China Charging/Swapping (Liquid Cooling Overcharging System, Small Power, Swapping, V2G, etc) Research Report, 2024

Table of Contents

1 Classification/Policy/Ownership of Charging and Swapping Infrastructure

• 1.1 Overview of Charging and Swapping Service Network System
  • 1.1.1 Classification
  • 1.1.2 Charging Interface Standards and Classification
  • 1.1.3 Charging Rate
  • 1.1.4 Intelligent Orderly Charging/Flexible Charging/Virtual Power Plant
  • 1.1.5 Research Framework
  • 1.1.6 Industrial Chain
  • 1.1.7 Major Participating Companies
• 1.2 Charging Service Network System - Policies and Regulations
  • 1.2.1 Charging Infrastructure Construction Becomes a National Strategy
  • 1.2.2 Overall Roadmap of China's Charging and Swapping Infrastructure for 2025-2035
  • 1.2.3 China Charging Service Network System - Current Policies
  • 1.2.4 Overall Planning - "Guiding Opinions on Further Building a High-Quality Charging Infrastructure System"
  • 1.2.5 Highway Scenario-Opinions on Accelerating Construction of the Main Skeleton of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network
  • 1.2.6 City Public - "Notice on Organizing the Pilot Work of Comprehensive Electrification of Vehicles in Public Areas"
  • 1.2.7 Rural Scenario - "Implementation Opinions on Accelerating Charging Infrastructure Building to Better Support New Energy Vehicles to the Countryside and Rural Revitalization"
  • 1.2.8 New Technology Model - "Implementation Opinions of NDRC and Other Departments on Strengthening Integration and Interaction of New Energy Vehicles and Power Grid"
  • 1.2.9 Financial Subsidies - Notice on Launching the Pilot Work of Supplementing Shortboards for Charging and Swapping Infrastructure in the County (Cai Jian [2024] No. 57)
• 1.3 Charging Service Network System - Standard Documents
  • 1.3.1 Charging and Swapping Infrastructure - Standard Framework
  • 1.3.2 Charging and Swapping Infrastructure - Standard Classification
  • 1.3.3 Charging and Swapping Infrastructure - List of Standards (1)
  • 1.3.4 Charging and Swapping Infrastructure - List of Standards (2)
  • 1.3.5 Charging and Swapping Infrastructure - National Standard System
  • 1.3.6 Charging and Swapping Infrastructure-Strong National Standard "Safety Requirements for Electric Vehicle Conductive Charging Systems"
• 1.4 China Energy Storage System - Standard System
  • 1.4.1 China will write the "Development of New Energy Storage" into Government Work Report for the first time in 2024
  • 1.4.2 Energy Storage System Standard System - National Standard/Industry Standard (1)
  • 1.4.3 Energy Storage System Standard System - National Standard/Industry Standard (2)
  • 1.4.4 Energy Storage System Standard System - National Standard/Industry Standard (3)
• 1.5 Charging Service Network System - Development trend
  • 1.5.1 Future Development Direction of China's Charging Industry
• 1.6 China New Energy Vehicle Market Data
  • 1.6.1 China New Energy Vehicle Ownership
  • 1.6.2 China New Energy Vehicle Sales
  • 1.6.3 China New Energy Passenger Car Sales
  • 1.6.4 China New Energy Passenger Car Sales by Brand
  • 1.6.5 China New Energy Passenger Car Sales by Model
  • 1.6.6 China New Energy Commercial Vehicle Sales
• 1.7 Ownership of China Charging and Swapping Infrastructure
  • 1.7.1 Ownership of China Charging and Swapping Infrastructure
  • 1.7.2 Ownership of China Public Charging Stations/Piles in China
  • 1.7.3 China Public Charging Piles - DC/AC Proportion
  • 1.7.4 Distribution of Public Charging Stations/Piles in China -TOP10 Provinces and Cities
  • 1.7.5 Distribution of Public Charging Stations/Piles in China - by Province and City
  • 1.7.6 Ownership of Charging Piles (Private Charging Piles) built with Piles in China
  • 1.7.7 China Charging Pile Ownership and Vehicle Pile Ratio

2 Ultra-high Power DC Charging Technology and Market

• 2.1 High-power DC Charging - Policy Standards
  • 2.1.1 High Power DC Charging - Policies and Regulations
  • 2.1.2 High Power DC Charging - Standard Specification
  • 2.1.3 High Power DC Charging - ChaoJi Charging System
  • 2.1.4 Construction Plan of Multiple "Overcharging Cities" in China - Regional Policy Guidance
  • 2.1.5 Shenzhen Overcharging City Construction Planning - Policies, Standards, Construction Process
  • 2.1.6 Vehicle Charging Safety Certification - New Energy Vehicle Electrical Safety Technology Verification System
• 2.2 Overcharging system - Overcharging Station/Pile
  • 2.2.1 Overcharging System - Overcharging Definition
  • 2.2.2 Overcharging Station/Pile - Overcharging Configuration
  • 2.2.3 Overcharging Station/Pile - Market Layout (1)
  • 2.2.4 Overcharging Station/Pile - Market Layout (2)
  • 2.2.5 Li Auto-5C Overcharging Station
  • 2.2.6 Geely Zeekr-800kW Charging V3 Overcharging Station
  • 2.2.7 Sungrow Power Supply - 640kW Air Cooling Overcharging Pile IDC480/640 series
  • 2.2.8 Huawei Full Liquid Cooling Overcharging Station
  • 2.2.9 Overcharging System Requires Adjustment of High-voltage Fast Charging Battery, Vehicle, Charging Pile Industry Chain
• 2.3 Overcharging System - Liquid Cooling Overcharging
  • 2.3.1 Definition and Classification
  • 2.3.2 Ownership of Liquid Cooling Overcharging Station
  • 2.3.3 Working Principle of Liquid Cooling Charging Pile
  • 2.3.4 Cost Calculation of-Vehicle High Voltage and Liquid Cooling Charging Pile
  • 2.3.5 Full Liquid Cooling Split DC Bus Architecture Overcharging System
  • 2.3.6 Competition Landscape of Liquid Cooling Overcharging Station
  • 2.3.7 Huawei Liquid Cooling Overcharging System Solution
  • 2.3.8 Shenzhen Infypower/TELD New Energy
  • 2.3.9 Liquid Cooling Overcharging-Charging Module
  • 2.3.10 Liquid Cooling Charging Module (1)
  • 2.3.11 Liquid Cooling Charging Module (2)
  • 2.3.12 Liquid Cooling Overcharging - Liquid Cooled Charging Gun Lighter, Fast Charging
  • 2.3.13 Liquid Cooling Overcharging Gun Line Products
  • 2.3.14 Liquid Cooling Overcharging - Volvo Liquid Cooling Charging Gun
• 2.4 Overcharging System - Flexible Charging Stack
  • 2.4.1 Overcharging System - Charging Stack Becomes Mainstream Solution
  • 2.4.2 Overcharging System - Mainstream Flexible Charging Stack
  • 2.4.3 Overcharging System - Full Liquid Cooling DC Charging Stack
  • 2.4.4 Overcharging System-1200kW Flexible DC Charging Stack
  • 2.4.5 Overcharging System - Electric Vehicle Flexible Charging Stack Product Parameters
• 2.5 Overcharging System - Overcharging Battery
  • 2.5.1 Overcharging Battery - Systematic Group Standard (Latest)
  • 2.5.2 Overcharging Battery - (1)
  • 2.5.3 Overcharging Battery - (2)
  • 2.5.4 Overcharging Battery - 4C Battery Application
  • 2.5.5 4C Fast Charging Battery Summary
  • 2.5.6 Main 4C Fast Charging Battery Products
  • 2.5.7 SPS Soft Pack Power Battery System of Farasis Energy
  • 2.5.8 4C Battery Shenxing Fast Charging Battery of CATL
  • 2.5.9 Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery: BRIC Battery of Zeekr
  • 2.5.10 5C-8C Fast Charging Battery List
• 2.6 Overcharging Battery - Large Cylindrical Battery
  • 2.6.1 Square Battery VS Cylindrical Battery
  • 2.6.2 Overcharging Battery Trends (1)
  • 2.6.3 Overcharging Battery Trends (2)
  • 2.6.4 Large Cylindrical Battery Mass Production Planning (1)
  • 2.6.5 Large Cylindrical Battery Mass Production Planning (2)
  • 2.6.6 Large Cylindrical Battery Loading Process
  • 2.6.7 Tesla Large Cylindrical Battery
  • 2.6.8 Omnicell Battery of EVE Battery: 6C Fast Charging Large Cylindrical Lithium Battery (1)
  • 2.6.9 Omnicell Battery of EVE Battery: 6C Fast Charging Large Cylindrical Lithium Battery (2)
  • 2.6.10 BAK Cylindrical Battery
• 2.7 Overcharging Battery Material - Anode Materials
  • 2.7.1 Anode Material is the Decisive Factor for Improving Fast Charging Performance of Battery
  • 2.7.2 Main Types of Anode Materials
  • 2.7.3 Fast Charging Material and Process Upgrade of Overcharging Battery Anode Materials
  • 2.7.4 Three Routes to Improve the Rate Performance of Overcharging Battery Anode Materials (1)
  • 2.7.5 Three Routes to Improve the Rate Performance of Overcharging Battery Anode Materials (2)
  • 2.7.6 Three Routes to Improve the Rate Performance of Overcharging Battery Anode Materials (3)
  • 2.7.7 Structural Classification of Silicon-carbon Composites
  • 2.7.8 Preparation Solution of Silicon-carbon Composites
  • 2.7.9 China Lithium Battery Anode Materials - Market Share
  • 2.7.10 Silicon-based Anode Material Layout (1)
  • 2.7.11 Silicon-based Anode Material Layout (2)
  • 2.7.12 Silicon-based Anode Material Layout (3)
  • 2.7.13 Technology Innovation of Anode Materials
  • 2.7.14 Silicon-based Anode Material of Shanghai Putailai New Energy
  • 2.7.15 Case of Solid-state Battery Anode Material
• 2.8 Overcharging Battery Material - Other Materials
  • 2.8.1 Conductive Agent
  • 2.8.2 Electrolyte
  • 2.8.3 Cathode Material
• 2.9 Overcharging System - 800V High Voltage Vehicle Architecture
  • 2.9.1 800V High Voltage Vehicle Architecture has Become Mainstream Vehicle Solution for High-power Charging Technology
  • 2.9.2 800V High Voltage Vehicle Architecture - Main Architecture Solution
  • 2.9.3 800V High Voltage Vehicle Architecture - Vehicle Parts Upgrade
  • 2.9.4 800V High Voltage Vehicle Architecture - Vehicle Parts Upgrade Selection
  • 2.9.5 800V High Voltage Vehicle Architecture - Component Cost Analysis
  • 2.9.6 Sales of 800V High Voltage Vehicle Models in China, 2023-2024
  • 2.9.7 800V Platform Vehicle Application Market Size
  • 2.9.8 Parameter List of 800V Models Sold in China, 2024 (1)
  • 2.9.9 Parameter List of 800V Models Sold in China, 2024 (2)
  • 2.9.10 800V Vehicle Architecture - Electric Drive Products/Technologies (1)
  • 2.9.11 800V Vehicle Architecture - Electric Drive Products/Technologies (2)
  • 2.9.12 800V Vehicle Architecture - Electric Drive Products/Technologies (3)
• 2.10 MCS MW Charging System for Medium and Heavy Commercial Vehicles
  • 2.10.1 MCS MW Charging System
  • 2.10.2 MCS MW Charging System-V2.4~ V3.2
  • 2.10.3 MCS MW Charging - Industry Standard
  • 2.10.4 MCS MW Charging - Hardware and Software Development, Verification Test
  • 2.10.5 MCS MW Charging - On Board Example (1)
  • 2.10.6 MCS MW Charging - On Board Example (2)

3 Low Power DC Technology and Market

• 3.1 Low Power DC Charging Technology
  • 3.1.1 Low Power DC Charging - Technology Introduction
  • 3.1.2 Low Power DC Charging - Alternative Scenarios
  • 3.1.3 Low Power DC Charging - Key Components
• 3.2 Low Power DC Charging - Pile Terminal
  • 3.2.1 Low Power DC Charging-Product Category
  • 3.2.2 Low Power DC Charging Alternatives (1)
  • 3.2.3 Low Power DC Charging Alternatives (2)
  • 3.2.4 Low Power DC Charging - OEM Solution
  • 3.2.5 Low Power DC Charging - Charging Operation
  • 3.2.6 Low Power DC Charging-22KW V2G Solution
• 3.3 Low Power DC Charging - Vehicle Terminal
  • 3.3.1 Low Power DC Charging - On-Board Charger (OBC) Introduction
  • 3.3.2 Low Power DC Charging - Alternatives
  • 3.3.3 Low Power DC Charging - OBC Disassembly Diagram (1)
  • 3.3.4 Low Power DC Charging - OBC Disassembly Diagram (2)
  • 3.3.5 Low Power DC Charging - De-OBC Process
  • 3.3.6 Low Power DC Charging - Vehicle De-OBC Cost Analysis
  • 3.3.7 Low Power DC Charging (1)
  • 3.3.8 Low Power DC Charging (2)
  • 3.3.9 Low Power DC Charging (3)

4 V2G/Vehicle Grid Interaction/Virtual Power Plant Technology and Market

• 4.1 Energy Structure Transformation Boosts Charging Infrastructure
  • 4.1.1 impact of Charging and Swapping Infrastructure on Power Grid
  • 4.1.2 Charging and Swapping Infrastructure Power Side- Overall Thinking of Carbon Asset Development Research
  • 4.1.3 Charging and Swapping Infrastructure Power Side-Cost-Benefit Analysis of Vehicle Grid Integration
  • 4.1.5 Charging and Swapping Infrastructure Power Side - Development Trend
• 4.2 G2V/V2G/V2H
  • 4.2.1 G2V/V2G/V2H - Technical Principle
  • 4.2.2 Research on Charging and Discharging Technology of V2X Electric Vehicle
  • 4.2.3 V2G Technology Introduction
  • 4.2.4 V2G Related Promotion Policies
  • 4.2.5 Popularity of Charging Network Promotes Development of V2G Industry
  • 4.2.6 V2G Technical Framework
  • 4.2.7 Vehicle-Grid Coordination can Change Energy Loss and Peak Load of Disordered Charging
  • 4.2.8 Large-scale Commercialization of V2G still Takes Time
  • 4.2.9 V2G Pilot in China
  • 4.2.10 Typical V2G Charging Station Application Project in China (1)
  • 4.2.11 Typical V2G Charging Station Application Project in China (2)
  • 4.2.12 V2G - Jiangsu Wuxi Vehicle Grid Interaction Demonstration Area
  • 4.2.13 V2G Project Case - Shanghai Automotive Innovation Port V2G Pilot Project
  • 4.2.14 V2G is still in Pilot Stage
• 4.3 Virtual Power Plant
  • 4.3.1 Development Advantages
  • 4.3.2 Positioning in the Energy Internet
  • 4.3.3 Policy Promotion
  • 4.3.4 Local Policy Implementation Plan
  • 4.3.5 Market Potential
  • 4.3.6 Development Planning
  • 4.3.7 Key Participants and Benefit Analysis
  • 4.3.8 Business Model Analysis
  • 4.3.9 Domestic Main Management Platform Solution
  • 4.3.10 Practice of Foreign Virtual Power Plant Projects
  • 4.3.11 Layout of Major Participating Enterprises in China (1)
  • 4.3.12 Layout of Major Participating Enterprises in China (2)
  • 4.3.13 Case - Energy Storage + Virtual Power Plant Project
  • 4.3.14 Operation Case of Virtual Power Plant + Power Station of Huaneng Zhejiang
  • 4.3.15 Case -State Grid Shanghai Dispatching Virtual Power Plant
• 4.4 PV-Storage-Charging Integrated Station
  • 4.4.1 PV-Storage-Charging Integrated Station Solution
  • 4.4.2 Solution Advantages
  • 4.4.3 Technical Standards
  • 4.4.4 System Structure
  • 4.4.5 Cost Analysis
  • 4.4.6 Case Study
  • 4.4.7 Shenzhen Overcharging-Public Institution: "PV- Storage-Overcharging V2G" Integrated Demonstration Station

5 Swapping Technology and Market

• 5.1 Swapping Mode - Policy Guidance
  • 5.1.1 Swapping Mode - List of Policies and Standards
  • 5.1.2 Ministry of Transport: Agree in principle that the State Power Investment Corporation will build a network and operate a demonstration pilot in Heavy Truck Swapping Stations
  • 5.1.3 Swapping Mode - Application Pilot Promotion Goal
  • 5.1.4 Swapping Mode - Standard Document
  • 5.1.5 Swapping Mode - Shanghai Heavy Truck Swapping Group Standard Officially Released
• 5.2 Swapping Mode - Development Status and Trends
  • 5.2.1 Swapping Mode Introduction and Classification
  • 5.2.2 Comparison of Swapping Mode and Charging Mode and Development Trend Prospect
  • 5.2.3 Development Environment of "Vehicle-Power Separation +Swapping Network" Model
  • 5.2.4 Swapping Mode - Promotion Value Analysis
  • 5.2.5 Swapping Mode - Energy Value Analysis
  • 5.2.6 Swapping Model - Business Model Value Chain Splitting
  • 5.2.7 Swapping Market Industry Chain
  • 5.2.8 Swapping Mode - Business Model Analysis
  • 5.2.9 Swapping Mode - Swapping Station Construction
  • 5.2.10 Swapping Mode-Analysis of Enterprise Types in China Swapping Industry
  • 5.2.11 Swapping Mode - Swapping Operators
• 5.3 Passenger Car Swapping
  • 5.3.1 Main Swapping Technologies and Development Trends of Passenger Cars
  • 5.3.2 Main Participants of Passenger Car Swapping
  • 5.3.3 Number and Distribution of Swapping Stations in China
  • 5.3.4 Passenger Car Swapping Business and Planning List (1)
  • 5.3.5 Passenger Car Swapping Business and Planning List (2)
  • 5.3.6 NIO fourth Generation Swapping Station Case
  • 5.3.7 NIO & State Grid Bidirectional Swapping Station
• 5.4 Heavy Truck Swapping
  • 5.4.1 Heavy Truck Model Classification
  • 5.4.2 New Energy Penetration Rate of Heavy Truck industry is Low
  • 5.4.3 Heavy Truck Swapping is the Best Way to Promote Electrification of Heavy Trucks
  • 5.4.4 Heavy Truck Swapping Business Model
  • 5.4.5 Heavy Truck Swapping Supply Chain/Value Chain
  • 5.4.6 Heavy Truck Battery Concentration is High
  • 5.4.7 Business Planning of Major Heavy Truck Swapping Operators (1)
  • 5.4.8 Business Planning of Major Heavy Truck Swapping Operators (2)
  • 5.4.9 Heavy Truck Swapping Station Case
  • 5.4.10 Main Parts Matching for Major Heavy Truck Models
  • 5.4.11 Charging and Swapping Business Case of Suzhou Harmontronics Automation
  • 5.4.12 Swapping Ecological Business Case of Eurocrane
  • 5.4.13 Swapping Station Case of Xuji Electric
  • 5.4.14 Development Advantages of Swapping Heavy Truck
  • 5.4.15 Large-scale Promotion of Swapping still has Great Challenges

6 Charging Infrastructure Operation Market

• 6.1 Market Analysis
  • 6.1.1 Industry Status
  • 6.1.2 Participant Classification
  • 6.1.3 China Public Charging Stations - Sub-Operators
  • 6.1.4 China Public Charging Pile - Number of Major Operators
• 6.2 Construction of Charging Stations
  • 6.2.1 Related Construction Standards
  • 6.2.2 Construction Process
  • 6.2.3 Cost Analysis
  • 6.2.4 Investment Cost Estimation and Income Forecast of Photovoltaic + Charging Pile Project
  • 6.2.5 Pain Points and Solutions
• 6.3 Operation of Charging Stations
  • 6.3.1 Profit Model
  • 6.3.2 Third Party Companies Operate Charging Piles
  • 6.3.3 Charging Station Construction and Operation Plan of Xiaofeng Charging
  • 6.3.4 Overcharging Station Solution of Star Charge
  • 6.3.5 Overcharging Station Energy Operation of Star Charge
• 6.4 Aggregate Charging Operation
• 6.4.1 Charging Mode
• 6.4.2 Aggregate Charging Operators
• 6.4.3 First-tier Aggregate Charging Company VS Heavy Asset Operators
• 6.4.4 Profit Model of Aggregate Charging Operators
• 6.5 Operation of Highway Charging Stations
  • 6.5.1 Development Status of Highway Charging Infrastructure in China
  • 6.5.2 China Highway Charging Infrastructure by Region
  • 6.5.3 China Highway Charging Infrastructure - Share of 750V/120kW and above DC Pile
  • 6.5.4 China Highway Charging Infrastructure - National Policy
  • 6.5.5 Highway Charging Stations Charging Charges
  • 6.5.6 Highway Charging and Swapping Infrastructure - Operation Model
  • 6.5.7 China Expressway Charging Pile - Solution (1)
  • 6.5.8 China Expressway Charging Pile - Solution (2)

7 Charging Facilities Layout of Major OEMs

• 7.1 NIO
  • 7.1.1 Charging and Swapping Infrastructure Layout
  • 7.1.2 NIO Power (1)
  • 7.1.3 NIO Power (2)
  • 7.1.4 BaaS Model
  • 7.1.5 1st/2nd/3rd/4th generation Swapping Stations
  • 7.1.6 RGV Patented Swapping Platform
  • 7.1.7 Charging and Swapping Network Layout
  • 7.1.8 Ultra Fast Charging
  • 7.1.9 V2G
  • 7.1.10 Virtual Power Plant (1)
  • 7.1.11 Virtual Power Plant (2)
  • 7.1.12 V2G
  • 7.1.13 Battery Operation System
  • 7.1.14 Home Charging Piles
  • 7.1.15 Charging Interoperability
• 7.2 XPeng Motors
  • 7.2.1 Charging and Swapping Infrastructure Layout
  • 7.2.2 Charging Network Operation
  • 7.2.3 800kW Liquid Cooling S5 Overcharging Pile
  • 7.2.4 S4 Overcharging Station
  • 7.2.5 Self-operated Charging Station
  • 7.2.6 Charging Facility Usage Process
  • 7.2.7 Home Charging Service Solution
• 7.3 Li Auto
  • 7.3.1 Charging Facilities Development
  • 7.3.2 Overcharging Station
  • 7.3.3 Charging Network
  • 7.3.4 20kW DC Home Pile
  • 7.3.5 Home Charging Pile
• 7.4 Tesla
  • 7.4.1 Charging Facility Development
  • 7.4.2 Overcharging Station Construction
  • 7.4.3 Supercharger Stations Category
  • 7.4.4 V4 Supercharger
  • 7.4.5 PV-Storage-Charging integrated Overcharging Station
  • 7.4.6 Mobile Charging and Automatic Charging Services
  • 7.4.7 Home Charging Pile Service Solution
• 7.5 BYD/Denza
  • 7.5.1 Charging Facilities Development
  • 7.5.2 Global Intelligent Fast Charging Technology Cluster (1)
  • 7.5.3 Global Intelligent Fast Charging Technology Cluster (2)
  • 7.5.4 Denza-D9 Dual Charging Technology
  • 7.5.5 Home Charging Pile
  • 7.5.6 BYD Sea Lion 07 EV-800V + e Platform 3.0 EvO
• 7.6 SAIC Feifan
  • 7.6.1 Vehicle Swapping Ecology
• 7.7 Avatr
  • 7.7.1 High Voltage Fast Charging Station
• 7.8 BAIC/ArcFox
  • 7.8.1 BAIC New Energy Swapping Station Layout
  • 7.8.2 BAIC ArcFox Charging Network Construction
  • 7.8.3 BAIC ArcFox Overcharging Station
  • 7.8.4 BAIC New Energy Private Charging Service
• 7.9 GAC Aion
  • 7.9.1 Charging Facilities Development
  • 7.9.2 Power Supply Network
  • 7.9.3 Overcharging Station (1)
  • 7.9.4 Overcharging Station (2)
• 7.10 Geely/Zeekr
  • 7.10.1 Charging Facilities Development
  • 7.10.2 Charging Network Layout
  • 7.10.3 Zeekr V3 Overcharging Station
  • 7.10.4 Swapping Service
• 7.10.5 Wireless Charging Service
• 7.10.6 Home Charging Pile
• 7.11 IM
  • 7.11.1 Charging Facilities Development
  • 7.11.2 Public Charging Network
  • 7.11.3 Fast Charging Station
  • 7.11.4 Wireless Charging
  • 7.11.5 Home Charging Pile (1)
  • 7.11.6 Home Charging Pile (2)
• 7.12 Voyah
  • 7.12.1 VOYAH POWER Six-in-One Charging Service
  • 7.12.2 Charging Network
  • 7.12.3 Overcharging Technology
  • 7.12.4 800V Platform
  • 7.12.5 Home Charging Pile
• 7.13 Leapmotor
  • 7.13.1 800V Fast Charging
• 7.14 Neta
  • 7.14.1 Public Charging Network
  • 7.14.2 V2G Vehicle Grid Smart Energy Demonstration Project
  • 7.14.3 7kW/20kW Home Charging Pile
• 7.15 Xiaomi Auto
  • 7.15.1 Liquid Cooling Overcharging
  • 7.15.2 Home Charging Pile
• 7.16 Lotus
  • 7.16.1 Overcharging Network
  • 7.16.2 Flash Charging Robot
  • 7.16.3 PV-Storage-Charging Integrated Station
  • 7.16.4 Home Charging Pile
• 7.17 Volvo
  • 7.17.1 Two-way Charging
  • 7.17.2 Wireless Charging
  • 7.17.3 Mobile Charging Unit
• 7.18 Volkswagen
  • 7.18.1 Charging Facilities Development
  • 7.18.2 Charging Facilities Layout in China
  • 7.18.3 High Power Charging System
  • 7.18.4 V1G orderly Charging
  • 7.18.5 Robot Automatic Charging
  • 7.18.6 Home Charging Pile
  • 7.18.7 Charging Service Layout in Overseas Countries
• 7.19 BMW
  • 7.19.1 Charging Network Layout
  • 7.19.2 600kW High Power Charging Pile Layout
  • 7.19.3 Private Charging Pile
• 7.20 Summary of Charging Pile Construction of Major OEMs
  • 7.20.1 Layout of Charging Piles of Major OEMs
  • 7.20.2 Construction of Overcharging Piles of Major OEMs
  • 7.20.3 Comparison of Home Charging Infrastructure Installation of Major OEMs
  • 7.20.4 Installation Process of Home Charging Pile for Vehicle Accessories of Major OEMs