PUBLISHER: Stratistics Market Research Consulting | PRODUCT CODE: 1462736
PUBLISHER: Stratistics Market Research Consulting | PRODUCT CODE: 1462736
Protective Relay Market Forecasts to 2030 - Global Analysis By Voltage (Low voltage, Medium voltage and High voltage), Operating Mechanism (Electromechanical Relays, Static Relays and Digital/Numerical Relays), Application, End User and By Geography
According to Stratistics MRC, the Global Protective Relay Market is accounted for $2.5 billion in 2023 and is expected to reach $4.20 billion by 2030 growing at a CAGR of 7.7% during the forecast period. Protective relays are devices used in electrical systems to detect abnormalities such as over current, overvoltage, under frequency, and other faults that could lead to equipment damage or system failure. They work by continuously monitoring electrical parameters and initiating corrective actions, such as isolating faulty sections or tripping circuit breakers, to prevent further damage or hazards. Their swift and precise response helps mitigate risks, ensuring the reliability and safety of electrical networks in various industrial, commercial, and residential settings.
According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the global electricity demand is anticipated to witness a Y-o-Y change of 938 TWh in 2025, compared to 859 TWh in 2024.
Market Dynamics:
Driver:
Rising demand for electricity
As global populations grow, urbanization expands, and industrial activities increase, there's a corresponding surge in the demand for electrical power across various sectors. This escalating demand necessitates the expansion, upgrading, and modernization of electrical infrastructure, driving the adoption of protective relay systems. Protective relays play a pivotal role in ensuring the reliable and safe operation of electrical grids by detecting and responding to faults, overloads, and other abnormalities. Therefore, rising demand for electricity is a significant factor driving market demand.
Restraint:
High initial cost
Protective relays, especially those equipped with advanced features and digital capabilities, often require substantial upfront investments for procurement, installation, and integration into existing infrastructure. These costs stem from various factors, including the complexity of the technology involved, the need for specialized equipment and components, and the expenses associated with engineering, testing, and commissioning. As a result, a high initial cost is a significant factor limiting market expansion.
Opportunity:
Grid modernization initiative
The grid modernization initiative is a significant driver in the protective relay market, propelling the adoption of advanced protective relay systems to support the transformation of electrical grids into smarter, more efficient, and more resilient networks. Protective relays play a crucial role in grid modernization by ensuring the stability, reliability, and safety of modernized electrical grids. Additionally, they provide essential protection against faults, overloads, and disturbances, enabling utilities to maintain system integrity and prevent cascading failures.
Threat:
Lack of skilled workforce
Protective relays are complex devices that require specialized knowledge in electrical engineering, power systems, and digital technology for their installation, configuration, and troubleshooting. The shortage of qualified personnel with expertise in protective relaying can lead to several challenges. It results in delays in project implementation and commissioning as there may not be enough skilled workers available to carry out the necessary tasks. These factors hinder the market's growth.
Covid-19 Impact
The COVID-19 pandemic had a notable impact on the protective relay market. The economic uncertainty resulting from the pandemic prompted some utilities and industries to defer capital expenditures and postpone infrastructure projects, including upgrades or replacements of protective relay systems. However, the pandemic also accelerated certain trends in the protective relay market, such as the adoption of remote monitoring and maintenance solutions.
The digital/numerical relays segment is expected to be the largest during the forecast period
The digital/numerical relays segment is estimated to hold the largest share. Digital relays utilize microprocessor-based technology to provide enhanced accuracy, flexibility, and reliability in protecting electrical systems. Their advanced digital processing capabilities enable them to detect and respond to various faults and abnormalities with greater sensitivity and speed compared to their predecessors. Furthermore, digital relays offer a wide range of protective functions, including over current, overvoltage, under frequency, distance, differential, and more, all programmable and configurable to suit specific system requirements.
The utilities segment is expected to have the highest CAGR during the forecast period
The utilities segment is anticipated to have lucrative growth during the forecast period. Utilities rely on protective relays to safeguard their electrical systems from faults, overloads, and other abnormalities that could disrupt service, damage equipment, or compromise safety. Protective relays serve as the frontline defense, detecting and isolating faults swiftly to prevent cascading failures and blackouts. They help utilities maintain system reliability, minimize downtime, and ensure continuity of service to customers.
Region with largest share:
Asia Pacific commanded the largest market share during the extrapolated period owing to rapid industrialization, urbanization, and infrastructural developments. Increasing investments in renewable energy projects across the region have propelled the demand for protective relays to ensure grid stability and seamless integration of renewable sources. Additionally, stringent regulations pertaining to grid reliability and safety standards have encouraged the adoption of advanced protective relay technologies in the region.
Region with highest CAGR:
North America is expected to witness profitable growth over the projection period due to region's robust industrial infrastructure, coupled with stringent regulatory standards for power system reliability and safety. The region's emphasis on grid modernization and smart grid initiatives has spurred the deployment of digital relays equipped with communication capabilities, enabling real-time monitoring, data analytics, and remote control functionalities.
Key players in the market
Some of the key players in the Protective Relay Market include Siemens AG, Schneider Electric, THYEAST Protection Relays Co., Eaton Corporation Plc, The International Electrical Products Company, Toshiba Corporation, Mitsubishi Electric Corp., Fanox Electronics, ABB Ltd., Doble Engineering Company, General Electric and NR Electric.
Key Developments:
In October 2023, Siemens and Microsoft partner to drive cross-industry AI adoption. As a first step, the companies are introducing Siemens Industrial Copilot, an AI-powered jointly developed assistant aimed at improving human-machine collaboration in manufacturing.
In April 2023, Siemens and IBM announced they are expanding their long-term partnership by collaborating to develop a combined software solution integrating their respective offerings for systems engineering, service lifecycle management and asset management.
In June 2022, Eaton, the intelligent power management company collaborated with Microsoft to accelerate applications of Energy Aware uninterruptible power system (UPS) technology in key segments worldwide.
Voltages Covered:
- Low voltage
- Medium voltage
- High voltage
Operating Mechanisms Covered:
- Electromechanical Relays
- Static Relays
- Digital/Numerical Relays
Applications Covered:
- Generator Protection
- Capacitor Bank Protection
- Feeder Protection
- Bus-Bar Protection
- Transformer Protection
- Breaker Protection
- Other Applications
End Users Covered:
- Industrial
- Utilities
- Railways
- Other End Users
Regions Covered:
- North America
- US
- Canada
- Mexico
- Europe
- Germany
- UK
- Italy
- France
- Spain
- Rest of Europe
- Asia Pacific
- Japan
- China
- India
- Australia
- New Zealand
- South Korea
- Rest of Asia Pacific
- South America
- Argentina
- Brazil
- Chile
- Rest of South America
- Middle East & Africa
- Saudi Arabia
- UAE
- Qatar
- South Africa
- Rest of Middle East & Africa
What our report offers:
- Market share assessments for the regional and country-level segments
- Strategic recommendations for the new entrants
- Covers Market data for the years 2021, 2022, 2023, 2026, and 2030
- Market Trends (Drivers, Constraints, Opportunities, Threats, Challenges, Investment Opportunities, and recommendations)
- Strategic recommendations in key business segments based on the market estimations
- Competitive landscaping mapping the key common trends
- Company profiling with detailed strategies, financials, and recent developments
- Supply chain trends mapping the latest technological advancements
Free Customization Offerings:
All the customers of this report will be entitled to receive one of the following free customization options:
- Company Profiling
- Comprehensive profiling of additional market players (up to 3)
- SWOT Analysis of key players (up to 3)
- Regional Segmentation
- Market estimations, Forecasts and CAGR of any prominent country as per the client's interest (Note: Depends on feasibility check)
- Competitive Benchmarking
- Benchmarking of key players based on product portfolio, geographical presence, and strategic alliances
Table of Contents
1 Executive Summary
2 Preface
- 2.1 Abstract
- 2.2 Stake Holders
- 2.3 Research Scope
- 2.4 Research Methodology
- 2.4.1 Data Mining
- 2.4.2 Data Analysis
- 2.4.3 Data Validation
- 2.4.4 Research Approach
- 2.5 Research Sources
- 2.5.1 Primary Research Sources
- 2.5.2 Secondary Research Sources
- 2.5.3 Assumptions
3 Market Trend Analysis
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Drivers
- 3.3 Restraints
- 3.4 Opportunities
- 3.5 Threats
- 3.6 Application Analysis
- 3.7 End User Analysis
- 3.8 Emerging Markets
- 3.9 Impact of Covid-19
4 Porters Five Force Analysis
- 4.1 Bargaining power of suppliers
- 4.2 Bargaining power of buyers
- 4.3 Threat of substitutes
- 4.4 Threat of new entrants
- 4.5 Competitive rivalry
5 Global Protective Relay Market, By Voltage
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Low voltage
- 5.3 Medium voltage
- 5.4 High voltage
6 Global Protective Relay Market, By Operating Mechanism
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Electromechanical Relays
- 6.3 Static Relays
- 6.4 Digital/Numerical Relays
7 Global Protective Relay Market, By Application
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Generator Protection
- 7.3 Capacitor Bank Protection
- 7.4 Feeder Protection
- 7.5 Bus-Bar Protection
- 7.6 Transformer Protection
- 7.7 Breaker Protection
- 7.8 Other Applications
8 Global Protective Relay Market, By End User
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Industrial
- 8.3 Utilities
- 8.4 Railways
- 8.5 Other End Users
9 Global Protective Relay Market, By Geography
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 North America
- 9.2.1 US
- 9.2.2 Canada
- 9.2.3 Mexico
- 9.3 Europe
- 9.3.1 Germany
- 9.3.2 UK
- 9.3.3 Italy
- 9.3.4 France
- 9.3.5 Spain
- 9.3.6 Rest of Europe
- 9.4 Asia Pacific
- 9.4.1 Japan
- 9.4.2 China
- 9.4.3 India
- 9.4.4 Australia
- 9.4.5 New Zealand
- 9.4.6 South Korea
- 9.4.7 Rest of Asia Pacific
- 9.5 South America
- 9.5.1 Argentina
- 9.5.2 Brazil
- 9.5.3 Chile
- 9.5.4 Rest of South America
- 9.6 Middle East & Africa
- 9.6.1 Saudi Arabia
- 9.6.2 UAE
- 9.6.3 Qatar
- 9.6.4 South Africa
- 9.6.5 Rest of Middle East & Africa
10 Key Developments
- 10.1 Agreements, Partnerships, Collaborations and Joint Ventures
- 10.2 Acquisitions & Mergers
- 10.3 New Product Launch
- 10.4 Expansions
- 10.5 Other Key Strategies
11 Company Profiling
- 11.1 Siemens AG
- 11.2 Schneider Electric
- 11.3 THYEAST Protection Relays Co.
- 11.4 Eaton Corporation Plc
- 11.5 The International Electrical Products Company
- 11.6 Toshiba Corporation
- 11.7 Mitsubishi Electric Corp.
- 11.8 Fanox Electronics
- 11.9 ABB Ltd.
- 11.10 Doble Engineering Company
- 11.11 General Electric
- 11.12 NR Electric
List of Tables
- Table 1 Global Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Region (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 2 Global Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Voltage (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 3 Global Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Low voltage (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 4 Global Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Medium voltage (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 5 Global Protective Relay Market Outlook, By High voltage (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 6 Global Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Operating Mechanism (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 7 Global Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Electromechanical Relays (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 8 Global Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Static Relays (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 9 Global Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Digital/Numerical Relays (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 10 Global Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Application (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 11 Global Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Generator Protection (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 12 Global Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Capacitor Bank Protection (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 13 Global Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Feeder Protection (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 14 Global Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Bus-Bar Protection (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 15 Global Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Transformer Protection (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 16 Global Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Breaker Protection (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 17 Global Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Other Applications (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 18 Global Protective Relay Market Outlook, By End User (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 19 Global Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Industrial (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 20 Global Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Utilities (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 21 Global Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Railways (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 22 Global Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Other End Users (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 23 North America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Country (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 24 North America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Voltage (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 25 North America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Low voltage (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 26 North America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Medium voltage (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 27 North America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By High voltage (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 28 North America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Operating Mechanism (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 29 North America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Electromechanical Relays (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 30 North America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Static Relays (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 31 North America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Digital/Numerical Relays (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 32 North America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Application (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 33 North America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Generator Protection (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 34 North America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Capacitor Bank Protection (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 35 North America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Feeder Protection (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 36 North America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Bus-Bar Protection (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 37 North America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Transformer Protection (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 38 North America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Breaker Protection (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 39 North America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Other Applications (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 40 North America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By End User (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 41 North America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Industrial (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 42 North America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Utilities (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 43 North America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Railways (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 44 North America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Other End Users (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 45 Europe Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Country (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 46 Europe Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Voltage (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 47 Europe Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Low voltage (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 48 Europe Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Medium voltage (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 49 Europe Protective Relay Market Outlook, By High voltage (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 50 Europe Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Operating Mechanism (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 51 Europe Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Electromechanical Relays (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 52 Europe Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Static Relays (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 53 Europe Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Digital/Numerical Relays (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 54 Europe Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Application (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 55 Europe Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Generator Protection (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 56 Europe Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Capacitor Bank Protection (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 57 Europe Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Feeder Protection (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 58 Europe Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Bus-Bar Protection (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 59 Europe Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Transformer Protection (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 60 Europe Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Breaker Protection (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 61 Europe Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Other Applications (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 62 Europe Protective Relay Market Outlook, By End User (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 63 Europe Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Industrial (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 64 Europe Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Utilities (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 65 Europe Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Railways (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 66 Europe Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Other End Users (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 67 Asia Pacific Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Country (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 68 Asia Pacific Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Voltage (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 69 Asia Pacific Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Low voltage (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 70 Asia Pacific Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Medium voltage (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 71 Asia Pacific Protective Relay Market Outlook, By High voltage (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 72 Asia Pacific Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Operating Mechanism (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 73 Asia Pacific Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Electromechanical Relays (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 74 Asia Pacific Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Static Relays (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 75 Asia Pacific Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Digital/Numerical Relays (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 76 Asia Pacific Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Application (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 77 Asia Pacific Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Generator Protection (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 78 Asia Pacific Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Capacitor Bank Protection (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 79 Asia Pacific Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Feeder Protection (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 80 Asia Pacific Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Bus-Bar Protection (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 81 Asia Pacific Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Transformer Protection (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 82 Asia Pacific Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Breaker Protection (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 83 Asia Pacific Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Other Applications (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 84 Asia Pacific Protective Relay Market Outlook, By End User (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 85 Asia Pacific Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Industrial (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 86 Asia Pacific Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Utilities (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 87 Asia Pacific Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Railways (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 88 Asia Pacific Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Other End Users (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 89 South America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Country (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 90 South America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Voltage (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 91 South America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Low voltage (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 92 South America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Medium voltage (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 93 South America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By High voltage (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 94 South America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Operating Mechanism (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 95 South America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Electromechanical Relays (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 96 South America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Static Relays (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 97 South America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Digital/Numerical Relays (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 98 South America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Application (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 99 South America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Generator Protection (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 100 South America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Capacitor Bank Protection (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 101 South America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Feeder Protection (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 102 South America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Bus-Bar Protection (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 103 South America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Transformer Protection (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 104 South America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Breaker Protection (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 105 South America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Other Applications (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 106 South America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By End User (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 107 South America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Industrial (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 108 South America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Utilities (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 109 South America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Railways (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 110 South America Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Other End Users (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 111 Middle East & Africa Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Country (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 112 Middle East & Africa Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Voltage (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 113 Middle East & Africa Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Low voltage (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 114 Middle East & Africa Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Medium voltage (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 115 Middle East & Africa Protective Relay Market Outlook, By High voltage (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 116 Middle East & Africa Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Operating Mechanism (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 117 Middle East & Africa Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Electromechanical Relays (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 118 Middle East & Africa Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Static Relays (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 119 Middle East & Africa Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Digital/Numerical Relays (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 120 Middle East & Africa Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Application (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 121 Middle East & Africa Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Generator Protection (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 122 Middle East & Africa Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Capacitor Bank Protection (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 123 Middle East & Africa Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Feeder Protection (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 124 Middle East & Africa Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Bus-Bar Protection (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 125 Middle East & Africa Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Transformer Protection (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 126 Middle East & Africa Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Breaker Protection (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 127 Middle East & Africa Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Other Applications (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 128 Middle East & Africa Protective Relay Market Outlook, By End User (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 129 Middle East & Africa Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Industrial (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 130 Middle East & Africa Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Utilities (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 131 Middle East & Africa Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Railways (2021-2030) ($MN)
- Table 132 Middle East & Africa Protective Relay Market Outlook, By Other End Users (2021-2030) ($MN)
