PUBLISHER: The Business Research Company | PRODUCT CODE: 1572594
PUBLISHER: The Business Research Company | PRODUCT CODE: 1572594
Retail Bags Global Market Report 2024
Retail bags are containers utilized by retailers to transport items purchased by customers. They are available in a range of materials, sizes, and designs, tailored to the store's branding and environmental factors. These bags offer customers a practical means to carry their purchased goods from the store to their homes or other locations.
Retail bags primarily come in plastic, paper, and other materials. Plastic retail bags, crafted from polyethylene and polypropylene, are valued for their durability, flexibility, and affordability. Their strength and capacity to hold a wide range of products make them a favored option for both retailers and customers. These bags come in various patterns, such as textured, printed, and solid, and are utilized by different types of businesses, including grocery stores and food services.
The retail bags market research report is one of a series of new reports from The Business Research Company that provides retail bags market statistics, including retail bags industry global market size, regional shares, competitors with a retail bags market share, detailed retail bags market segments, market trends, and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the retail bags industry. This retail bags research report delivers a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenarios of the industry.
The retail bags market size has grown strongly in recent years. It will grow from $16.84billion in 2023 to $17.98 billion in 2024 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.8%. The increase observed in the past can be linked to factors such as urbanization, a surge in tourism, a rise in home delivery services, growth in e-commerce, and an uptick in online shopping.
The retail bags market size is expected to see strong growth in the next few years. It will grow to $23.66 billion in 2028 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.1%. The anticipated growth during the forecast period is driven by the expanding retail sector, the increasing number of shopping malls, heightened awareness of waste production, a rise in supermarkets, and growing consumer expenditure. Key trends expected in this period include technological innovations, the use of biodegradable bags, eco-friendly materials, smart packaging solutions, and subscription-based models.
The growth of e-commerce is expected to drive expansion in the retail bags market moving forward. E-commerce, which involves buying and selling goods and services over the Internet, has seen significant growth due to advancements in mobile technology, digital marketing, logistics, and supply chain management. Retail bags play a crucial role in e-commerce by facilitating the packaging and delivery process, thereby enhancing customer convenience. For example, in the first quarter of 2024, U.S. retail e-commerce sales reached approximately $289.2 billion, showing a 2.1% increase (+-0.7%) from the previous quarter, according to data from the United States Census Bureau. Therefore, the rise of e-commerce is a key driver for the growth of the retail bags market.
Leading companies in the retail bags market are focusing on innovation, particularly in developing environmentally friendly products such as locally-made retail paper bags, to promote sustainability and improve product durability. Locally-made retail paper bags are crafted within specific geographic areas or communities, offering businesses an opportunity to align with sustainability goals and support local economies. For instance, Visy Industries, an Australia-based packaging and recycling company, introduced locally-made retail paper bags in February 2024. These bags are constructed from thicker paper material, ensuring enhanced strength and durability suitable for carrying heavier items without risk of tearing. They are fully recyclable through Australian curbside recycling programs, providing consumers with a convenient and eco-friendly disposal option.
In July 2021, Novolex Holdings LLC, a U.S.-based manufacturer specializing in packaging products, acquired Flexo Converters USA Inc. to broaden its product portfolio and bolster its capabilities in producing high-quality paper bags and packaging solutions. Flexo Converters USA Inc., based in the U.S., manufactures a range of paper and plastic bags, including retail bags, contributing to Novolex's strategic expansion efforts in the packaging market.
Major companies operating in the retail bags market are Flexo Converters USA, International Paper, Smurfit Kappa Group plc, Mondi Group plc, Novolex Inc., Burberry Group plc, ProAmpac Intermediate Inc., Coveris SA, Antalis Group, Atlantic Packaging, Welton Bibby and Baron Limited, BioPak Pty Ltd., EI Dorado Packaging Inc., Global-Pak Inc., Rutan Poly Industries Inc., Atlantic Poly Inc., Attwoods Packaging, GreenPack Limited, Rainbow Packaging Inc., SPP Poly Pack Pvt Ltd., The Carry Bag Company, Kiwi Office, Europages UK
North America was the largest region in the retail bags market in 2023. Asia-Pacific is expected to be the fastest-growing region in the forecast period. The regions covered in the retail bags market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, Africa.
The countries covered in the retail bags market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA, Canada, Italy, Spain.
The retail bags market consists of sales of shopping bags, gift bags, promotional bags, specialty bags, and eco-friendly bags. Values in this market are 'factory gate' values, that is the value of goods sold by the manufacturers or creators of the goods, whether to other entities (including downstream manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors and retailers) or directly to end customers. The value of goods in this market includes related services sold by the creators of the goods.
The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD, unless otherwise specified).
The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values that are revenues generated by organizations in the specified geography within the market, irrespective of where they are produced. It does not include revenues from resales along the supply chain, either further along the supply chain or as part of other products.
Retail Bags Global Market Report 2024 from The Business Research Company provides strategists, marketers and senior management with the critical information they need to assess the market.
This report focuses on retail bags market which is experiencing strong growth. The report gives a guide to the trends which will be shaping the market over the next ten years and beyond.
Reasons to Purchase
- Gain a truly global perspective with the most comprehensive report available on this market covering 50+ geographies.
- Understand how the market has been affected by the COVID-19 and how it is responding as the impact of the virus abates.
- Assess the Russia - Ukraine war's impact on agriculture, energy and mineral commodity supply and its direct and indirect impact on the market.
- Measure the impact of high global inflation on market growth.
- Create regional and country strategies on the basis of local data and analysis.
- Identify growth segments for investment.
- Outperform competitors using forecast data and the drivers and trends shaping the market.
- Understand customers based on the latest market shares.
- Benchmark performance against key competitors.
- Suitable for supporting your internal and external presentations with reliable high quality data and analysis
- Report will be updated with the latest data and delivered to you within 3-5 working days of order along with an Excel data sheet for easy data extraction and analysis.
- All data from the report will also be delivered in an excel dashboard format.
Where is the largest and fastest growing market for retail bags ? How does the market relate to the overall economy, demography and other similar markets? What forces will shape the market going forward? The retail bags market global report from the Business Research Company answers all these questions and many more.
The report covers market characteristics, size and growth, segmentation, regional and country breakdowns, competitive landscape, market shares, trends and strategies for this market. It traces the market's historic and forecast market growth by geography.
- The market characteristics section of the report defines and explains the market.
- The market size section gives the market size ($b) covering both the historic growth of the market, and forecasting its development.
- The forecasts are made after considering the major factors currently impacting the market. These include:
The impact of sanctions, supply chain disruptions, and altered demand for goods and services due to the Russian Ukraine war, impacting various macro-economic factors and parameters in the Eastern European region and its subsequent effect on global markets.
The impact of higher inflation in many countries and the resulting spike in interest rates.
The continued but declining impact of COVID-19 on supply chains and consumption patterns.
- Market segmentations break down the market into sub markets.
- The regional and country breakdowns section gives an analysis of the market in each geography and the size of the market by geography and compares their historic and forecast growth. It covers the growth trajectory of COVID-19 for all regions, key developed countries and major emerging markets.
- The competitive landscape chapter gives a description of the competitive nature of the market, market shares, and a description of the leading companies. Key financial deals which have shaped the market in recent years are identified.
- The trends and strategies section analyses the shape of the market as it emerges from the crisis and suggests how companies can grow as the market recovers.
Scope
- Markets Covered:1) By Material Type: Plastic; Paper; Other Material Types
- 2) By Pattern: Textured; Printed; Solid; Other Patterns
- 3) By End User: Grocery Stores; Food Service; Other End Users
- Companies Mentioned: Flexo Converters USA; International Paper; Smurfit Kappa Group plc; Mondi Group plc; Novolex Inc.
- Countries: Australia; Brazil; China; France; Germany; India; Indonesia; Japan; Russia; South Korea; UK; USA; Canada; Italy; Spain
- Regions: Asia-Pacific; Western Europe; Eastern Europe; North America; South America; Middle East; Africa
- Time series: Five years historic and ten years forecast.
- Data: Ratios of market size and growth to related markets, GDP proportions, expenditure per capita,
- Data segmentations: country and regional historic and forecast data, market share of competitors, market segments.
- Sourcing and Referencing: Data and analysis throughout the report is sourced using end notes.
- Delivery format: PDF, Word and Excel Data Dashboard.
Table of Contents
1. Executive Summary
2. Retail Bags Market Characteristics
3. Retail Bags Market Trends And Strategies
4. Retail Bags Market - Macro Economic Scenario
- 4.1. Impact Of High Inflation On The Market
- 4.2. Ukraine-Russia War Impact On The Market
- 4.3. COVID-19 Impact On The Market
5. Global Retail Bags Market Size and Growth
- 5.1. Global Retail Bags Market Drivers and Restraints
- 5.1.1. Drivers Of The Market
- 5.1.2. Restraints Of The Market
- 5.2. Global Retail Bags Historic Market Size and Growth, 2018 - 2023, Value ($ Billion)
- 5.3. Global Retail Bags Forecast Market Size and Growth, 2023 - 2028, 2033F, Value ($ Billion)
6. Retail Bags Market Segmentation
- 6.1. Global Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Material Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- Plastic
- Paper
- Other Material Types
- 6.2. Global Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Pattern, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- Textured
- Printed
- Solid
- Other Patterns
- 6.3. Global Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- Grocery Stores
- Food Service
- Other End Users
7. Retail Bags Market Regional And Country Analysis
- 7.1. Global Retail Bags Market, Split By Region, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 7.2. Global Retail Bags Market, Split By Country, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
8. Asia-Pacific Retail Bags Market
- 8.1. Asia-Pacific Retail Bags Market Overview
- Region Information, Impact Of COVID-19, Market Information, Background Information, Government Initiatives, Regulations, Regulatory Bodies, Major Associations, Taxes Levied, Corporate Tax Structure, Investments, Major Companies
- 8.2. Asia-Pacific Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Material Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 8.3. Asia-Pacific Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Pattern, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 8.4. Asia-Pacific Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
9. China Retail Bags Market
- 9.1. China Retail Bags Market Overview
- 9.2. China Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Material Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion
- 9.3. China Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Pattern, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion
- 9.4. China Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion
10. India Retail Bags Market
- 10.1. India Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Material Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 10.2. India Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Pattern, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 10.3. India Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
11. Japan Retail Bags Market
- 11.1. Japan Retail Bags Market Overview
- 11.2. Japan Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Material Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 11.3. Japan Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Pattern, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 11.4. Japan Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
12. Australia Retail Bags Market
- 12.1. Australia Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Material Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 12.2. Australia Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Pattern, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 12.3. Australia Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
13. Indonesia Retail Bags Market
- 13.1. Indonesia Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Material Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 13.2. Indonesia Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Pattern, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 13.3. Indonesia Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
14. South Korea Retail Bags Market
- 14.1. South Korea Retail Bags Market Overview
- 14.2. South Korea Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Material Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 14.3. South Korea Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Pattern, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 14.4. South Korea Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
15. Western Europe Retail Bags Market
- 15.1. Western Europe Retail Bags Market Overview
- 15.2. Western Europe Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Material Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 15.3. Western Europe Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Pattern, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 15.4. Western Europe Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
16. UK Retail Bags Market
- 16.1. UK Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Material Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 16.2. UK Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Pattern, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 16.3. UK Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
17. Germany Retail Bags Market
- 17.1. Germany Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Material Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 17.2. Germany Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Pattern, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 17.3. Germany Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
18. France Retail Bags Market
- 18.1. France Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Material Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 18.2. France Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Pattern, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 18.3. France Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
19. Italy Retail Bags Market
- 19.1. Italy Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Material Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 19.2. Italy Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Pattern, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 19.3. Italy Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
20. Spain Retail Bags Market
- 20.1. Spain Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Material Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 20.2. Spain Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Pattern, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 20.3. Spain Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
21. Eastern Europe Retail Bags Market
- 21.1. Eastern Europe Retail Bags Market Overview
- 21.2. Eastern Europe Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Material Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 21.3. Eastern Europe Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Pattern, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 21.4. Eastern Europe Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
22. Russia Retail Bags Market
- 22.1. Russia Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Material Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 22.2. Russia Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Pattern, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 22.3. Russia Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
23. North America Retail Bags Market
- 23.1. North America Retail Bags Market Overview
- 23.2. North America Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Material Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 23.3. North America Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Pattern, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 23.4. North America Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
24. USA Retail Bags Market
- 24.1. USA Retail Bags Market Overview
- 24.2. USA Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Material Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 24.3. USA Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Pattern, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 24.4. USA Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
25. Canada Retail Bags Market
- 25.1. Canada Retail Bags Market Overview
- 25.2. Canada Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Material Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 25.3. Canada Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Pattern, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 25.4. Canada Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
26. South America Retail Bags Market
- 26.1. South America Retail Bags Market Overview
- 26.2. South America Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Material Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 26.3. South America Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Pattern, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 26.4. South America Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
27. Brazil Retail Bags Market
- 27.1. Brazil Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Material Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 27.2. Brazil Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Pattern, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 27.3. Brazil Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
28. Middle East Retail Bags Market
- 28.1. Middle East Retail Bags Market Overview
- 28.2. Middle East Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Material Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 28.3. Middle East Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Pattern, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 28.4. Middle East Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
29. Africa Retail Bags Market
- 29.1. Africa Retail Bags Market Overview
- 29.2. Africa Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Material Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 29.3. Africa Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By Pattern, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 29.4. Africa Retail Bags Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
30. Retail Bags Market Competitive Landscape And Company Profiles
- 30.1. Retail Bags Market Competitive Landscape
- 30.2. Retail Bags Market Company Profiles
- 30.2.1. Flexo Converters USA
- 30.2.1.1. Overview
- 30.2.1.2. Products and Services
- 30.2.1.3. Strategy
- 30.2.1.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.2. International Paper
- 30.2.2.1. Overview
- 30.2.2.2. Products and Services
- 30.2.2.3. Strategy
- 30.2.2.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.3. Smurfit Kappa Group plc
- 30.2.3.1. Overview
- 30.2.3.2. Products and Services
- 30.2.3.3. Strategy
- 30.2.3.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.4. Mondi Group plc
- 30.2.4.1. Overview
- 30.2.4.2. Products and Services
- 30.2.4.3. Strategy
- 30.2.4.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.5. Novolex Inc.
- 30.2.5.1. Overview
- 30.2.5.2. Products and Services
- 30.2.5.3. Strategy
- 30.2.5.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.1. Flexo Converters USA
31. Retail Bags Market Other Major And Innovative Companies
- 31.1. Burberry Group plc
- 31.2. ProAmpac Intermediate Inc.
- 31.3. Coveris SA
- 31.4. Antalis Group
- 31.5. Atlantic Packaging
- 31.6. Welton Bibby and Baron Limited
- 31.7. BioPak Pty Ltd.
- 31.8. EI Dorado Packaging Inc.
- 31.9. Global-Pak Inc.
- 31.10. Rutan Poly Industries Inc.
- 31.11. Atlantic Poly Inc.
- 31.12. Attwoods Packaging
- 31.13. GreenPack Limited
- 31.14. Rainbow Packaging Inc.
- 31.15. SPP Poly Pack Pvt Ltd.
32. Global Retail Bags Market Competitive Benchmarking
33. Global Retail Bags Market Competitive Dashboard
34. Key Mergers And Acquisitions In The Retail Bags Market
35. Retail Bags Market Future Outlook and Potential Analysis
- 35.1 Retail Bags Market In 2028 - Countries Offering Most New Opportunities
- 35.2 Retail Bags Market In 2028 - Segments Offering Most New Opportunities
- 35.3 Retail Bags Market In 2028 - Growth Strategies
- 35.3.1 Market Trend Based Strategies
- 35.3.2 Competitor Strategies
36. Appendix
- 36.1. Abbreviations
- 36.2. Currencies
- 36.3. Historic And Forecast Inflation Rates
- 36.4. Research Inquiries
- 36.5. The Business Research Company
- 36.6. Copyright And Disclaimer
