Heat Treating Global Market Report 2024

Description

Heat Treating Global Market Report 2024 from The Business Research Company provides strategists, marketers and senior management with the critical information they need to assess the market.

This report focuses on heat treating market which is experiencing strong growth. The report gives a guide to the trends which will be shaping the market over the next ten years and beyond.

Reasons to Purchase

Gain a truly global perspective with the most comprehensive report available on this market covering 50+ geographies.
Understand how the market has been affected by the coronavirus and how it is responding as the impact of the virus abates.
Assess the Russia - Ukraine war's impact on agriculture, energy and mineral commodity supply and its direct and indirect impact on the market.
Measure the impact of high global inflation on market growth.
Create regional and country strategies on the basis of local data and analysis.
Identify growth segments for investment.
Outperform competitors using forecast data and the drivers and trends shaping the market.
Understand customers based on the latest market shares.
Benchmark performance against key competitors.
Suitable for supporting your internal and external presentations with reliable high quality data and analysis
Report will be updated with the latest data and delivered to you within 3-5 working days of order along with an Excel data sheet for easy data extraction and analysis.
All data from the report will also be delivered in an excel dashboard format.

Where is the largest and fastest growing market for heat treating? How does the market relate to the overall economy, demography and other similar markets? What forces will shape the market going forward? The heat treating market global report from the Business Research Company answers all these questions and many more.

The report covers market characteristics, size and growth, segmentation, regional and country breakdowns, competitive landscape, market shares, trends and strategies for this market. It traces the market's historic and forecast market growth by geography.

Scope

Markets Covered:

1) By Material: Steel; Cast Iron; Other Material Types
2) By Equipment: Electrically Heated Furnace; Fuel-Fired Furnace; Other Equipment
3) By Process: Carburizing; Nitriding; Hardening; Tempering; Normalizing; Annealing; Other Processes
4) By End-Users: Automotive; Aerospace; Machinery; Construction; Metals; Other End-Users
Companies Mentioned: Bluewater Thermal Solutions; American Metal Treating Inc.; East-Lind Heat Treat Inc.; Pacific Metallurgical Inc.; Nabertherm GmbH
Countries: Australia; Brazil; China; France; Germany; India; Indonesia; Japan; Russia; South Korea; UK; USA; Canada; Italy; Spain
Regions: Asia-Pacific; Western Europe; Eastern Europe; North America; South America; Middle East; Africa
Time series: Five years historic and ten years forecast.
Data: Ratios of market size and growth to related markets, GDP proportions, expenditure per capita,
Data segmentations: country and regional historic and forecast data, market share of competitors, market segments.
Sourcing and Referencing: Data and analysis throughout the report is sourced using end notes.
Delivery format: PDF, Word and Excel Data Dashboard.

Executive Summary

Heat treatment is a crucial process involving the heating of metals to enhance their properties, strengthen the material, and create alloys. Heat-treated components play a vital role in the functionality of diverse applications, including automobiles, aircraft, spacecraft, computers, and heavy equipment.

The primary materials subjected to heat treatment are steel, cast iron, and various other material types. In steel, heat treatment improves properties like machining and formability while restoring the grain size in constructions. Different types of heat-treating equipment are employed, such as electrically heated furnaces, fuel-fired furnaces, and other specialized equipment. Various heat-treating processes, including carburizing, nitriding, hardening, tempering, normalizing, annealing, and more, contribute to the desired material properties. End-users benefiting from heat treatment encompass industries like automotive, aerospace, machinery, construction, metals, and others.

The heat-treating market research report is one of a series of new reports from The Business Research Company that provides heat-treating market statistics, including heat-treating industry global market size, regional shares, competitors with a heat-treating market share, detailed heat-treating market segments, market trends, and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the heat treating industry. This heat-treating market research report delivers a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenario of the industry.

The heat treating market size has grown steadily in recent years. It will grow from $103.95 billion in 2023 to $109.06 billion in 2024 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.9%. The growth in the historic period can be attributed to the expansion of the automotive industry, growth in the aerospace sector, increased demand in construction, advancements in metallurgy, and the rise in the manufacturing of industrial machinery, along with increased utilization in the energy sector.

The heat treating market size is expected to see strong growth in the next few years. It will grow to $132.87 billion in 2028 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.1%. The anticipated growth in the forecast period can be attributed to the globalization of supply chains, the adoption of advanced materials, the demand for high-temperature alloys, the expansion of the nuclear power industry, the growing adoption of metal injection molding, the rise in electric vehicle manufacturing, and advancements in computational modeling. Major trends expected in this period include the adoption of advanced heating technologies, the integration of automation and Industry 4.0 practices, advancements in quenching and cooling technologies, research and development in novel heat treating methods, and a resurgence of investment in industrial infrastructure.

The heat-treating market is poised for substantial growth, driven by the expanding automotive sector. Heat treatment plays a crucial role in the automotive industry, where it is utilized to harden aluminum body parts and reinforce engine and drivetrain components. The increasing production of automobiles globally is anticipated to fuel a heightened demand for heat treatment. Notably, in 2022, the European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA) reported a global production of 85.4 million motor vehicles, marking a 5.7% increase from the previous year. This trend is mirrored in India, where car manufacturing surged to 3.08 million units in 2021 compared to 2.43 million units in 2020. The robust demand from the automotive industry emerges as a key driver propelling the heat-treating market.

The heat-treating market is set to experience significant growth, attributed to the burgeoning construction industry. Within construction, heat treatment is employed to enhance the strength and durability of critical components, ensuring they withstand structural demands. Projections for the Canadian construction industry indicate an 8.5% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) by 2024, reaching a value of $354.9 billion USD. On a global scale, a report by Oxford Economics anticipates a 42% increase, equivalent to $4.5 trillion, in global construction output between 2020 and 2030, reaching $15.2 trillion. The escalating demand for construction activities underpins the growth of the heat-treating market.

In the heat-treating market, strategic partnerships and collaborations are emerging as key trends among major players. Companies are actively engaging in collaborative efforts to strengthen their market positions. Noteworthy collaborations include the partnership between AddUp and ECM Group, aiming to develop thermal treatment solutions for items produced through additive manufacturing. Additionally, Thermtech and Gasbarre Thermal Processing Systems joined forces to enhance capacity for heat treatment processes. These strategic alliances reflect the industry's commitment to innovation and expertise-sharing, driving advancements in heat-treating technologies.

Major companies in the heat-treating market are at the forefront of launching optimized technologies to offer sustainable and efficient alternatives for heat treatment processes. An example of this is Metso's introduction of RotarEkiln technology, an electrically powered, indirectly heated rotary kiln designed for sustainable heat treatment of advanced materials. This technology represents a green alternative to traditional fuel-powered kilns, featuring modular heating sections for precise temperature control and simplified maintenance. Metso's RotarEkiln technology exemplifies the industry's commitment to innovation, providing a customizable and environmentally friendly solution for advanced materials heat treatment.

In September 2021, Alloy Engineering, a prominent US-based manufacturer specializing in high-quality alloy equipment for the metal and mining sectors, successfully acquired Thermcraft Inc. The financial details of the transaction remain undisclosed. This strategic acquisition aligns with Alloy Engineering's broader objective of expanding its product offerings, particularly in the high-temperature product line. Thermcraft Inc., a reputable US-based manufacturer of thermal processing equipment, now becomes an integral part of Alloy Engineering's strategic plan for growth and diversification.

Major companies operating in the heat treating market report are Bluewater Thermal Solutions, American Metal Treating Inc., East-Lind Heat Treat Inc., Pacific Metallurgical Inc., Nabertherm GmbH, Unitherm Engineers Limited, Peters' Heat Treating Inc., Shanghai University Heat-treatment Co. Ltd., Thermax Limited, Uddeholm Canada, Ajax TOCCO International Ltd., Solar Atmospheres, Metcor Inc., Specialty Steel Treating, NITREX.COM, Industrial Steel Treating Company Inc., Foresight Finishing LLC, Queen City Steel Treating Co., S.M. Engineering & Heat Treating Inc., General Metal Heat Treating Inc., Scarrott Metallurgical Company, Circle City Heat Treating Inc., Metlab Corporation, Thermotech Refractory Contractors, Superior Heat Treat LLC, Bodycote PLC, Metal Heat Co. Ltd., ONEX Corp., Paulo Thermal Processing, and Advanced Heat Treat Corp.

Asia-Pacific was the largest region in the heat-treating market share in 2023. The regions covered in the heat treating market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, Africa.

The countries covered in the heat treating market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA, Canada, Italy, Spain.

The heat treatment market consists of revenues earned by entities by provide heat treatment products and services that are used to alter a material's physical characteristics. The market value includes the value of related goods sold by the service provider or included within the service offering. The heat treatment market also includes the sales of furnaces, burners, hardening equipment, and cryostats. Values in this market are 'factory gate' values, that is the value of goods sold by the manufacturers or creators of the goods, whether to other entities (including downstream manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors, and retailers) or directly to end customers. The value of goods in this market includes related services sold by the creators of the goods.

The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD, unless otherwise specified).

The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values that are revenues generated by organizations in the specified geography within the market, irrespective of where they are produced. It does not include revenues from resales along the supply chain, either further along the supply chain or as part of other products.

Product Code: r12761

1. Executive Summary

2. Heat Treating Market Characteristics

3. Heat Treating Market Trends And Strategies

4. Heat Treating Market - Macro Economic Scenario

4.1. Impact Of High Inflation On The Market
4.2. Ukraine-Russia War Impact On The Market
4.3. COVID-19 Impact On The Market

5. Global Heat Treating Market Size and Growth

5.1. Global Heat Treating Market Drivers and Restraints
- 5.1.1. Drivers Of The Market
- 5.1.2. Restraints Of The Market
5.2. Global Heat Treating Historic Market Size and Growth, 2018 - 2023, Value ($ Billion)
5.3. Global Heat Treating Forecast Market Size and Growth, 2023 - 2028, 2033F, Value ($ Billion)

6. Heat Treating Market Segmentation

6.1. Global Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
Steel
Cast Iron
Other Material Types
6.2. Global Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Equipment, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
Electrically Heated Furnace
Fuel-Fired Furnace
Other Equipment
6.3. Global Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Process, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
Carburizing
Nitriding
Hardening
Tempering
Normalizing
Annealing
Other Processes
6.4. Global Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By End-Users, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
Automotive
Aerospace
Machinery
Construction
Metals
Other End-Users

7. Heat Treating Market Regional And Country Analysis

7.1. Global Heat Treating Market, Split By Region, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
7.2. Global Heat Treating Market, Split By Country, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

8. Asia-Pacific Heat Treating Market

8.1. Asia-Pacific Heat Treating Market Overview
Region Information, Impact Of COVID-19, Market Information, Background Information, Government Initiatives, Regulations, Regulatory Bodies, Major Associations, Taxes Levied, Corporate Tax Structure, Investments, Major Companies
8.2. Asia-Pacific Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
8.3. Asia-Pacific Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Process, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
8.4. Asia-Pacific Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By End-Users, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

9. China Heat Treating Market

9.1. China Heat Treating Market Overview
9.2. China Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion
9.3. China Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Process, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion
9.4. China Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By End-Users, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion

10. India Heat Treating Market

10.1. India Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
10.2. India Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Process, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
10.3. India Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By End-Users, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

11. Japan Heat Treating Market

11.1. Japan Heat Treating Market Overview
11.2. Japan Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
11.3. Japan Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Process, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
11.4. Japan Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By End-Users, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

12. Australia Heat Treating Market

12.1. Australia Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
12.2. Australia Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Process, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
12.3. Australia Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By End-Users, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

13. Indonesia Heat Treating Market

13.1. Indonesia Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
13.2. Indonesia Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Process, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
13.3. Indonesia Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By End-Users, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

14. South Korea Heat Treating Market

14.1. South Korea Heat Treating Market Overview
14.2. South Korea Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
14.3. South Korea Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Process, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
14.4. South Korea Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By End-Users, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

15. Western Europe Heat Treating Market

15.1. Western Europe Heat Treating Market Overview
15.2. Western Europe Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
15.3. Western Europe Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Process, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
15.4. Western Europe Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By End-Users, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

16. UK Heat Treating Market

16.1. UK Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
16.2. UK Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Process, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
16.3. UK Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By End-Users, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

17. Germany Heat Treating Market

17.1. Germany Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
17.2. Germany Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Process, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
17.3. Germany Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By End-Users, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

18. France Heat Treating Market

18.1. France Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
18.2. France Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Process, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
18.3. France Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By End-Users, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

19. Italy Heat Treating Market

19.1. Italy Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
19.2. Italy Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Process, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
19.3. Italy Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By End-Users, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

20. Spain Heat Treating Market

20.1. Spain Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
20.2. Spain Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Process, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
20.3. Spain Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By End-Users, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

21. Eastern Europe Heat Treating Market

21.1. Eastern Europe Heat Treating Market Overview
21.2. Eastern Europe Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
21.3. Eastern Europe Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Process, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
21.4. Eastern Europe Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By End-Users, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

22. Russia Heat Treating Market

22.1. Russia Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
22.2. Russia Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Process, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
22.3. Russia Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By End-Users, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

23. North America Heat Treating Market

23.1. North America Heat Treating Market Overview
23.2. North America Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
23.3. North America Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Process, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
23.4. North America Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By End-Users, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

24. USA Heat Treating Market

24.1. USA Heat Treating Market Overview
24.2. USA Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
24.3. USA Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Process, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
24.4. USA Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By End-Users, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

25. Canada Heat Treating Market

25.1. Canada Heat Treating Market Overview
25.2. Canada Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
25.3. Canada Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Process, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
25.4. Canada Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By End-Users, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

26. South America Heat Treating Market

26.1. South America Heat Treating Market Overview
26.2. South America Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
26.3. South America Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Process, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
26.4. South America Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By End-Users, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

27. Brazil Heat Treating Market

27.1. Brazil Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
27.2. Brazil Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Process, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
27.3. Brazil Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By End-Users, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

28. Middle East Heat Treating Market

28.1. Middle East Heat Treating Market Overview
28.2. Middle East Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
28.3. Middle East Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Process, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
28.4. Middle East Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By End-Users, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

29. Africa Heat Treating Market

29.1. Africa Heat Treating Market Overview
29.2. Africa Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
29.3. Africa Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By Process, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
29.4. Africa Heat Treating Market, Segmentation By End-Users, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

30. Heat Treating Market Competitive Landscape And Company Profiles

30.1. Heat Treating Market Competitive Landscape
30.2. Heat Treating Market Company Profiles
- 30.2.1. Bluewater Thermal Solutions
  - 30.2.1.1. Overview
  - 30.2.1.2. Products and Services
  - 30.2.1.3. Strategy
  - 30.2.1.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.2. American Metal Treating Inc.
  - 30.2.2.1. Overview
  - 30.2.2.2. Products and Services
  - 30.2.2.3. Strategy
  - 30.2.2.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.3. East-Lind Heat Treat Inc.
  - 30.2.3.1. Overview
  - 30.2.3.2. Products and Services
  - 30.2.3.3. Strategy
  - 30.2.3.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.4. Pacific Metallurgical Inc.
  - 30.2.4.1. Overview
  - 30.2.4.2. Products and Services
  - 30.2.4.3. Strategy
  - 30.2.4.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.5. Nabertherm GmbH
  - 30.2.5.1. Overview
  - 30.2.5.2. Products and Services
  - 30.2.5.3. Strategy
  - 30.2.5.4. Financial Performance

31. Global Heat Treating Market Competitive Benchmarking

32. Global Heat Treating Market Competitive Dashboard

33. Key Mergers And Acquisitions In The Heat Treating Market

34. Heat Treating Market Future Outlook and Potential Analysis

34.1 Heat Treating Market In 2028 - Countries Offering Most New Opportunities
34.2 Heat Treating Market In 2028 - Segments Offering Most New Opportunities
34.3 Heat Treating Market In 2028 - Growth Strategies
- 34.3.1 Market Trend Based Strategies
- 34.3.2 Competitor Strategies

35. Appendix

35.1. Abbreviations
35.2. Currencies
35.3. Historic And Forecast Inflation Rates
35.4. Research Inquiries
35.5. The Business Research Company
35.6. Copyright And Disclaimer