PUBLISHER: The Business Research Company | PRODUCT CODE: 1588765
PUBLISHER: The Business Research Company | PRODUCT CODE: 1588765
Surety Global Market Report 2024
Surety involves a contractual agreement where a surety commits to ensuring the performance and obligations of a principal to a third party. This mechanism is designed to ensure that contractors, businesses, and individuals uphold their commitments, such as completing projects and settling debts. The surety provides assurance that the obligee will receive compensation if the principal fails to meet their contractual duties or obligations.
The principal categories of bonds in the surety market include contract surety bonds, commercial surety bonds, fidelity surety bonds, and court surety bonds. A contract surety bond specifically guarantees that a contractor will meet their contractual obligations, covering project completion and payment to subcontractors and suppliers. These bonds are applied in various contexts, including government agencies and enterprises, and are utilized by a range of end users, including businesses, contractors, construction firms, government entities, suppliers, service providers, and individuals.
The surety market research report is one of a series of new reports from The Business Research Company that provides surety market statistics, including the surety industry global market size, regional shares, competitors with surety market share, detailed surety market segments, market trends, and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the surety industry. These surety market research reports deliver a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenarios of the industry.
The surety market size has grown strongly in recent years. It will grow from $18.38 billion in 2023 to $19.62 billion in 2024 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.8%. The growth during the historical period can be attributed to several factors such as increased construction activities, expanded infrastructure development, enhanced construction industry standards, innovations within the construction sector, rising private sector investments, and the expansion of real estate development.
The surety market size is expected to see strong growth in the next few years. It will grow to $25.6 billion in 2028 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.9%. The projected growth during the forecast period can be attributed to several factors such as rising demand for construction projects, stricter government regulations, an increase in infrastructure projects, greater adoption of technology in underwriting, and a growing number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Key trends anticipated in this period include the adoption of digital platforms, advancements in risk management tools, automated underwriting processes, improvements in digital verification methods, and enhancements in fraud detection technology.
The growing use of digital payment services is expected to significantly drive the growth of the surety market. Digital payment services involve the use of electronic channels and mobile devices to facilitate online monetary transactions. The rise in smartphone usage, improved internet access, advanced security measures, and user convenience are key factors driving the adoption of digital payments. Surety services play a crucial role by providing financial guarantees that ensure the performance and reliability of service providers, protecting users from potential losses due to fraud, service disruptions, or non-compliance with contractual obligations. For example, in February 2023, the Ministry of Electronics & IT, an India-based government ministry, reported that the total value of digital transactions amounted to 8,840 crore ($1.056 billion) in 2021-2022 and reached 9,192 crore ($1.097 billion) by December 2022. This growth in digital payment usage is driving the surety market forward.
Leading companies in the surety market are focusing on developing surety insurance to enhance financial security and address the growing demand for risk management solutions. Surety insurance, or surety bonds, provides a financial guarantee that obligations will be met, offering protection and assurance to parties involved in transactions and contracts. For instance, in July 2024, ICICI Lombard, an India-based insurance company, introduced surety insurance to provide financial guarantees that ensure contractors fulfill their obligations. This new product allows for greater financial flexibility and supports larger projects by offering both conditional and unconditional options, advanced risk management, and freeing up banking lines. Its introduction is a significant development in the surety insurance market, addressing the infrastructure sector's need for effective risk mitigation and enabling businesses to secure larger, high-value contracts.
In June 2024, Core Specialty, a US-based insurance company, acquired American Surety Company for an undisclosed amount. This acquisition is intended to strengthen Core Specialty's position in specialty insurance by incorporating American Surety as its 17th business unit. The acquisition expands Core Specialty's bond, credit, and guarantee sub-segment with new product lines, such as bail bonds and commercial surety bonds, enhancing its market presence and supporting its goal of leading in the profitable surety market. American Surety is a US-based company that provides surety bonds and insurance services.
Major companies operating in the surety market are Berkshire Hathaway Specialty Insurance Company, Nationwide Financial General Agency Inc., Liberty Mutual Group, Zurich Insurance Group Ltd, Chubb Limited, The Travelers Indemnity Company, The Hartford Financial Services Group Inc., Marsh & McLennan Companies Inc, Intact Financial Corporation, QBE Insurance Group Limited, Aon plc, Everest Group Ltd, CNA Financial Corporation, Markel Corporation, Arch Capital Group Ltd, AssuredPartners Inc., Old Republic International Corporation, American Financial Group Inc., AmTrust Financial Services Inc., The Hanover Insurance Group Inc., Crum & Forster Insurance, Starr International Company Inc., Tokio Marine Holdings Inc., Allianz Trade, Aspen Insurance Holdings Limited, IAT Insurance Group Inc., EverQuote Inc., J.S. Held LLC, Prime Insurance Company Limited, American Surety Company
North America was the largest region in the surety market in 2023, and is expected to be the fastest-growing region in the forecast period. The regions covered in the surety market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, Africa.
The countries covered in the surety market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA, Canada, Italy, Spain.
The surety market includes revenues earned by entities by providing services such as issuing performance guarantees, providing bond underwriting, and payment bonds. The market value includes the value of related goods sold by the service provider or included within the service offering. Only goods and services traded between entities or sold to end consumers are included.
The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD, unless otherwise specified).
The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values that are revenues generated by organizations in the specified geography within the market, irrespective of where they are produced. It does not include revenues from resales along the supply chain, either further along the supply chain or as part of other products.
Surety Global Market Report 2024 from The Business Research Company provides strategists, marketers and senior management with the critical information they need to assess the market.
This report focuses on surety market which is experiencing strong growth. The report gives a guide to the trends which will be shaping the market over the next ten years and beyond.
Reasons to Purchase
- Gain a truly global perspective with the most comprehensive report available on this market covering 50+ geographies.
- Understand how the market has been affected by the COVID-19 and how it is responding as the impact of the virus abates.
- Assess the Russia - Ukraine war's impact on agriculture, energy and mineral commodity supply and its direct and indirect impact on the market.
- Measure the impact of high global inflation on market growth.
- Create regional and country strategies on the basis of local data and analysis.
- Identify growth segments for investment.
- Outperform competitors using forecast data and the drivers and trends shaping the market.
- Understand customers based on the latest market shares.
- Benchmark performance against key competitors.
- Suitable for supporting your internal and external presentations with reliable high quality data and analysis
- Report will be updated with the latest data and delivered to you within 3-5 working days of order along with an Excel data sheet for easy data extraction and analysis.
- All data from the report will also be delivered in an excel dashboard format.
Where is the largest and fastest growing market for surety ? How does the market relate to the overall economy, demography and other similar markets? What forces will shape the market going forward? The surety market global report from the Business Research Company answers all these questions and many more.
The report covers market characteristics, size and growth, segmentation, regional and country breakdowns, competitive landscape, market shares, trends and strategies for this market. It traces the market's historic and forecast market growth by geography.
- The market characteristics section of the report defines and explains the market.
- The market size section gives the market size ($b) covering both the historic growth of the market, and forecasting its development.
- The forecasts are made after considering the major factors currently impacting the market. These include:
The impact of sanctions, supply chain disruptions, and altered demand for goods and services due to the Russian Ukraine war, impacting various macro-economic factors and parameters in the Eastern European region and its subsequent effect on global markets.
The impact of higher inflation in many countries and the resulting spike in interest rates.
The continued but declining impact of COVID-19 on supply chains and consumption patterns.
- Market segmentations break down the market into sub markets.
- The regional and country breakdowns section gives an analysis of the market in each geography and the size of the market by geography and compares their historic and forecast growth. It covers the growth trajectory of COVID-19 for all regions, key developed countries and major emerging markets.
- The competitive landscape chapter gives a description of the competitive nature of the market, market shares, and a description of the leading companies. Key financial deals which have shaped the market in recent years are identified.
- The trends and strategies section analyses the shape of the market as it emerges from the crisis and suggests how companies can grow as the market recovers.
Scope
- Markets Covered:1) By Bond Type: Contract Surety Bond; Commercial Surety Bond; Fidelity Surety Bond; Court Surety Bond
- 2) By Application: Government Agencies; Enterprise
- 3) By End User: Businesses; Contractors; Construction Organizations; Government Agencies; Suppliers; Service Providers And Individuals
- Companies Mentioned: Berkshire Hathaway Specialty Insurance Company; Nationwide Financial General Agency Inc.; Liberty Mutual Group; Zurich Insurance Group Ltd; Chubb Limited
- Countries: Australia; Brazil; China; France; Germany; India; Indonesia; Japan; Russia; South Korea; UK; USA; Canada; Italy; Spain
- Regions: Asia-Pacific; Western Europe; Eastern Europe; North America; South America; Middle East; Africa
- Time series: Five years historic and ten years forecast.
- Data: Ratios of market size and growth to related markets, GDP proportions, expenditure per capita,
- Data segmentations: country and regional historic and forecast data, market share of competitors, market segments.
- Sourcing and Referencing: Data and analysis throughout the report is sourced using end notes.
- Delivery format: PDF, Word and Excel Data Dashboard.
Table of Contents
1. Executive Summary
2. Surety Market Characteristics
3. Surety Market Trends And Strategies
4. Surety Market - Macro Economic Scenario
- 4.1. Impact Of High Inflation On The Market
- 4.2. Ukraine-Russia War Impact On The Market
- 4.3. COVID-19 Impact On The Market
5. Global Surety Market Size and Growth
- 5.1. Global Surety Market Drivers and Restraints
- 5.1.1. Drivers Of The Market
- 5.1.2. Restraints Of The Market
- 5.2. Global Surety Historic Market Size and Growth, 2018 - 2023, Value ($ Billion)
- 5.3. Global Surety Forecast Market Size and Growth, 2023 - 2028, 2033F, Value ($ Billion)
6. Surety Market Segmentation
- 6.1. Global Surety Market, Segmentation By Bond Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- Contract Surety Bond
- Commercial Surety Bond
- Fidelity Surety Bond
- Court Surety Bond
- 6.2. Global Surety Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- Government Agencies
- Enterprise
- 6.3. Global Surety Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- Businesses
- Contractors
- Construction Organizations
- Government Agencies
- Suppliers
- Service Providers And Individuals
7. Surety Market Regional And Country Analysis
- 7.1. Global Surety Market, Split By Region, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 7.2. Global Surety Market, Split By Country, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
8. Asia-Pacific Surety Market
- 8.1. Asia-Pacific Surety Market Overview
- Region Information, Impact Of COVID-19, Market Information, Background Information, Government Initiatives, Regulations, Regulatory Bodies, Major Associations, Taxes Levied, Corporate Tax Structure, Investments, Major Companies
- 8.2. Asia-Pacific Surety Market, Segmentation By Bond Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 8.3. Asia-Pacific Surety Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 8.4. Asia-Pacific Surety Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
9. China Surety Market
- 9.1. China Surety Market Overview
- 9.2. China Surety Market, Segmentation By Bond Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion
- 9.3. China Surety Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion
- 9.4. China Surety Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion
10. India Surety Market
- 10.1. India Surety Market, Segmentation By Bond Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 10.2. India Surety Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 10.3. India Surety Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
11. Japan Surety Market
- 11.1. Japan Surety Market Overview
- 11.2. Japan Surety Market, Segmentation By Bond Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 11.3. Japan Surety Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 11.4. Japan Surety Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
12. Australia Surety Market
- 12.1. Australia Surety Market, Segmentation By Bond Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 12.2. Australia Surety Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 12.3. Australia Surety Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
13. Indonesia Surety Market
- 13.1. Indonesia Surety Market, Segmentation By Bond Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 13.2. Indonesia Surety Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 13.3. Indonesia Surety Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
14. South Korea Surety Market
- 14.1. South Korea Surety Market Overview
- 14.2. South Korea Surety Market, Segmentation By Bond Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 14.3. South Korea Surety Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 14.4. South Korea Surety Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
15. Western Europe Surety Market
- 15.1. Western Europe Surety Market Overview
- 15.2. Western Europe Surety Market, Segmentation By Bond Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 15.3. Western Europe Surety Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 15.4. Western Europe Surety Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
16. UK Surety Market
- 16.1. UK Surety Market, Segmentation By Bond Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 16.2. UK Surety Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 16.3. UK Surety Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
17. Germany Surety Market
- 17.1. Germany Surety Market, Segmentation By Bond Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 17.2. Germany Surety Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 17.3. Germany Surety Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
18. France Surety Market
- 18.1. France Surety Market, Segmentation By Bond Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 18.2. France Surety Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 18.3. France Surety Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
19. Italy Surety Market
- 19.1. Italy Surety Market, Segmentation By Bond Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 19.2. Italy Surety Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 19.3. Italy Surety Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
20. Spain Surety Market
- 20.1. Spain Surety Market, Segmentation By Bond Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 20.2. Spain Surety Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 20.3. Spain Surety Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
21. Eastern Europe Surety Market
- 21.1. Eastern Europe Surety Market Overview
- 21.2. Eastern Europe Surety Market, Segmentation By Bond Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 21.3. Eastern Europe Surety Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 21.4. Eastern Europe Surety Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
22. Russia Surety Market
- 22.1. Russia Surety Market, Segmentation By Bond Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 22.2. Russia Surety Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 22.3. Russia Surety Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
23. North America Surety Market
- 23.1. North America Surety Market Overview
- 23.2. North America Surety Market, Segmentation By Bond Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 23.3. North America Surety Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 23.4. North America Surety Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
24. USA Surety Market
- 24.1. USA Surety Market Overview
- 24.2. USA Surety Market, Segmentation By Bond Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 24.3. USA Surety Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 24.4. USA Surety Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
25. Canada Surety Market
- 25.1. Canada Surety Market Overview
- 25.2. Canada Surety Market, Segmentation By Bond Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 25.3. Canada Surety Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 25.4. Canada Surety Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
26. South America Surety Market
- 26.1. South America Surety Market Overview
- 26.2. South America Surety Market, Segmentation By Bond Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 26.3. South America Surety Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 26.4. South America Surety Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
27. Brazil Surety Market
- 27.1. Brazil Surety Market, Segmentation By Bond Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 27.2. Brazil Surety Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 27.3. Brazil Surety Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
28. Middle East Surety Market
- 28.1. Middle East Surety Market Overview
- 28.2. Middle East Surety Market, Segmentation By Bond Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 28.3. Middle East Surety Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 28.4. Middle East Surety Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
29. Africa Surety Market
- 29.1. Africa Surety Market Overview
- 29.2. Africa Surety Market, Segmentation By Bond Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 29.3. Africa Surety Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 29.4. Africa Surety Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
30. Surety Market Competitive Landscape And Company Profiles
- 30.1. Surety Market Competitive Landscape
- 30.2. Surety Market Company Profiles
- 30.2.1. Berkshire Hathaway Specialty Insurance Company
- 30.2.1.1. Overview
- 30.2.1.2. Products and Services
- 30.2.1.3. Strategy
- 30.2.1.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.2. Nationwide Financial General Agency Inc.
- 30.2.2.1. Overview
- 30.2.2.2. Products and Services
- 30.2.2.3. Strategy
- 30.2.2.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.3. Liberty Mutual Group
- 30.2.3.1. Overview
- 30.2.3.2. Products and Services
- 30.2.3.3. Strategy
- 30.2.3.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.4. Zurich Insurance Group Ltd
- 30.2.4.1. Overview
- 30.2.4.2. Products and Services
- 30.2.4.3. Strategy
- 30.2.4.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.5. Chubb Limited
- 30.2.5.1. Overview
- 30.2.5.2. Products and Services
- 30.2.5.3. Strategy
- 30.2.5.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.1. Berkshire Hathaway Specialty Insurance Company
31. Surety Market Other Major And Innovative Companies
- 31.1. The Travelers Indemnity Company
- 31.2. The Hartford Financial Services Group Inc.
- 31.3. Marsh & McLennan Companies Inc
- 31.4. Intact Financial Corporation
- 31.5. QBE Insurance Group Limited
- 31.6. Aon plc
- 31.7. Everest Group Ltd
- 31.8. CNA Financial Corporation
- 31.9. Markel Corporation
- 31.10. Arch Capital Group Ltd
- 31.11. AssuredPartners Inc.
- 31.12. Old Republic International Corporation
- 31.13. American Financial Group Inc.
- 31.14. AmTrust Financial Services Inc.
- 31.15. The Hanover Insurance Group Inc.
32. Global Surety Market Competitive Benchmarking
33. Global Surety Market Competitive Dashboard
34. Key Mergers And Acquisitions In The Surety Market
35. Surety Market Future Outlook and Potential Analysis
- 35.1 Surety Market In 2028 - Countries Offering Most New Opportunities
- 35.2 Surety Market In 2028 - Segments Offering Most New Opportunities
- 35.3 Surety Market In 2028 - Growth Strategies
- 35.3.1 Market Trend Based Strategies
- 35.3.2 Competitor Strategies
36. Appendix
- 36.1. Abbreviations
- 36.2. Currencies
- 36.3. Historic And Forecast Inflation Rates
- 36.4. Research Inquiries
- 36.5. The Business Research Company
- 36.6. Copyright And Disclaimer
