PUBLISHER: QYResearch | PRODUCT CODE: 1704847
PUBLISHER: QYResearch | PRODUCT CODE: 1704847
This research report focuses on the Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Market. It analyzes market size, trends and demand forecasts, as well as growth factors and challenges. The report provides market data breakdowns by type, application, company, and region, in addition to competitive landscape and key company profiles.
Table 1. Global Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 2. Major Manufacturers of Budesonide Aerosol
Table 3. Major Manufacturers of Budesonide Nasal Spray
Table 4. Global Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 5. Global Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 6. Global Revenue by Region (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 7. Global Revenue Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Table 8. Global Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Sales Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Units)
Table 9. Global Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Sales by Region (2020-2031) & (Units)
Table 10. Global Sales Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Table 11. Global Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Sales by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (Units)
Table 12. Global Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Sales Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 13. Global Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 14. Global Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 15. Global Key Players of Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray, Industry Ranking, 2023 VS 2024 VS 2024
Table 16. Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Price by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (US$/Unit)
Table 17. Global Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 18. Global Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray as of 2024)
Table 19. Global Key Manufacturers of Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray, Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters
Table 20. Global Key Manufacturers of Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray, Product Offered and Application
Table 21. Global Key Manufacturers of Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray, Date of Enter into This Industry
Table 22. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 23. Global Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Sales by Type (2020-2025) & (Units)
Table 24. Global Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Sales by Type (2026-2031) & (Units)
Table 25. Global Sales Share by Type (2020-2031)
Table 26. Global Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue by Type (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 27. Global Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue by Type (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 28. Global Revenue Share by Type (2020-2031)
Table 29. Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Price by Type (2020-2025) & (US$/Unit)
Table 30. Global Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Price Forecast by Type (2026-2031) & (US$/Unit)
Table 31. Global Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Sales by Application (2020-2025) & (Units)
Table 32. Global Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Sales by Application (2026-2031) & (Units)
Table 33. Global Sales Share by Application (2020-2031)
Table 34. Global Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue by Application (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 35. Global Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue by Application (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 36. Global Revenue Share by Application (2020-2031)
Table 37. Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Price by Application (2020-2025) & (US$/Unit)
Table 38. Global Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Price Forecast by Application (2026-2031) & (US$/Unit)
Table 39. US & Canada Sales by Type (2020-2031) & (Units)
Table 40. US & Canada Revenue by Type (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 41. US & Canada Sales by Application (2020-2031) & (Units)
Table 42. US & Canada Revenue by Application (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 43. US & Canada Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 44. US & Canada Revenue by Country (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 45. US & Canada Sales by Country (2020-2031) & (Units)
Table 46. Europe Sales by Type (2020-2031) & (Units)
Table 47. Europe Revenue by Type (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 48. Europe Sales by Application (2020-2031) & (Units)
Table 49. Europe Revenue by Application (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 50. Europe Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 51. Europe Sales by Country (2020-2031) & (Units)
Table 52. Europe Revenue by Country (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 53. China Sales by Type (2020-2031) & (Units)
Table 54. China Revenue by Type (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 55. China Sales by Application (2020-2031) & (Units)
Table 56. China Revenue by Application (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 57. Asia Sales by Type (2020-2031) & (Units)
Table 58. Asia Revenue by Type (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 59. Asia Sales by Application (2020-2031) & (Units)
Table 60. Asia Revenue by Application (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 61. Asia Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 62. Asia Revenue by Region (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 63. Asia Sales by Region (2020-2031) & (Units)
Table 64. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Sales by Type (2020-2031) & (Units)
Table 65. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Revenue by Type (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 66. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Sales by Application (2020-2031) & (Units)
Table 67. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Revenue by Application (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 68. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 69. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Revenue by Country (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 70. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Sales by Country (2020-2031) & (Units)
Table 71. Perrigo Company Information
Table 72. Perrigo Description and Major Businesses
Table 73. Perrigo Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 74. Perrigo Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 75. Perrigo Recent Developments
Table 76. Sandoz Company Information
Table 77. Sandoz Description and Major Businesses
Table 78. Sandoz Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 79. Sandoz Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 80. Sandoz Recent Developments
Table 81. Zydus Cadila Company Information
Table 82. Zydus Cadila Description and Major Businesses
Table 83. Zydus Cadila Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 84. Zydus Cadila Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 85. Zydus Cadila Recent Developments
Table 86. Mylan Company Information
Table 87. Mylan Description and Major Businesses
Table 88. Mylan Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 89. Mylan Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 90. Mylan Recent Developments
Table 91. Novartis Company Information
Table 92. Novartis Description and Major Businesses
Table 93. Novartis Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 94. Novartis Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 95. Novartis Recent Developments
Table 96. Lupin Pharmaceuticals Company Information
Table 97. Lupin Pharmaceuticals Description and Major Businesses
Table 98. Lupin Pharmaceuticals Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 99. Lupin Pharmaceuticals Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 100. Lupin Pharmaceuticals Recent Developments
Table 101. AstraZeneca Company Information
Table 102. AstraZeneca Description and Major Businesses
Table 103. AstraZeneca Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 104. AstraZeneca Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 105. AstraZeneca Recent Developments
Table 106. Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Company Information
Table 107. Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Description and Major Businesses
Table 108. Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 109. Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 110. Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Recent Developments
Table 111. Cipla Company Information
Table 112. Cipla Description and Major Businesses
Table 113. Cipla Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 114. Cipla Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 115. Cipla Recent Developments
Table 116. Hikma Pharmaceuticals Company Information
Table 117. Hikma Pharmaceuticals Description and Major Businesses
Table 118. Hikma Pharmaceuticals Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 119. Hikma Pharmaceuticals Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 120. Hikma Pharmaceuticals Recent Developments
Table 121. Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Company Information
Table 122. Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Description and Major Businesses
Table 123. Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 124. Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 125. Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Recent Developments
Table 126. Teva Pharmaceutical Industrie Company Information
Table 127. Teva Pharmaceutical Industrie Description and Major Businesses
Table 128. Teva Pharmaceutical Industrie Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 129. Teva Pharmaceutical Industrie Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 130. Teva Pharmaceutical Industrie Recent Developments
Table 131. Mcneil AB Company Information
Table 132. Mcneil AB Description and Major Businesses
Table 133. Mcneil AB Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 134. Mcneil AB Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 135. Mcneil AB Recent Developments
Table 136. Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Company Information
Table 137. Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Description and Major Businesses
Table 138. Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 139. Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 140. Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Recent Developments
Table 141. Sichuan Purity Pharmaceutical Company Information
Table 142. Sichuan Purity Pharmaceutical Description and Major Businesses
Table 143. Sichuan Purity Pharmaceutical Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 144. Sichuan Purity Pharmaceutical Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 145. Sichuan Purity Pharmaceutical Recent Developments
Table 146. Grand Pharma Company Information
Table 147. Grand Pharma Description and Major Businesses
Table 148. Grand Pharma Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 149. Grand Pharma Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 150. Grand Pharma Recent Developments
Table 151. Synmosa Company Information
Table 152. Synmosa Description and Major Businesses
Table 153. Synmosa Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 154. Synmosa Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 155. Synmosa Recent Developments
Table 156. Shanghai Sine Pharmaceutical Laboratories Company Information
Table 157. Shanghai Sine Pharmaceutical Laboratories Description and Major Businesses
Table 158. Shanghai Sine Pharmaceutical Laboratories Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 159. Shanghai Sine Pharmaceutical Laboratories Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 160. Shanghai Sine Pharmaceutical Laboratories Recent Developments
Table 161. Key Raw Materials Lists
Table 162. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Lists
Table 163. Distributors List
Table 164. Customers List
Table 165. Market Trends
Table 166. Market Drivers
Table 167. Market Challenges
Table 168. Market Restraints
Table 169. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 170. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 171. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
Figure 1. Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Product Picture
Figure 2. Global Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 3. Global Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Market Share by Type: 2024 & 2031
Figure 4. Budesonide Aerosol Product Picture
Figure 5. Budesonide Nasal Spray Product Picture
Figure 6. Global Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 7. Global Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Market Share by Application: 2024 & 2031
Figure 8. Bronchial Asthma
Figure 9. Chronic Asthmatic Bronchitis
Figure 10. Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis
Figure 11. Perennial Allergic Rhinitis
Figure 12. Non-Allergic Rhinitis
Figure 13. Others
Figure 14. Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Report Years Considered
Figure 15. Global Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue, (US$ Million), 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 16. Global Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 17. Global Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue by Region (2020-2031) (US$ Million)
Figure 18. Global Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue Market Share by Region in Percentage: 2024 Versus 2031
Figure 19. Global Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 20. Global Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Sales (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 21. Global Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Sales (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Units)
Figure 22. Global Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Sales Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 23. US & Canada Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 24. US & Canada Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 25. Europe Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 26. Europe Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 27. China Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 28. China Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 29. Asia (excluding China) Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 30. Asia (excluding China) Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 31. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 32. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 33. Global Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Sales Share by Manufacturers (2024)
Figure 34. The Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Market Share of Top 10 and Top 5 Largest Manufacturers Around the World in 2024
Figure 35. Global Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2024)
Figure 36. The Top 5 and 10 Largest Manufacturers of Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray in the World: Market Share by Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue in 2024
Figure 37. Global Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3): 2020 VS 2024
Figure 38. Global Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Sales Market Share by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 39. Global Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue Market Share by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 40. Global Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Sales Market Share by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 41. Global Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue Market Share by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 42. US & Canada Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Sales Market Share by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 43. US & Canada Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue Market Share by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 44. US & Canada Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Sales Market Share by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 45. US & Canada Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue Market Share by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 46. US & Canada Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 47. US & Canada Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Sales Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 48. US Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 49. Canada Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 50. Europe Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Sales Market Share by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 51. Europe Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue Market Share by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 52. Europe Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Sales Market Share by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 53. Europe Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue Market Share by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 54. Europe Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Sales Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 55. Europe Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 56. Germany Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 57. France Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 58. U.K. Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 59. Italy Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 60. Russia Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 61. China Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Sales Market Share by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 62. China Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue Market Share by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 63. China Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Sales Market Share by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 64. China Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue Market Share by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 65. Asia Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Sales Market Share by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 66. Asia Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue Market Share by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 67. Asia Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Sales Market Share by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 68. Asia Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue Market Share by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 69. Asia Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 70. Asia Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Sales Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 71. Japan Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 72. South Korea Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 73. China Taiwan Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 74. Southeast Asia Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 75. India Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 76. Australia Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 77. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Sales Market Share by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 78. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue Market Share by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 79. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Sales Market Share by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 80. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue Market Share by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 81. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 82. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Sales Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 83. Brazil Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 84. Mexico Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 85. Turkey Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 86. Israel Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 87. GCC Countries Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 88. Value Chain
Figure 89. Budesonide Aerosol And Nasal Spray Production Process
Figure 90. Channels of Distribution (Direct Vs Distribution)
Figure 91. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 92. Data Triangulation
Figure 93. Key Executives Interviewed