Mud Motors Global Market Report 2024

Description

Mud motors are specialized downhole drilling tools utilized in the oil and gas industry. These tools are designed to provide extra power to the drill bit, enabling it to penetrate tough formations more efficiently. By using the hydraulic energy of drilling fluid (mud) to rotate the drill bit, mud motors facilitate directional drilling and enhance drilling performance. They are crucial in drilling operations where conventional rotary drilling methods may be limited or ineffective.

There are two main types of mud motors positive displacement and turbine. Positive displacement motors use chambers to trap and move fluid. They come in various diameters, including less than 100 millimeters (mm), 100 millimeters (mm) to 200 millimeters (mm), and greater than 200 millimeters (mm), for applications in drilling, vertical oil and natural gas operations, boating, fishing, and other end-user sectors.

The mud motors market research report is one of a series of new reports from The Business Research Company that provides mud motors market statistics, including the mud motors industry global market size, regional shares, competitors with mud motors market share, detailed mud motors market segments, market trends, and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the mud motors industry. These mud motors market research reports deliver a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenarios of the industry.

The mud motors market size has grown strongly in recent years. It will grow from $1.68 billion in 2023 to $1.77 billion in 2024 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.6%. The growth observed during the historic period can be linked to heightened energy demands, the expansion of unconventional oil and gas extraction methods, advancements in directional drilling techniques, an increase in offshore exploration activities, improvements in well completion techniques, a higher demand for oil and gas, and regulatory pressures to reduce environmental impact.

The mud motors market size is expected to see strong growth in the next few years. It will grow to $2.21 billion in 2028 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.7%. The projected growth for the forecast period is driven by increasing demand for horizontal and directional drilling, rising energy consumption, investments in renewable energy integration, more exploration and production activities, the expanding use of geothermal energy extraction, and the development of unconventional oil and gas resources. Key trends expected in this period include advancements in directional drilling technology, innovations enhancing motor efficiency, the integration of smart technologies for real-time monitoring and performance optimization, and improvements in motor durability and performance, as well as progress in horizontal and directional drilling.

The rising demand for energy resources is anticipated to drive the growth of the mud motor market in the future. Energy resources are sources from which energy can be obtained for work, heat production, and electricity generation. Factors such as increasing population, economic development, technological advancements, improved living standards, and expanding transportation needs are elevating the demand for energy resources. Mud motors facilitate energy resource extraction by providing efficient and precise drilling capabilities in the oil and gas industry, allowing for the exploration and production of fossil fuels from complex geological formations. For instance, according to the US Energy Information Administration, the energy usage in the industrial and transportation sectors is most susceptible to changing conditions. Between 2022 and 2050, the industrial sector is expected to see energy demand growth ranging from 5% to 32%. Hence, the rising demand for energy resources is driving the growth of the mud motor market.

Leading companies in the mud motor market are developing power steering systems to enhance drilling efficiency and performance. Power steering systems in mud motors enable precise navigation and control during drilling, improving efficiency in challenging conditions. These systems use hydraulic or electric methods to help operators navigate the mud motor through various drilling scenarios. For example, in November 2021, Halliburton, a US-based oil service company, introduced the iCruise Intelligent rotary power steerable system. The iCruise X features an upgraded steering head designed for enhanced durability in varying fluid conditions and high solids content. It performs well in high-temperature settings, provides increased steering power, and has improved connections to withstand torsional oscillation and bending at tighter angles. This drilling platform is designed for extended and challenging operations, aiming to achieve accurate well positioning while minimizing drilling time.

In February 2022, Cathedral Energy Services, a Canadian drilling oil and gas wells company, acquired Discovery Downhole Services for $15.22 million. This acquisition gave Cathedral access to essential mud motor technology for directional drilling operations. Discovery Downhole Services is a US-based company specializing in high-performance mud motor technology.

Major companies operating in the mud motors market are Schlumberger Limited, Baker Hughes Company, Halliburton Company, NOV Inc., Weatherford International plc, Nabors Industries Ltd., Hunting PLC, Leam Drilling Systems, Scientific Drilling International, Leistritz Advanced Technologies Corp., Cougar Drilling Solutions, Thru Tubing Solutions, Drillmec International Private Limited, BICO Drilling Tools Inc., APS Technology Inc., Rival Downhole Tools, Black Diamond Oilfield Services, GD Energy Products, Horizontal Technology Inc., Drillmec International Private Limited, Toro Downhole Tools, Dynomax Drilling Tools Inc., SOKOL Drilling Motors and Tools, Wenzel Downhole Tools Ltd., Tartan Energy International

North America was the largest region in the mud motors market in 2023. The regions covered in the mud motors market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, Africa.

The countries covered in the mud motors market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA, Canada, Italy, Spain.

The mud motors market consists of sales of rotors and stators, bearing assemblies, drill bits, and flex shafts and couplings commonly utilized in efficient and precise drilling of wellbore. Values in this market are 'factory gate' values, that is, the value of goods sold by the manufacturers or creators of the goods, whether to other entities (including downstream manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors, and retailers) or directly to end customers. The value of goods in this market includes related services sold by the creators of the goods.

The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD, unless otherwise specified).

The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values that are revenues generated by organizations in the specified geography within the market, irrespective of where they are produced. It does not include revenues from resales along the supply chain, either further along the supply chain or as part of other products.

Mud Motors Global Market Report 2024 from The Business Research Company provides strategists, marketers and senior management with the critical information they need to assess the market.

This report focuses on mud motors market which is experiencing strong growth. The report gives a guide to the trends which will be shaping the market over the next ten years and beyond.

Reasons to Purchase

Gain a truly global perspective with the most comprehensive report available on this market covering 50+ geographies.
Understand how the market has been affected by the COVID-19 and how it is responding as the impact of the virus abates.
Assess the Russia - Ukraine war's impact on agriculture, energy and mineral commodity supply and its direct and indirect impact on the market.
Measure the impact of high global inflation on market growth.
Create regional and country strategies on the basis of local data and analysis.
Identify growth segments for investment.
Outperform competitors using forecast data and the drivers and trends shaping the market.
Understand customers based on the latest market shares.
Benchmark performance against key competitors.
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Report will be updated with the latest data and delivered to you within 3-5 working days of order along with an Excel data sheet for easy data extraction and analysis.
All data from the report will also be delivered in an excel dashboard format.

Where is the largest and fastest growing market for mud motors ? How does the market relate to the overall economy, demography and other similar markets? What forces will shape the market going forward? The mud motors market global report from the Business Research Company answers all these questions and many more.

The report covers market characteristics, size and growth, segmentation, regional and country breakdowns, competitive landscape, market shares, trends and strategies for this market. It traces the market's historic and forecast market growth by geography.

The market characteristics section of the report defines and explains the market.
The market size section gives the market size ($b) covering both the historic growth of the market, and forecasting its development.
The forecasts are made after considering the major factors currently impacting the market. These include:

The impact of sanctions, supply chain disruptions, and altered demand for goods and services due to the Russian Ukraine war, impacting various macro-economic factors and parameters in the Eastern European region and its subsequent effect on global markets.

The impact of higher inflation in many countries and the resulting spike in interest rates.

The continued but declining impact of COVID-19 on supply chains and consumption patterns.

Market segmentations break down the market into sub markets.
The regional and country breakdowns section gives an analysis of the market in each geography and the size of the market by geography and compares their historic and forecast growth. It covers the growth trajectory of COVID-19 for all regions, key developed countries and major emerging markets.
The competitive landscape chapter gives a description of the competitive nature of the market, market shares, and a description of the leading companies. Key financial deals which have shaped the market in recent years are identified.
The trends and strategies section analyses the shape of the market as it emerges from the crisis and suggests how companies can grow as the market recovers.

Scope

Markets Covered:1) By Type: Positive Displacement; Turbine
2) By Diameter: <100 millimeters (mm); 100 millimeters (mm) - 200 millimeters (mm); >200 millimeters (mm)
3) By Application: Drilling; Vertical
4) By End-User: Oil And Natural Gas; Boating And Fishing; Other End-Users
Companies Mentioned: Schlumberger Limited; Baker Hughes Company; Halliburton Company; NOV Inc.; Weatherford International plc
Countries: Australia; Brazil; China; France; Germany; India; Indonesia; Japan; Russia; South Korea; UK; USA; Canada; Italy; Spain
Regions: Asia-Pacific; Western Europe; Eastern Europe; North America; South America; Middle East; Africa
Time series: Five years historic and ten years forecast.
Data: Ratios of market size and growth to related markets, GDP proportions, expenditure per capita,
Data segmentations: country and regional historic and forecast data, market share of competitors, market segments.
Sourcing and Referencing: Data and analysis throughout the report is sourced using end notes.
Delivery format: PDF, Word and Excel Data Dashboard.

Product Code: r18676

1. Executive Summary

2. Mud Motors Market Characteristics

3. Mud Motors Market Trends And Strategies

4. Mud Motors Market - Macro Economic Scenario

4.1. Impact Of High Inflation On The Market
4.2. Ukraine-Russia War Impact On The Market
4.3. COVID-19 Impact On The Market

5. Global Mud Motors Market Size and Growth

5.1. Global Mud Motors Market Drivers and Restraints
- 5.1.1. Drivers Of The Market
- 5.1.2. Restraints Of The Market
5.2. Global Mud Motors Historic Market Size and Growth, 2018 - 2023, Value ($ Billion)
5.3. Global Mud Motors Forecast Market Size and Growth, 2023 - 2028, 2033F, Value ($ Billion)

6. Mud Motors Market Segmentation

6.1. Global Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
Positive Displacement
Turbine
6.2. Global Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Diameter, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
<100 millimeters (mm)

100 millimeters (mm) - 200 millimeters (mm)

>200 millimeters (mm)
6.3. Global Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
Drilling
Vertical
6.4. Global Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
Oil And Natural Gas
Boating And Fishing
Other End-Users

7. Mud Motors Market Regional And Country Analysis

7.1. Global Mud Motors Market, Split By Region, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
7.2. Global Mud Motors Market, Split By Country, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

8. Asia-Pacific Mud Motors Market

8.1. Asia-Pacific Mud Motors Market Overview
Region Information, Impact Of COVID-19, Market Information, Background Information, Government Initiatives, Regulations, Regulatory Bodies, Major Associations, Taxes Levied, Corporate Tax Structure, Investments, Major Companies
8.2. Asia-Pacific Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
8.3. Asia-Pacific Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
8.4. Asia-Pacific Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

9. China Mud Motors Market

9.1. China Mud Motors Market Overview
9.2. China Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion
9.3. China Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion
9.4. China Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion

10. India Mud Motors Market

10.1. India Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
10.2. India Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
10.3. India Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

11. Japan Mud Motors Market

11.1. Japan Mud Motors Market Overview
11.2. Japan Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
11.3. Japan Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
11.4. Japan Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

12. Australia Mud Motors Market

12.1. Australia Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
12.2. Australia Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
12.3. Australia Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

13. Indonesia Mud Motors Market

13.1. Indonesia Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
13.2. Indonesia Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
13.3. Indonesia Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

14. South Korea Mud Motors Market

14.1. South Korea Mud Motors Market Overview
14.2. South Korea Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
14.3. South Korea Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
14.4. South Korea Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

15. Western Europe Mud Motors Market

15.1. Western Europe Mud Motors Market Overview
15.2. Western Europe Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
15.3. Western Europe Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
15.4. Western Europe Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

16. UK Mud Motors Market

16.1. UK Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
16.2. UK Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
16.3. UK Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

17. Germany Mud Motors Market

17.1. Germany Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
17.2. Germany Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
17.3. Germany Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

18. France Mud Motors Market

18.1. France Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
18.2. France Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
18.3. France Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

19. Italy Mud Motors Market

19.1. Italy Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
19.2. Italy Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
19.3. Italy Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

20. Spain Mud Motors Market

20.1. Spain Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
20.2. Spain Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
20.3. Spain Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

21. Eastern Europe Mud Motors Market

21.1. Eastern Europe Mud Motors Market Overview
21.2. Eastern Europe Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
21.3. Eastern Europe Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
21.4. Eastern Europe Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

22. Russia Mud Motors Market

22.1. Russia Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
22.2. Russia Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
22.3. Russia Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

23. North America Mud Motors Market

23.1. North America Mud Motors Market Overview
23.2. North America Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
23.3. North America Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
23.4. North America Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

24. USA Mud Motors Market

24.1. USA Mud Motors Market Overview
24.2. USA Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
24.3. USA Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
24.4. USA Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

25. Canada Mud Motors Market

25.1. Canada Mud Motors Market Overview
25.2. Canada Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
25.3. Canada Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
25.4. Canada Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

26. South America Mud Motors Market

26.1. South America Mud Motors Market Overview
26.2. South America Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
26.3. South America Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
26.4. South America Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

27. Brazil Mud Motors Market

27.1. Brazil Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
27.2. Brazil Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
27.3. Brazil Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

28. Middle East Mud Motors Market

28.1. Middle East Mud Motors Market Overview
28.2. Middle East Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
28.3. Middle East Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
28.4. Middle East Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

29. Africa Mud Motors Market

29.1. Africa Mud Motors Market Overview
29.2. Africa Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
29.3. Africa Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
29.4. Africa Mud Motors Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

30. Mud Motors Market Competitive Landscape And Company Profiles

30.1. Mud Motors Market Competitive Landscape
30.2. Mud Motors Market Company Profiles
- 30.2.1. Schlumberger Limited
  - 30.2.1.1. Overview
  - 30.2.1.2. Products and Services
  - 30.2.1.3. Strategy
  - 30.2.1.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.2. Baker Hughes Company
  - 30.2.2.1. Overview
  - 30.2.2.2. Products and Services
  - 30.2.2.3. Strategy
  - 30.2.2.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.3. Halliburton Company
  - 30.2.3.1. Overview
  - 30.2.3.2. Products and Services
  - 30.2.3.3. Strategy
  - 30.2.3.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.4. NOV Inc.
  - 30.2.4.1. Overview
  - 30.2.4.2. Products and Services
  - 30.2.4.3. Strategy
  - 30.2.4.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.5. Weatherford International plc
  - 30.2.5.1. Overview
  - 30.2.5.2. Products and Services
  - 30.2.5.3. Strategy
  - 30.2.5.4. Financial Performance

31. Mud Motors Market Other Major And Innovative Companies

31.1. Nabors Industries Ltd.
31.2. Hunting PLC
31.3. Leam Drilling Systems
31.4. Scientific Drilling International
31.5. Leistritz Advanced Technologies Corp.
31.6. Cougar Drilling Solutions
31.7. Thru Tubing Solutions
31.8. Drillmec International Private Limited
31.9. BICO Drilling Tools Inc.
31.10. APS Technology Inc.
31.11. Rival Downhole Tools
31.12. Black Diamond Oilfield Services
31.13. GD Energy Products
31.14. Horizontal Technology Inc.
31.15. Drillmec International Private Limited

32. Global Mud Motors Market Competitive Benchmarking

33. Global Mud Motors Market Competitive Dashboard

34. Key Mergers And Acquisitions In The Mud Motors Market

35. Mud Motors Market Future Outlook and Potential Analysis

35.1 Mud Motors Market In 2028 - Countries Offering Most New Opportunities
35.2 Mud Motors Market In 2028 - Segments Offering Most New Opportunities
35.3 Mud Motors Market In 2028 - Growth Strategies
- 35.3.1 Market Trend Based Strategies
- 35.3.2 Competitor Strategies

36. Appendix

36.1. Abbreviations
36.2. Currencies
36.3. Historic And Forecast Inflation Rates
36.4. Research Inquiries
36.5. The Business Research Company
36.6. Copyright And Disclaimer