Academic Research And Development Global Market Opportunities And Strategies To 2033

Description

Academic research and development (R&D) refer to systematic and investigative activities conducted within academic institutions such as universities, research centers and specialized institutes with the goal of advancing knowledge, technology and societal understanding. The market primarily consists of companies that provide products, services or support to institutions conducting research. It encompasses a wide range of disciplines and fields, ranging from natural sciences to social sciences and is a foundational element in the advancement of knowledge across sectors.

The academic research and development market consist of sales, by entities (organizations, sole traders and partnerships), of academic research and development services that are utilized by scholars, scientists and researchers who aim to explore new ideas, test hypotheses and contribute to innovations that can be applied in both academic and practical contexts. These activities are undertaken by professionals such as university faculty, doctoral students and postdoctoral researchers, often supported by technical staff and research assistants.

The global academic research and development market was valued at $340,530.00 million in 2018 which grew till 2023 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of more than 7.0%.

Strong Economic Growth In Emerging Markets

Strong economic growth in emerging markets supported the growth of the academic research and development market during the historic period. Strong economic growth in emerging markets increased government and private investments in education and scientific research. This led to improved infrastructure, enhanced faculty expertise and more research grants for universities. Additionally, collaboration between academic institutions and industries grew, driving innovation. As businesses expanded and tech-savvy industries developed, demand for advanced research surged, further boosting the academic research and development (R&D) market. For instance, according to the World Bank, Brazil's GDP (gross domestic product) growth rate stood at 4.99% in 2021, marking a significant increase of 8.27% compared to 2020. Therefore, strong economic growth in emerging markets contributed to the growth of the academic research and development market.

Advanced AI-Driven Research Tools Revolutionizing Data Analysis And Insight Generation Across Academic Disciplines

Major companies in the academic research and development market are deploying advanced AI (artificial intelligence)-driven tools to transform data analysis and insight generation. These tools utilize machine learning to rapidly and accurately process large datasets, uncovering patterns and trends that enhance research efficiency. By automating complex analysis, they support more robust studies and accelerate discoveries across academic disciplines. For instance, in May 2024, Clarivate Plc, a US-based analytics company, introduced the first version of the Clarivate Academic AI Platform, enhancing its suite of AI-powered Research Assistants. This platform, built on Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) architecture, ensures accurate and consistent artificial intelligence (AI) deployment across academic and government solutions. By integrating extensive curated content from sources like Web of Science Core Collection and ProQuest, it provides reliable insights and metadata to support the needs of students, researchers and librarians. Additionally, in January 2024, Elsevier, a Netherlands-based academic publishing company specializing in scientific, technical and medical content launched Scopus AI, a generative artificial intelligence (AI) tool designed to provide researchers with quick, accurate summaries and insights, enhancing collaboration and societal impact. Leveraging Scopus' comprehensive database of over 27,000 academic journals and 1.8 billion citations, Scopus AI utilizes trusted content vetted by a distinguished board of scientists and librarians. This tool aims to streamline research processes and support academic institutions in deriving meaningful insights from a vast array of scholarly information.

The global academic research and development market is highly fragmented, with a large number of players operating in the market. The top ten competitors in the market made up to 2.62% of the total market in 2023.

Academic Research And Development Global Market Opportunities And Strategies To 2033 from The Business Research Company provides the strategists; marketers and senior management with the critical information they need to assess the global academic research and development market as it emerges from the COVID-19 shut down.

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Where is the largest and fastest-growing market for academic research and development? How does the market relate to the overall economy; demography and other similar markets? What forces will shape the market going forward? The academic research and development market global report from The Business Research Company answers all these questions and many more.

The report covers market characteristics; size and growth; segmentation; regional and country breakdowns; competitive landscape; market shares; trends and strategies for this market. It traces the market's history and forecasts market growth by geography. It places the market within the context of the wider academic research and development market; and compares it with other markets.

The report covers the following chapters

Introduction and Market Characteristics- Brief introduction to the segmentations covered in the market, definitions and explanations about the segment by specialties and by type of funding.
Key Trends- Highlights the major trends shaping the global market. This section also highlights likely future developments in the market.
Macro-Economic Scenario- The report provides an analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, impact of the Russia-Ukraine war and impact of rising inflation on global and regional markets, providing strategic insights for businesses in the academic research and development market.
Global Market Size And Growth- Global historic (2018-2023) and forecast (2023-2028, 2033F) market values and drivers and restraints that support and control the growth of the market in the historic and forecast periods.
Regional And Country Analysis- Historic (2018-2023) and forecast (2023-2028, 2033F) market values and growth and market share comparison by region and country.
Market Segmentation- Contains the market values (2018-2023) (2023-2028, 2033F) and analysis for each segment by specialties and by type of funding in the market. Historic (2018-2023) and forecast (2023-2028) and (2028-2033) market values and growth and market share comparison by region market.
Regional Market Size and Growth- Regional market size (2023), historic (2018-2023) and forecast (2023-2028, 2033F) market values and growth and market share comparison of countries within the region. This report includes information on all the regions Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa and major countries within each region.
Competitive Landscape- Details on the competitive landscape of the market, estimated market shares and company profiles of the leading players.
Other Major And Innovative Companies Details on the company profiles of other major and innovative companies.
Competitive Benchmarking- Briefs on the financials comparison between major players in the market.
Competitive Dashboard- Briefs on competitive dashboard of major players.
Key Mergers and Acquisitions- Information on recent mergers and acquisitions in the market is covered in the report. This section gives key financial details of mergers and acquisitions which have shaped the market in recent years.
Market Opportunities And Strategies- Describes market opportunities and strategies based on findings of the research, with information on growth opportunities across countries, segments and strategies to be followed in those markets.
Conclusions And Recommendations- This section includes recommendations for academic research and development providers in terms of product/service offerings geographic expansion, marketing strategies and target groups.
Appendix- This section includes details on the NAICS codes covered, abbreviations and currencies codes used in this report.

Markets Covered:

1) By Specialties: Medicine And Healthcare; Engineering And Technology; Social Sciences; Natural Sciences; Other Specialties
2) By Type Of Funding: Public; Private
Companies Mentioned: Johns Hopkins University; Stanford University; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; University of Oxford; Johnson & Johnson (Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development)
Countries: China; Australia; India; Indonesia; Japan; South Korea; USA; Canada; Brazil; France; Germany; Italy; Spain; UK; Russia
Regions: Asia-Pacific; Western Europe; Eastern Europe; North America; South America; Middle East; Africa
Time-series: Five years historic and ten years forecast.
Data: Ratios of market size and growth to related markets; GDP proportions; expenditure per capita; academic research and development indicators comparison.
Data segmentations: country and regional historic and forecast data; market share of competitors; market segments.
Sourcing and Referencing: Data and analysis throughout the report is sourced using end notes.

Product Code: o&s1383

1 Executive Summary

1.1 Academic Research And Development - Market Attractiveness And Macro Economic Landscape

2 Table Of Contents

3 List Of Tables

4 List Of Figures

5 Report Structure

6 Market Characteristics

6.1 General Market Definition
6.2 Summary
6.3 Academic Research And Development Market Definition And Segmentations
6.4 Market Segmentation By Specialties
- 6.4.1 Medicine And Healthcare
- 6.4.2 Engineering And Technology
- 6.4.3 Social Sciences
- 6.4.4 Natural Science
- 6.4.5 Other Specialties
6.5 Market Segmentation By Type of Funding
- 6.5.1 Public
- 6.5.2 Private

7 Major Market Trends

7.1 Advanced AI-Driven Research Tools Revolutionizing Data Analysis And Insight Generation Across Academic Disciplines
7.2 Strategic Partnerships And Collaborations Among Major Players
7.3 Enhanced Utilization Of Research Assets Through Financial Support And Access To Advanced Resources
7.4 Establishment Of Advanced Research Centers To Set New Benchmarks In AI Education And Innovation
7.5 Driving Next-Generation Defense Technology Development Through Strategic Research Centers

8 Academic Research And Development Market - Macro Economic Scenario

8.1 COVID-19 Impact On The Academic Research And Development Market
8.2 Impact Of The War In Ukraine On The Academic Research And Development Market
8.3 Impact Of High Inflation On The Academic Research And Development Market

9 Global Market Size and Growth

9.1 Market Size
9.2 Historic Market Growth, 2018 - 2023, Value ($ Million)
- 9.2.1 Market Drivers 2018 - 2023
- 9.2.2 Market Restraints 2018 - 2023
9.3 Forecast Market Growth, 2023 - 2028, 2033F Value ($ Million)
- 9.3.1 Market Drivers 2023 - 2028
- 9.3.2 Market Restraints 2023 - 2028

10 Global Academic Research And Development Market Segmentation

10.1 Global Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Specialties, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)
10.2 Global Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Type Of Funding, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)

11 Academic Research And Development Market, Regional and Country Analysis

11.1 Global Academic Research And Development Market, By Region, Historic and Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)
11.2 Global Academic Research And Development Market, By Country, Historic and Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)

12 Asia-Pacific Market

12.1 Summary
12.2 Market Overview
- 12.2.1 Region Information
- 12.2.2 Market Information
- 12.2.3 Background Information
- 12.2.4 Government Initiatives
- 12.2.5 Regulations
- 12.2.6 Regulatory Bodies
- 12.2.7 Major Associations
- 12.2.8 Taxes Levied
- 12.2.9 Corporate Tax Structure
- 12.2.10 Investments
- 12.2.11 Major Companies
12.3 Asia-Pacific Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Specialties, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)
12.4 Asia-Pacific Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Type Of Funding, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)
12.5 Asia-Pacific Academic Research And Development Market: Country Analysis
12.6 China Market
12.7 Summary
12.8 Market Overview
- 12.8.1 Country Information
- 12.8.2 Market Information
- 12.8.3 Background Information
- 12.8.4 Government Initiatives
- 12.8.5 Regulations
- 12.8.6 Regulatory Bodies
- 12.8.7 Major Associations
- 12.8.8 Taxes Levied
- 12.8.9 Corporate Tax Structure
- 12.8.10 Investments
- 12.8.11 Major Companies
12.9 China Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Specialties, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)
12.10 China Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Type Of Funding, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)
12.11 India Market
12.12 India Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Specialties, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)
12.13 India Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Type Of Funding, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)
12.14 Japan Market
12.15 Japan Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Specialties, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)
12.16 Japan Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Type Of Funding, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)
12.17 Australia Market
12.18 Australia Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Specialties, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)
12.19 Australia Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Type Of Funding, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)
12.20 Indonesia Market
12.21 Indonesia Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Specialties, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)
12.22 Indonesia Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Type Of Funding, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)
12.23 South Korea Market
12.24 South Korea Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Specialties, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)
12.25 South Korea Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Type Of Funding, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)

13 Western Europe Market

13.1 Summary
13.2 Market Overview
- 13.2.1 Region Information
- 13.2.2 Market Information
- 13.2.3 Background Information
- 13.2.4 Government Initiatives
- 13.2.5 Regulations
- 13.2.6 Regulatory Bodies
- 13.2.7 Major Associations
- 13.2.8 Taxes Levied
- 13.2.9 Corporate Tax Structure
- 13.2.10 Investment
- 13.2.11 Major Companies
13.3 Western Europe Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Specialties, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)
13.4 Western Europe Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Type Of Funding, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)
13.5 Western Europe Academic Research And Development Market: Country Analysis
13.6 UK Market
13.7 UK Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Specialties, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)
13.8 UK Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Type Of Funding, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)
13.9 Germany Market
13.10 Germany Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Specialties, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)
13.11 Germany Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Type Of Funding, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)
13.12 France Market
13.13 France Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Specialties, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)
13.14 France Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Type Of Funding, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)
13.15 Italy Market
13.16 Italy Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Specialties, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)
13.17 Italy Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Type Of Funding, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)
13.18 Spain Market
13.19 Spain Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Specialties, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)
13.20 Spain Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Type Of Funding, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)

14 Eastern Europe Market

14.1 Summary
14.2 Market Overview
- 14.2.1 Region Information
- 14.2.2 Market Information
- 14.2.3 Background Information
- 14.2.4 Government Initiatives
- 14.2.5 Regulations
- 14.2.6 Regulatory Bodies
- 14.2.7 Major Associations
- 14.2.8 Taxes Levied
- 14.2.9 Corporate Tax Structure
- 14.2.10 Investments
- 14.2.11 Major Companies
14.3 Eastern Europe Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Specialties, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)
14.4 Eastern Europe Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Type Of Funding, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)
14.5 Eastern Europe Academic Research And Development Market: Country Analysis
14.6 Russia Market
14.7 Russia Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Specialties, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)
14.8 Russia Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Type Of Funding, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)

15 North America Market

15.1 Summary
15.2 Market Overview
- 15.2.1 Region Information
- 15.2.2 Market Information
- 15.2.3 Background Information
- 15.2.4 Government Initiatives
- 15.2.5 Regulations
- 15.2.6 Regulatory Bodies
- 15.2.7 Major Associations
- 15.2.8 Taxes Levied
- 15.2.9 Corporate Tax Structure
- 15.2.10 Investments
- 15.2.11 Major Companies
15.3 North America Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Specialties, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)
15.4 North America Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Type Of Funding, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)
15.5 North America Academic Research And Development Market: Country Analysis
15.6 USA Market
15.7 Summary
15.8 Market Overview
- 15.8.1 Country Information
- 15.8.2 Market Information
- 15.8.3 Background Information
- 15.8.4 Government Initiatives
- 15.8.5 Regulations
- 15.8.6 Regulatory Bodies
- 15.8.7 Major Associations
- 15.8.8 Taxes Levied
- 15.8.9 Corporate Tax Structure
- 15.8.10 Investments
- 15.8.11 Major Companies
15.9 USA Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Specialties, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)
15.10 USA Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Type Of Funding, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)
15.11 Canada Market
15.12 Canada Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Specialties, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)
15.13 Canada Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Type Of Funding, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)

16 South America Market

16.1 Summary
16.2 Market Overview
- 16.2.1 Region Information
- 16.2.2 Market Information
- 16.2.3 Background Information
- 16.2.4 Government Initiatives
- 16.2.5 Regulations
- 16.2.6 Regulatory Bodies
- 16.2.7 Major Associations
- 16.2.8 Taxes Levied
- 16.2.9 Corporate Tax Structure
- 16.2.10 Investments
- 16.2.11 Major Companies
16.3 South America Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Specialties, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)
16.4 South America Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Type Of Funding, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)
16.5 South America Academic Research And Development Market: Country Analysis
16.6 Brazil Market
16.7 Brazil Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Specialties, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)
16.8 Brazil Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Type Of Funding, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)

17 Middle East Market

17.1 Summary
17.2 Market Overview
- 17.2.1 Region Information
- 17.2.2 Market Information
- 17.2.3 Background Information
- 17.2.4 Government Initiatives
- 17.2.5 Regulations
- 17.2.6 Regulatory Bodies
- 17.2.7 Major Associations
- 17.2.8 Taxes Levied
- 17.2.9 Corporate Tax Structure
- 17.2.10 Investments
- 17.2.11 Major Companies
17.3 Middle East Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Specialties, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)
17.4 Middle East Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Type Of Funding, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)

18 Africa Market

18.1 Summary
18.2 Market Overview
- 18.2.1 Region Information
- 18.2.2 Market Information
- 18.2.3 Background Information
- 18.2.4 Government Initiatives
- 18.2.5 Regulations
- 18.2.6 Regulatory Bodies
- 18.2.7 Major Associations
- 18.2.8 Taxes Levied
- 18.2.9 Corporate Tax Structure
- 18.2.10 Investments
- 18.2.11 Major Companies
18.3 Africa Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Specialties, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)
18.4 Africa Academic Research And Development Market, Segmentation By Type Of Funding, Historic And Forecast, 2018 - 2023, 2028F, 2033F, Value ($ Million)

19 Competitive Landscape And Company Profiles

19.1 Company Profiles
19.2 John Hopkins University
- 19.2.1 Company Overview
- 19.2.2 Products And Services
- 19.2.3 Business Strategy
- 19.2.4 Financial Overview
19.3 Stanford University
- 19.3.1 Company Overview
- 19.3.2 Products And Services
- 19.3.3 Business Strategy
- 19.3.4 Financial Overview
19.4 Bristol Myers Squibb Company
- 19.4.1 Company Overview
- 19.4.2 Products And Services
- 19.4.3 Business Strategy
- 19.4.4 Financial Overview
19.5 University of Oxford
- 19.5.1 Company Overview
- 19.5.2 Products And Services
- 19.5.3 Business Strategy
- 19.5.4 Financial Overview
19.6 Johnson & Johnson (Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development)
- 19.6.1 Company Overview
- 19.6.2 Products And Services
- 19.6.3 Business Strategy
- 19.6.4 Financial Overview

20 Other Major And Innovative Companies

20.1 F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG
- 20.1.1 Company Overview
- 20.1.2 Products And Services
20.2 Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (Labcorp)
- 20.2.1 Company Overview
- 20.2.2 Products And Services
20.3 Merck & Co Inc
- 20.3.1 Company Overview
- 20.3.2 Products And Services
20.4 Pfizer, Inc
- 20.4.1 Company Overview
- 20.4.2 Products And Services
20.5 Scripps Research
- 20.5.1 Company Overview
- 20.5.2 Products And Services
20.6 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd
- 20.6.1 Company Overview
- 20.6.2 Products And Services
20.7 Novartis AG
- 20.7.1 Company Overview
- 20.7.2 Products And Services
20.8 Harvard Medical School
- 20.8.1 Company Overview
- 20.8.2 Products And Services
20.9 Alphabet, Inc. (Google LLC)
- 20.9.1 Company Overview
- 20.9.2 Products And Services
20.10 Volkswagen AG
- 20.10.1 Company Overview
- 20.10.2 Products And Services
20.11 Toyota Motor Corp
- 20.11.1 Company Overview
- 20.11.2 Products And Services
20.12 Amazon.com Inc
- 20.12.1 Company Overview
- 20.12.2 Products And Services
20.13 Microsoft Corporation
- 20.13.1 Company Overview
- 20.13.2 Products And Services
20.14 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
- 20.14.1 Company Overview
- 20.14.2 Products And Services
20.15 Intel Corporation
- 20.15.1 Company Overview
- 20.15.2 Products And Services

21 Competitive Benchmarking

22 Competitive Dashboard

23 Key Mergers And Acquisitions

23.1 Charles River Laboratories Acquired Explora BioLabs Holdings
23.2 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. Acquired PPD, Inc.

24 Opportunities And Strategies

24.1 Global Academic Research And Development Market In 2028 - Countries Offering Most New Opportunities
24.2 Global Academic Research And Development Market In 2028 - Segments Offering Most New Opportunities
24.3 Global Academic Research And Development Market In 2028 - Growth Strategies
- 24.3.1 Market Trend Based Strategies
- 24.3.2 Competitor Strategies

25 Academic Research And Development Market, Conclusions And Recommendations

25.1 Conclusions
25.2 Recommendations
- 25.2.1 Product
- 25.2.2 Place
- 25.2.3 Price
- 25.2.4 Promotion
- 25.2.5 People

26 Appendix

26.1 Geographies Covered
26.2 Market Data Sources
26.3 Research Methodology
26.4 Currencies
26.5 The Business Research Company
26.6 Copyright and Disclaimer