Gemstones Global Market Report 2024

Description

Gemstones are minerals or organic materials that occur naturally and are prized for their beauty, rarity, and durability. They form through a range of geological processes over millions of years, involving high pressure, temperature, and specific chemical elements. Primarily, gemstones are used in jewelry to enhance the beauty and elegance of rings, necklaces, bracelets, and other adornments.

The gemstone market includes products such as diamonds, emeralds, rubies, sapphires, alexandrites, and topazes, among others. Diamonds are especially valued for their unmatched brilliance, durability, and timeless appeal. The products can be categorized as natural or synthetic, and they are distributed through both store-based and non-store-based channels. Gemstones are utilized by various end users, including those in astrology, jewelry and ornaments, luxury arts, and more.

The gemstones market research report is one of a series of new reports from The Business Research Company that provides gemstones market statistics, including the gemstones industry global market size, regional shares, competitors with gemstones market share, detailed gemstones market segments, market trends, and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the gemstones industry. These gemstones market research reports deliver a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenarios of the industry.

The gemstones market size has grown strongly in recent years. It will grow from $29.46 billion in 2023 to $31.32 billion in 2024 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.3%. The growth during the historic period can be attributed to increased royal patronage, heightened cultural symbolism, expanded trade routes, a surge in gemstone discoveries, advancements in jewelry craftsmanship, and shifts in fashion trends.

The gemstones market size is expected to see strong growth in the next few years. It will grow to $40.22 billion in 2028 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.4%. The growth during the forecast period can be attributed to the rising demand for sustainable and ethically sourced gems, increased popularity of personalized and custom-designed jewelry, growing use of gemstones in technological applications such as electronics, an expanding affluent consumer base in emerging markets, and evolving fashion trends. Major trends in the forecast period include the adoption of lab-grown gemstones, advancements in gemstone cutting and polishing techniques, innovations in gemstone setting methods, and new developments in jewelry products.

The growing use of ornaments is anticipated to drive the expansion of the gemstone market in the future. Ornaments, which enhance personal appearance, hold cultural significance, and symbolize social status, are becoming more popular due to rising disposable incomes, shifting fashion trends, and a growing desire for personal expression and cultural meaning in accessories. Gemstones are used in ornaments to add beauty and value to various decorative items. Their unique colors, brilliance, and rarity make them highly coveted for personal adornment and cultural representation. For example, according to the Ministry of Commerce & Industry, an Indian government agency, India's gem and jewelry exports rose by 14.07% in December 2023, reaching $2.90 billion compared to $2.54 billion in December 2022. Thus, the increasing use of ornaments is fueling the growth of the gemstone market.

Key companies in the gemstone industry are increasingly adopting artificial intelligence (AI) technology to transform various facets of the sector. AI-powered tools are improving mining, grading, cutting, and sales processes, offering significant advantages in efficiency, accuracy, and customer satisfaction. For instance, in March 2024, Star Gems, a design and manufacturing company based in Georgia, introduced three advanced AI assistants-GemArt, JewelBot, and VoiceGem-to help jewelers streamline operations and improve customer engagement. GemArt is an advanced AI tool designed to create and refine jewelry designs based on user inputs and criteria. JewelBot is an AI assistant that generates various types of jewelry-related content quickly, including sales training materials, product information, and store manuals, ensuring jewelers have access to consistent and informative content. VoiceGem addresses language barriers in the global market by providing real-time speech translation, enabling jewelers to communicate effectively with international customers, thereby enhancing customer service and expanding market reach.

In August 2021, Okwa Diamonds Pty Ltd, a joint venture based in Romania, acquired Gem Diamonds Botswana Pty Ltd (GDB) and its Ghaghoo diamond mine in central Botswana for $4 million. This acquisition also supports Botswana Diamonds' operational role, establishing a strong partnership to maximize the value and competitive position of the Ghaghoo mine in the industry. Gem Diamonds Botswana Pty Ltd (GDB) is a South Africa-based company focused on diamond mining and exploration.

Major companies operating in the gemstones market are Rio Tinto Group, Anglo American plc, Alrosa, Tiffany & Co., Debswana Diamond Company Limited, Swarovski AG, Petra Diamonds Limited, Gemfields Group Limited, Stornoway Diamond Corporation, Blue Nile Inc., Lucara Diamond Corp., Gem Diamonds Ltd., KGK Group, Rockwell Diamonds Inc., Trans Hex Group (Pty) Ltd, Fura Gems Inc., Arctic Star Exploration Corp., Jindal Gems Jaipur, Pala International Inc., Botswana Diamonds PLC, Bric Jewels Co. Ltd., Burgundy Diamond Mines Limited, Mountain Province Diamonds Inc., Pangolin Diamonds Corporation, Merlin Diamonds Limited

North America was the largest region in the gemstones market in 2023. Asia-Pacific is expected to be the fastest-growing region in the forecast period. The regions covered in the gemstones market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, Africa.

The countries covered in the gemstones market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA, Canada, Italy, Spain.

The gemstone market consists of sales of gemstone cabinet handles, gemstone clock faces, and gemstone door knobs. Values in this market are 'factory gate' values, that is, the value of goods sold by the manufacturers or creators of the goods, whether to other entities (including downstream manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors, and retailers) or directly to end customers. The value of goods in this market includes related services sold by the creators of the goods.

The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD, unless otherwise specified).

The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values that are revenues generated by organizations in the specified geography within the market, irrespective of where they are produced. It does not include revenues from resales along the supply chain, either further along the supply chain or as part of other products.

Gemstones Global Market Report 2024 from The Business Research Company provides strategists, marketers and senior management with the critical information they need to assess the market.

This report focuses on gemstones market which is experiencing strong growth. The report gives a guide to the trends which will be shaping the market over the next ten years and beyond.

Reasons to Purchase

Gain a truly global perspective with the most comprehensive report available on this market covering 50+ geographies.
Understand how the market has been affected by the COVID-19 and how it is responding as the impact of the virus abates.
Assess the Russia - Ukraine war's impact on agriculture, energy and mineral commodity supply and its direct and indirect impact on the market.
Measure the impact of high global inflation on market growth.
Create regional and country strategies on the basis of local data and analysis.
Identify growth segments for investment.
Outperform competitors using forecast data and the drivers and trends shaping the market.
Understand customers based on the latest market shares.
Benchmark performance against key competitors.
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Report will be updated with the latest data and delivered to you within 3-5 working days of order along with an Excel data sheet for easy data extraction and analysis.
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Where is the largest and fastest growing market for gemstones ? How does the market relate to the overall economy, demography and other similar markets? What forces will shape the market going forward? The gemstones market global report from the Business Research Company answers all these questions and many more.

The report covers market characteristics, size and growth, segmentation, regional and country breakdowns, competitive landscape, market shares, trends and strategies for this market. It traces the market's historic and forecast market growth by geography.

The market characteristics section of the report defines and explains the market.
The market size section gives the market size ($b) covering both the historic growth of the market, and forecasting its development.
The forecasts are made after considering the major factors currently impacting the market. These include:

The impact of sanctions, supply chain disruptions, and altered demand for goods and services due to the Russian Ukraine war, impacting various macro-economic factors and parameters in the Eastern European region and its subsequent effect on global markets.

The impact of higher inflation in many countries and the resulting spike in interest rates.

The continued but declining impact of COVID-19 on supply chains and consumption patterns.

Market segmentations break down the market into sub markets.
The regional and country breakdowns section gives an analysis of the market in each geography and the size of the market by geography and compares their historic and forecast growth. It covers the growth trajectory of COVID-19 for all regions, key developed countries and major emerging markets.
The competitive landscape chapter gives a description of the competitive nature of the market, market shares, and a description of the leading companies. Key financial deals which have shaped the market in recent years are identified.
The trends and strategies section analyses the shape of the market as it emerges from the crisis and suggests how companies can grow as the market recovers.

Scope

Markets Covered:1) By Product Type: Diamond; Emerald; Ruby; Sapphire; Alexandrite; Topaz; Other Product Types
2) By Product Format: Natural; Synthetic
3) By Distribution: Store-Based; Non-Store-Based
4) By End User: Astrology; Jewelry and Ornaments; Luxury Arts; Other End Users
Companies Mentioned: Rio Tinto Group; Anglo American plc; Alrosa; Tiffany & Co.; Debswana Diamond Company Limited
Countries: Australia; Brazil; China; France; Germany; India; Indonesia; Japan; Russia; South Korea; UK; USA; Canada; Italy; Spain
Regions: Asia-Pacific; Western Europe; Eastern Europe; North America; South America; Middle East; Africa
Time series: Five years historic and ten years forecast.
Data: Ratios of market size and growth to related markets, GDP proportions, expenditure per capita,
Data segmentations: country and regional historic and forecast data, market share of competitors, market segments.
Sourcing and Referencing: Data and analysis throughout the report is sourced using end notes.
Delivery format: PDF, Word and Excel Data Dashboard.

Product Code: r19685

1. Executive Summary

2. Gemstones Market Characteristics

3. Gemstones Market Trends And Strategies

4. Gemstones Market - Macro Economic Scenario

4.1. Impact Of High Inflation On The Market
4.2. Ukraine-Russia War Impact On The Market
4.3. COVID-19 Impact On The Market

5. Global Gemstones Market Size and Growth

5.1. Global Gemstones Market Drivers and Restraints
- 5.1.1. Drivers Of The Market
- 5.1.2. Restraints Of The Market
5.2. Global Gemstones Historic Market Size and Growth, 2018 - 2023, Value ($ Billion)
5.3. Global Gemstones Forecast Market Size and Growth, 2023 - 2028, 2033F, Value ($ Billion)

6. Gemstones Market Segmentation

6.1. Global Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
Diamond
Emerald
Ruby
Sapphire
Alexandrite
Topaz
Other Product Types
6.2. Global Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Format, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
Natural
Synthetic
6.3. Global Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Distribution, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
Store-Based
Non-Store-Based
6.4. Global Gemstones Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
Astrology
Jewelry and Ornaments
Luxury Arts
Other End Users

7. Gemstones Market Regional And Country Analysis

7.1. Global Gemstones Market, Split By Region, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
7.2. Global Gemstones Market, Split By Country, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

8. Asia-Pacific Gemstones Market

8.1. Asia-Pacific Gemstones Market Overview
Region Information, Impact Of COVID-19, Market Information, Background Information, Government Initiatives, Regulations, Regulatory Bodies, Major Associations, Taxes Levied, Corporate Tax Structure, Investments, Major Companies
8.2. Asia-Pacific Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
8.3. Asia-Pacific Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Format, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
8.4. Asia-Pacific Gemstones Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

9. China Gemstones Market

9.1. China Gemstones Market Overview
9.2. China Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion
9.3. China Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Format, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion
9.4. China Gemstones Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion

10. India Gemstones Market

10.1. India Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
10.2. India Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Format, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
10.3. India Gemstones Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

11. Japan Gemstones Market

11.1. Japan Gemstones Market Overview
11.2. Japan Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
11.3. Japan Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Format, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
11.4. Japan Gemstones Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

12. Australia Gemstones Market

12.1. Australia Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
12.2. Australia Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Format, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
12.3. Australia Gemstones Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

13. Indonesia Gemstones Market

13.1. Indonesia Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
13.2. Indonesia Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Format, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
13.3. Indonesia Gemstones Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

14. South Korea Gemstones Market

14.1. South Korea Gemstones Market Overview
14.2. South Korea Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
14.3. South Korea Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Format, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
14.4. South Korea Gemstones Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

15. Western Europe Gemstones Market

15.1. Western Europe Gemstones Market Overview
15.2. Western Europe Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
15.3. Western Europe Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Format, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
15.4. Western Europe Gemstones Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

16. UK Gemstones Market

16.1. UK Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
16.2. UK Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Format, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
16.3. UK Gemstones Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

17. Germany Gemstones Market

17.1. Germany Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
17.2. Germany Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Format, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
17.3. Germany Gemstones Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

18. France Gemstones Market

18.1. France Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
18.2. France Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Format, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
18.3. France Gemstones Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

19. Italy Gemstones Market

19.1. Italy Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
19.2. Italy Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Format, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
19.3. Italy Gemstones Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

20. Spain Gemstones Market

20.1. Spain Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
20.2. Spain Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Format, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
20.3. Spain Gemstones Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

21. Eastern Europe Gemstones Market

21.1. Eastern Europe Gemstones Market Overview
21.2. Eastern Europe Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
21.3. Eastern Europe Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Format, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
21.4. Eastern Europe Gemstones Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

22. Russia Gemstones Market

22.1. Russia Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
22.2. Russia Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Format, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
22.3. Russia Gemstones Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

23. North America Gemstones Market

23.1. North America Gemstones Market Overview
23.2. North America Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
23.3. North America Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Format, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
23.4. North America Gemstones Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

24. USA Gemstones Market

24.1. USA Gemstones Market Overview
24.2. USA Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
24.3. USA Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Format, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
24.4. USA Gemstones Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

25. Canada Gemstones Market

25.1. Canada Gemstones Market Overview
25.2. Canada Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
25.3. Canada Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Format, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
25.4. Canada Gemstones Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

26. South America Gemstones Market

26.1. South America Gemstones Market Overview
26.2. South America Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
26.3. South America Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Format, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
26.4. South America Gemstones Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

27. Brazil Gemstones Market

27.1. Brazil Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
27.2. Brazil Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Format, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
27.3. Brazil Gemstones Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

28. Middle East Gemstones Market

28.1. Middle East Gemstones Market Overview
28.2. Middle East Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
28.3. Middle East Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Format, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
28.4. Middle East Gemstones Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

29. Africa Gemstones Market

29.1. Africa Gemstones Market Overview
29.2. Africa Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
29.3. Africa Gemstones Market, Segmentation By Product Format, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
29.4. Africa Gemstones Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

30. Gemstones Market Competitive Landscape And Company Profiles

30.1. Gemstones Market Competitive Landscape
30.2. Gemstones Market Company Profiles
- 30.2.1. Rio Tinto Group
  - 30.2.1.1. Overview
  - 30.2.1.2. Products and Services
  - 30.2.1.3. Strategy
  - 30.2.1.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.2. Anglo American plc
  - 30.2.2.1. Overview
  - 30.2.2.2. Products and Services
  - 30.2.2.3. Strategy
  - 30.2.2.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.3. Alrosa
  - 30.2.3.1. Overview
  - 30.2.3.2. Products and Services
  - 30.2.3.3. Strategy
  - 30.2.3.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.4. Tiffany & Co.
  - 30.2.4.1. Overview
  - 30.2.4.2. Products and Services
  - 30.2.4.3. Strategy
  - 30.2.4.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.5. Debswana Diamond Company Limited
  - 30.2.5.1. Overview
  - 30.2.5.2. Products and Services
  - 30.2.5.3. Strategy
  - 30.2.5.4. Financial Performance

31. Gemstones Market Other Major And Innovative Companies

31.1. Swarovski AG
31.2. Petra Diamonds Limited
31.3. Gemfields Group Limited
31.4. Stornoway Diamond Corporation
31.5. Blue Nile Inc.
31.6. Lucara Diamond Corp.
31.7. Gem Diamonds Ltd.
31.8. KGK Group
31.9. Rockwell Diamonds Inc.
31.10. Trans Hex Group (Pty) Ltd
31.11. Fura Gems Inc.
31.12. Arctic Star Exploration Corp.
31.13. Jindal Gems Jaipur
31.14. Pala International Inc.
31.15. Botswana Diamonds PLC

32. Global Gemstones Market Competitive Benchmarking

33. Global Gemstones Market Competitive Dashboard

34. Key Mergers And Acquisitions In The Gemstones Market

35. Gemstones Market Future Outlook and Potential Analysis

35.1 Gemstones Market In 2028 - Countries Offering Most New Opportunities
35.2 Gemstones Market In 2028 - Segments Offering Most New Opportunities
35.3 Gemstones Market In 2028 - Growth Strategies
- 35.3.1 Market Trend Based Strategies
- 35.3.2 Competitor Strategies

36. Appendix

36.1. Abbreviations
36.2. Currencies
36.3. Historic And Forecast Inflation Rates
36.4. Research Inquiries
36.5. The Business Research Company
36.6. Copyright And Disclaimer