Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia | Primary Research (KOL's Insight) | Market Intelligence | Epidemiology & Market Forecast-2035

Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) is a type of acute myeloid leukaemia that is characterised by an excess of immature blood-forming cells (promyelocytes) in the blood and bone marrow. The accumulation of promyelocytes causes a shortage of normal white and red blood cells, as well as platelets, in the body. Acute promyelocytic leukemia is relatively rare and accounts for approx. 7% to 8% of adult AML cases. Prior to the introduction of the differentiation factor, fully transformed retinoic acid (ATRA), APL was one of the most lethal forms of AML at presentation or induction, mainly due to complex and often devastating bleeding disorders. However, with the advent of ATRA and arsenic trioxide (ATO) therapy, adult AML subtypes have changed from highly lethal to more treatable AML subtypes.

Description

Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) is a type of acute myeloid leukaemia that is characterised by an excess of immature blood-forming cells (promyelocytes) in the blood and bone marrow. The accumulation of promyelocytes causes a shortage of normal white and red blood cells, as well as platelets, in the body. APL symptoms include an increased risk of bleeding and blood clot formation. Excessive tiredness, pain in affected areas, loss of appetite, and weight loss are also possible. It is caused by a genetic change that occurs over the course of a person's life, most commonly involving a translocation between chromosomes 15 and 17. 15% to 20% of newly diagnosed cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), a subtype of AML. It frequently exhibits abnormal white blood count (WBC) levels, low platelets, coagulopathy, and bleeding, all of which necessitate an early diagnosis and course of treatment. The gene for promyelocytic leukemia (PML) and the gene for retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) fuse as a result of a balanced translocation, most frequently t (15;17) (q22; q12-21), which causes APL. A successful cytogenetic analysis might not reveal the classic t (15;17) in 10% of cases. However, in the majority of these instances, a molecular analysis identifies an underlying PML-RARA fusion transcript that resulted from cytogenetically cryptic or challenging insertion events.

Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia - (Epidemiology)

Acute promyelocytic leukemia is relatively rare and accounts for approx. 7% to 8% of adult AML cases. Acute promyelocytic leukemia usually occurs in middle-aged people, with an average age of 47 years. Acute promyelocytic leukemia rarely occurs before the age of 20. The frequency is slightly higher in men than in women. APL cases tend to be younger than those with other acute myeloid leukemias (AML). APL has been found in both spatial and temporal clusters. These findings point to a potential selective role for occupational and/or environmental factors in the development of APL. In United States, The annual age-adjusted incidence rate for APL was 0.28/100,000, and it rose with age, reaching a peak incidence of 0.62/100,000 in the 75-79 age group. With a median age of 40 years, Whites made up the majority of admissions (67.7%), followed by Hispanics (15.3%), who were the youngest race.

Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia -Current Market Size & Forecast Trends

A niche segment within AML, the acute promyelocytic leukemia market is valued at approximately $3.4 billion as of 2023 and is expected to grow with a CAGR of 10.6% during this period. Specifically for APL, the market is anticipated to benefit from the introduction of targeted therapies, such as arsenic trioxide and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), which have significantly improved patient outcomes. The increasing incidence of APL, particularly in older populations, along with ongoing research and clinical trials aimed at optimizing treatment protocols, are key factors contributing to market growth.

APL was one of the most fatal subtypes of AML at presentation or induction prior to the development of the differentiation factor fully transformed retinoic acid (ATRA), largely because of complicated and frequently fatal bleeding disorders. ATRA and arsenic trioxide (ATO) therapy have, however, made adult AML subtypes that were previously very lethal more manageable. The combination of ATRA and ATO is also a highly effective and potentially curative therapy, and it has frequently emerged as the most innovative new therapeutic approach for the treatment of APL, completely undoing the effects of conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy, according to a number of studies. Premature hemorrhagic death before and during induction therapy continues to be the main factor in the failure of APL treatment, even though relapse rates are now noticeably lower in high-risk patients (white blood cell [WBC]; 10 x 109/L at baseline). As a result, decreasing premature death has emerged as one of the most crucial objectives in the management of APL, which will raise the disease's cure rate.

Report Highlights

Acute promyelocytic leukemia - Current Market Trends

Acute promyelocytic leukemia - Current & Forecasted Cases across the G8 Countries

Acute promyelocytic leukemia - Market Opportunities and Sales Potential for Agents

Acute promyelocytic leukemia - Patient-based Market Forecast to 2035

Acute promyelocytic leukemia - Untapped Business Opportunities

Acute promyelocytic leukemia - Product Positioning Vis-a-vis Competitors' Products

Acute promyelocytic leukemia - KOLs Insight