PUBLISHER: Stratistics Market Research Consulting | PRODUCT CODE: 1284061
PUBLISHER: Stratistics Market Research Consulting | PRODUCT CODE: 1284061
Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Forecasts to 2028 - Global Analysis By Equipment, By Application, By End User and By Geography
According to Stratistics MRC, the Global Plant Genotyping Equipment Market is accounted for $755.6 million in 2022 and is expected to reach $1483.4 million by 2028 growing at a CAGR of 11.9% during the forecast period. Plant genotyping is the technique used to determine genetic variances by comparing the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence of a sample or reference to a specified sequence. In order to develop plants with a high nutritional content and endurance to diseases and environmental stress, next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology is used. It aids in the research of species diversity and evolution, seed purity and germplasm characterization, and marker-assisted selection (MAS).
Market Dynamics:
Driver:
Rise in population
Due to the increasing number of people in the environment, demand for agriculture is rising quickly. In order to cope with the growing demand for food security around the globe, high-yielding crops must be developed. In order to ensure steady and increased crop production, it is essential to increase plants' tolerance of and adaptation to different adverse situations. This demands knowledge of both the genetic qualities linked to complex plant properties and the ways in which various environmental conditions affect these traits.
Restraint:
Decrease in agricultural productivity and diminishing farmland
One of the slogans of the twenty-first century is to increase agricultural yield and productivity in response to climate change for food and feed. However, biotic and abiotic stresses are causing agricultural productivity to decline. From 7 billion to 12.3 billion individuals are expected to reside on Earth in this century. Food security around the world is significantly impacted by factors such as decreased agricultural yield and productivity due to water scarcity, diminishing farmland due to environmental change, pollution, the appearance of unique illnesses, pests and climate change.
Opportunity:
Increasing use of modern technologies in agriculture
The major expansion of biotechnology in the agriculture sector is the primary factor driving the world market. Modern methods may alter the agricultural industry's structural foundation as agriculture biotechnology develops. One of the major consequences of genetic engineering techniques is the genotyping of changed crops, which has strong promises to produce new genetic features in plants that could express insect resistance, pest resistance, and high nutrient value. Genotyping has the ability to considerably advance agricultural innovation by bringing about dramatic social change, ensuring food security, sustainable agriculture, and high crop yields. Moreover, rising global population levels and increased funding for research and development of new technologies related to sophisticated sequencing techniques also support market growth.
Threat:
Difficulties in locating SNPs
Although a variety of complexity reduction techniques are being developed to generate data from NGS platforms, polyploid crop species like potatoes, tobacco, cotton, canola, and wheat frequently make it challenging to locate candidate SNPs. In diploid species, minor allele frequency could be utilized as a broad indicator of potential SNPs. However, individuals frequently discover polymorphic loci within a single genotype in polyploid crops as a result of the presence of homologous loci from distinct subgenomes or paralogous loci from duplicated regions of the genome.
COVID-19 Impact:
The global plant genotyping market has been significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The supply chain for genotyping equipment was disrupted during the pandemic due to travel restrictions enforced by authorities throughout the world. Additionally, the plant genotyping lab was temporarily shut down as a result of the lockdown, which is damaging equipment demand. The unexpected COVID-19 pandemic outbreak caused the imposition of strict lockdown measures across a variety of nations, which had a severe influence on overall agriculture demand by temporarily halting various agricultural activities and creating labor scarcity.
The SNP genotyping equipment segment is expected to be the largest during the forecast period
The SNP genotyping equipment segment hold the largest market share in 2021 and is expected to dominate the market throughout the projection period. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), which can exist throughout the entire genome at varying frequencies in different species, is primarily responsible for genetic variability among the members of the species. The color of various plants or fruits, ripening, flowering time adaptability, crop quality, grain yield, or tolerance to various abiotic and biotic variables are only a few phenotypic characteristics that might vary between individuals due to SNPs. Additionally, it could change the amino acids in a gene's exon. The rapid growth of sequence technology, including SNP genotyping and genome sequencing, has resulted in the development of new and effective methods for mapping complex features and identifying the genes responsible for this complexity. This equipment is becoming more common in plant genetics and product development.
The laboratory segment is expected to have the highest CAGR during the forecast period
Due to the recent sharp rise in the number of research laboratories adopting plant genotyping for investigating various applied and basic features of plants, the laboratory segment is predicted to experience lucrative growth throughout the extrapolated period.
Region with largest share:
Due to increased research and development initiatives by major companies for the development of improved plant genotyping equipment in the region, the North American market is anticipated to experience largest market share over the projected timeframe. Canada has been an effective rival in the agriculture sector for decades due to its natural resources. Moreover, the Canadian government has always prioritized funding for R&D in agriculture. As a result, it has an enormous number of academic institutions and research facilities dedicated to undertaking ag-tech research.
Region with highest CAGR:
Due to the rising demand for enhanced plant varieties free from genetic disease as well as the manufacture of microbiological and pest resistance plants in the region for better yield, the Asia-Pacific market is predicted to rise at a rapid rate during the forecast period. Additionally, the development of advanced sequencing platforms that take advantage of recent advancements in automation, computer science, and nanotechnology in this area has attracted significant investment from life science companies as a result of the expansion of SNP genotyping techniques.
Key players in the market:
Some of the key players in Plant Genotyping Equipment market include AgBiome, LLC , Agilent Technologies Inc., AUM LifeTech, Inc., BGI Genomics, Biome Makers Spain Inc., Eurofins Scientific, Evogene Ltd., Illumina, Inc., LGC Limited, Merck KgaA, Oxford Nanopore Technologies Limited , PerkinElmer Inc., Promega Corporation, Senda Biosciences, Inc. and Thermo Fisher Scientific.
Key Developments:
In May 2023, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. is pushing the boundaries of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) with the introduction of small parts capabilities for its Thermo ScientificTM NitonTM ApolloTM handheld LIBS analyser. This highly portable, user-friendly analytical device - based on optical emission spectroscopy - allows customers in locations such as oil refineries and stainless steel production sites to measure carbon and steel samples as small as 1/4 in. (6 mm) in diameter.
In April 2023, bioMerieux and Oxford Nanopore to develop diagnostic solutions. The partnership will focus on offering access to nanopore-based clinical research and IVD solutions. The companies will initially develop a test to determine antibiotic resistance of tuberculosis and an assay for the detection of pathogens in normally sterile clinical samples.
In March 2018, Integrated DNA Technologies Inc. the U.S. based supplier of custom nucleic acids is acquired by Danaher Corporation. IDT operates as a brand and standalone operating company and within Danaher Corporation. This acquisition strengthen the Danaher's life science domain
In January 2018, Illumina announce launch of the iSeq 100 Sequencing System. This sequencing system delivers exceptional data accuracy at low cost.
Equipments Covered:
- SNP Genotyping Equipment
- DNA Analyzer
- Real Time PCR Instrument
- Liquid Handler
- Other Equipments
Applications Covered:
- Quality Assessment
- Product Development
- Breeding
- Plant Research
- Other Applications
End Users Covered:
- Laboratory
- Field
- Greenhouse
- Other End Users
Regions Covered:
- North America
- US
- Canada
- Mexico
- Europe
- Germany
- UK
- Italy
- France
- Spain
- Rest of Europe
- Asia Pacific
- Japan
- China
- India
- Australia
- New Zealand
- South Korea
- Rest of Asia Pacific
- South America
- Argentina
- Brazil
- Chile
- Rest of South America
- Middle East & Africa
- Saudi Arabia
- UAE
- Qatar
- South Africa
- Rest of Middle East & Africa
What our report offers:
- Market share assessments for the regional and country-level segments
- Strategic recommendations for the new entrants
- Covers Market data for the years 2020, 2021, 2022, 2025, and 2028
- Market Trends (Drivers, Constraints, Opportunities, Threats, Challenges, Investment Opportunities, and recommendations)
- Strategic recommendations in key business segments based on the market estimations
- Competitive landscaping mapping the key common trends
- Company profiling with detailed strategies, financials, and recent developments
- Supply chain trends mapping the latest technological advancements
Free Customization Offerings:
All the customers of this report will be entitled to receive one of the following free customization options:
- Company Profiling
- Comprehensive profiling of additional market players (up to 3)
- SWOT Analysis of key players (up to 3)
- Regional Segmentation
- Market estimations, Forecasts and CAGR of any prominent country as per the client's interest (Note: Depends on feasibility check)
- Competitive Benchmarking
- Benchmarking of key players based on product portfolio, geographical presence, and strategic alliances
Table of Contents
1 Executive Summary
2 Preface
- 2.1 Abstract
- 2.2 Stake Holders
- 2.3 Research Scope
- 2.4 Research Methodology
- 2.4.1 Data Mining
- 2.4.2 Data Analysis
- 2.4.3 Data Validation
- 2.4.4 Research Approach
- 2.5 Research Sources
- 2.5.1 Primary Research Sources
- 2.5.2 Secondary Research Sources
- 2.5.3 Assumptions
3 Market Trend Analysis
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Drivers
- 3.3 Restraints
- 3.4 Opportunities
- 3.5 Threats
- 3.6 Application Analysis
- 3.7 End User Analysis
- 3.8 Emerging Markets
- 3.9 Impact of Covid-19
4 Porters Five Force Analysis
- 4.1 Bargaining power of suppliers
- 4.2 Bargaining power of buyers
- 4.3 Threat of substitutes
- 4.4 Threat of new entrants
- 4.5 Competitive rivalry
5 Global Plant Genotyping Equipment Market, By Equipment
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 SNP Genotyping Equipment
- 5.3 DNA Analyzer
- 5.4 Real Time PCR Instrument
- 5.5 Liquid Handler
- 5.6 Other Equipments
6 Global Plant Genotyping Equipment Market, By Application
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Quality Assessment
- 6.3 Product Development
- 6.4 Breeding
- 6.5 Plant Research
- 6.6 Other Applications
7 Global Plant Genotyping Equipment Market, By End User
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Laboratory
- 7.3 Field
- 7.4 Greenhouse
- 7.5 Other End Users
8 Global Plant Genotyping Equipment Market, By Geography
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 North America
- 8.2.1 US
- 8.2.2 Canada
- 8.2.3 Mexico
- 8.3 Europe
- 8.3.1 Germany
- 8.3.2 UK
- 8.3.3 Italy
- 8.3.4 France
- 8.3.5 Spain
- 8.3.6 Rest of Europe
- 8.4 Asia Pacific
- 8.4.1 Japan
- 8.4.2 China
- 8.4.3 India
- 8.4.4 Australia
- 8.4.5 New Zealand
- 8.4.6 South Korea
- 8.4.7 Rest of Asia Pacific
- 8.5 South America
- 8.5.1 Argentina
- 8.5.2 Brazil
- 8.5.3 Chile
- 8.5.4 Rest of South America
- 8.6 Middle East & Africa
- 8.6.1 Saudi Arabia
- 8.6.2 UAE
- 8.6.3 Qatar
- 8.6.4 South Africa
- 8.6.5 Rest of Middle East & Africa
9 Key Developments
- 9.1 Agreements, Partnerships, Collaborations and Joint Ventures
- 9.2 Acquisitions & Mergers
- 9.3 New Product Launch
- 9.4 Expansions
- 9.5 Other Key Strategies
10 Company Profiling
- 10.1 AgBiome, LLC
- 10.2 Agilent Technologies Inc.
- 10.3 AUM LifeTech, Inc.
- 10.4 BGI Genomics
- 10.5 Biome Makers Spain Inc.
- 10.6 Eurofins Scientific
- 10.7 Evogene Ltd.
- 10.8 Illumina, Inc.
- 10.9 LGC Limited
- 10.10 Merck KgaA
- 10.11 Oxford Nanopore Technologies Limited
- 10.12 PerkinElmer Inc.
- 10.13 Promega Corporation
- 10.14 Senda Biosciences, Inc.
- 10.15 Thermo Fisher Scientific
List of Tables
- Table 1 Global Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Region (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 2 Global Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Equipment (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 3 Global Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By SNP Genotyping Equipment (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 4 Global Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By DNA Analyzer (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 5 Global Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Real Time PCR Instrument (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 6 Global Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Liquid Handler (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 7 Global Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Other Equipments (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 8 Global Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Application (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 9 Global Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Quality Assessment (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 10 Global Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Product Development (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 11 Global Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Breeding (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 12 Global Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Plant Research (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 13 Global Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Other Applications (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 14 Global Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By End User (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 15 Global Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Laboratory (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 16 Global Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Field (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 17 Global Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Greenhouse (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 18 Global Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Other End Users (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 19 North America Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Country (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 20 North America Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Equipment (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 21 North America Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By SNP Genotyping Equipment (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 22 North America Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By DNA Analyzer (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 23 North America Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Real Time PCR Instrument (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 24 North America Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Liquid Handler (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 25 North America Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Other Equipments (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 26 North America Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Application (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 27 North America Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Quality Assessment (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 28 North America Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Product Development (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 29 North America Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Breeding (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 30 North America Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Plant Research (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 31 North America Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Other Applications (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 32 North America Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By End User (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 33 North America Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Laboratory (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 34 North America Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Field (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 35 North America Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Greenhouse (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 36 North America Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Other End Users (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 37 Europe Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Country (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 38 Europe Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Equipment (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 39 Europe Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By SNP Genotyping Equipment (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 40 Europe Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By DNA Analyzer (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 41 Europe Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Real Time PCR Instrument (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 42 Europe Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Liquid Handler (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 43 Europe Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Other Equipments (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 44 Europe Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Application (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 45 Europe Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Quality Assessment (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 46 Europe Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Product Development (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 47 Europe Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Breeding (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 48 Europe Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Plant Research (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 49 Europe Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Other Applications (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 50 Europe Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By End User (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 51 Europe Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Laboratory (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 52 Europe Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Field (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 53 Europe Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Greenhouse (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 54 Europe Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Other End Users (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 55 Asia Pacific Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Country (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 56 Asia Pacific Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Equipment (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 57 Asia Pacific Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By SNP Genotyping Equipment (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 58 Asia Pacific Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By DNA Analyzer (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 59 Asia Pacific Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Real Time PCR Instrument (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 60 Asia Pacific Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Liquid Handler (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 61 Asia Pacific Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Other Equipments (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 62 Asia Pacific Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Application (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 63 Asia Pacific Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Quality Assessment (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 64 Asia Pacific Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Product Development (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 65 Asia Pacific Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Breeding (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 66 Asia Pacific Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Plant Research (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 67 Asia Pacific Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Other Applications (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 68 Asia Pacific Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By End User (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 69 Asia Pacific Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Laboratory (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 70 Asia Pacific Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Field (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 71 Asia Pacific Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Greenhouse (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 72 Asia Pacific Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Other End Users (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 73 South America Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Country (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 74 South America Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Equipment (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 75 South America Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By SNP Genotyping Equipment (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 76 South America Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By DNA Analyzer (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 77 South America Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Real Time PCR Instrument (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 78 South America Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Liquid Handler (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 79 South America Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Other Equipments (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 80 South America Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Application (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 81 South America Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Quality Assessment (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 82 South America Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Product Development (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 83 South America Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Breeding (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 84 South America Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Plant Research (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 85 South America Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Other Applications (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 86 South America Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By End User (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 87 South America Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Laboratory (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 88 South America Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Field (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 89 South America Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Greenhouse (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 90 South America Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Other End Users (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 91 Middle East & Africa Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Country (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 92 Middle East & Africa Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Equipment (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 93 Middle East & Africa Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By SNP Genotyping Equipment (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 94 Middle East & Africa Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By DNA Analyzer (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 95 Middle East & Africa Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Real Time PCR Instrument (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 96 Middle East & Africa Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Liquid Handler (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 97 Middle East & Africa Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Other Equipments (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 98 Middle East & Africa Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Application (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 99 Middle East & Africa Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Quality Assessment (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 100 Middle East & Africa Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Product Development (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 101 Middle East & Africa Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Breeding (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 102 Middle East & Africa Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Plant Research (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 103 Middle East & Africa Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Other Applications (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 104 Middle East & Africa Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By End User (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 105 Middle East & Africa Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Laboratory (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 106 Middle East & Africa Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Field (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 107 Middle East & Africa Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Greenhouse (2020-2028) ($MN)
- Table 108 Middle East & Africa Plant Genotyping Equipment Market Outlook, By Other End Users (2020-2028) ($MN)
