2. Indonesia Annuity Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 13.3. Indonesia Annuity Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
14. South Korea Annuity Market
- 14.1. South Korea Annuity Market Overview
- 14.2. South Korea Annuity Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 14.3. South Korea Annuity Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 14.4. South Korea Annuity Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
15. Western Europe Annuity Market
- 15.1. Western Europe Annuity Market Overview
- 15.2. Western Europe Annuity Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 15.3. Western Europe Annuity Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 15.4. Western Europe Annuity Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
16. UK Annuity Market
- 16.1. UK Annuity Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 16.2. UK Annuity Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 16.3. UK Annuity Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
17. Germany Annuity Market
- 17.1. Germany Annuity Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 17.2. Germany Annuity Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 17.3. Germany Annuity Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
18. France Annuity Market
- 18.1. France Annuity Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 18.2. France Annuity Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 18.3. France Annuity Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
19. Italy Annuity Market
- 19.1. Italy Annuity Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 19.2. Italy Annuity Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 19.3. Italy Annuity Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
20. Spain Annuity Market
- 20.1. Spain Annuity Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 20.2. Spain Annuity Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 20.3. Spain Annuity Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
21. Eastern Europe Annuity Market
- 21.1. Eastern Europe Annuity Market Overview
- 21.2. Eastern Europe Annuity Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 21.3. Eastern Europe Annuity Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 21.4. Eastern Europe Annuity Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
22. Russia Annuity Market
- 22.1. Russia Annuity Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 22.2. Russia Annuity Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 22.3. Russia Annuity Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
23. North America Annuity Market
- 23.1. North America Annuity Market Overview
- 23.2. North America Annuity Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 23.3. North America Annuity Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 23.4. North America Annuity Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
24. USA Annuity Market
- 24.1. USA Annuity Market Overview
- 24.2. USA Annuity Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 24.3. USA Annuity Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 24.4. USA Annuity Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
25. Canada Annuity Market
- 25.1. Canada Annuity Market Overview
- 25.2. Canada Annuity Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 25.3. Canada Annuity Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 25.4. Canada Annuity Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
26. South America Annuity Market
- 26.1. South America Annuity Market Overview
- 26.2. South America Annuity Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 26.3. South America Annuity Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 26.4. South America Annuity Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
27. Brazil Annuity Market
- 27.1. Brazil Annuity Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 27.2. Brazil Annuity Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 27.3. Brazil Annuity Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
28. Middle East Annuity Market
- 28.1. Middle East Annuity Market Overview
- 28.2. Middle East Annuity Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 28.3. Middle East Annuity Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 28.4. Middle East Annuity Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
29. Africa Annuity Market
- 29.1. Africa Annuity Market Overview
- 29.2. Africa Annuity Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 29.3. Africa Annuity Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 29.4. Africa Annuity Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
30. Annuity Market Competitive Landscape And Company Profiles
- 30.1. Annuity Market Competitive Landscape
- 30.2. Annuity Market Company Profiles
- 30.2.1. New York Life Insurance Company
- 30.2.1.1. Overview
- 30.2.1.2. Products and Services
- 30.2.1.3. Strategy
- 30.2.1.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.2. TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company
- 30.2.2.1. Overview
- 30.2.2.2. Products and Services
- 30.2.2.3. Strategy
- 30.2.2.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.3. Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
- 30.2.3.1. Overview
- 30.2.3.2. Products and Services
- 30.2.3.3. Strategy
- 30.2.3.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.4. USAA Life Insurance Company
- 30.2.4.1. Overview
- 30.2.4.2. Products and Services
- 30.2.4.3. Strategy
- 30.2.4.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.5. Corbridge Financial
- 30.2.5.1. Overview
- 30.2.5.2. Products and Services
- 30.2.5.3. Strategy
- 30.2.5.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.1. New York Life Insurance Company
31. Annuity Market Other Major And Innovative Companies
- 31.1. Lincoln National Life Insurance Company
- 31.2. Pacific Life Insurance Company
- 31.3. Jackson National Life Insurance Company
- 31.4. Athene Annuity and Life Company
- 31.5. Brighthouse Financial Inc.
- 31.6. Western & Southern Life Assurance Company
- 31.7. F&G Annuities & Life Inc.
- 31.8. Allianz Life Insurance Company of North America
- 31.9. ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited
- 31.10. Ameritas Life Insurance Corporation of New York
- 31.11. American National Insurance Company
- 31.12. Global Atlantic Financial Group
- 31.13. Atlantic Coast Life Insurance Company
- 31.14. Securian Life Insurance Company
- 31.15. OneAmerica Financial Partners Inc.
32. Global Annuity Market Competitive Benchmarking
33. Global Annuity Market Competitive Dashboard
34. Key Mergers And Acquisitions In The Annuity Market
35. Annuity Market Future Outlook and Potential Analysis
- 35.1 Annuity Market In 2028 - Countries Offering Most New Opportunities
- 35.2 Annuity Market In 2028 - Segments Offering Most New Opportunities
- 35.3 Annuity Market In 2028 - Growth Strategies
- 35.3.1 Market Trend Based Strategies
- 35.3.2 Competitor Strategies
36. Appendix
- 36.1. Abbreviations
- 36.2. Currencies
- 36.3. Historic And Forecast Inflation Rates
- 36.4. Research Inquiries
- 36.5. The Business Research Company
- 36.6. Copyright And Disclaimer
