Global Ad Spending Market 2024-2028

PUBLISHED: August 14, 2024

PAGES: 156 Pages

DELIVERY TIME: 1-2 business days

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The ad spending market is forecasted to grow by USD 331.5 bn during 2023-2028, accelerating at a CAGR of 8.51% during the forecast period. The report on the ad spending market provides a holistic analysis, market size and forecast, trends, growth drivers, and challenges, as well as vendor analysis covering around 25 vendors.

The report offers an up-to-date analysis regarding the current market scenario, the latest trends and drivers, and the overall market environment. The market is driven by increase in number of ad-exchange platforms, proliferation of mobile applications, and growth in smartphone and tablet shipments.

Technavio's ad spending market is segmented as below:

Market Scope
Base Year	2024
End Year	2028
Series Year	2024-2028
Growth Momentum	Accelerate
YOY 2024	7.67%
CAGR	8.51%
Incremental Value	$331.5 bn

By Type

Digital
TV
OOH
Print

By Geographical Landscape

North America
APAC
Europe
South America
Middle East and Africa

This study identifies the incorporation of ar in advertising as one of the prime reasons driving the ad spending market growth during the next few years. Also, increase in use of ai as a tool for advertisement and high adoption of programmatic advertising will lead to sizable demand in the market.

The report on the ad spending market covers the following areas:

Ad spending market sizing
Ad spending market forecast
Ad spending market industry analysis

The robust vendor analysis is designed to help clients improve their market position, and in line with this, this report provides a detailed analysis of several leading ad spending market vendors that include Alphabet Inc., Baidu Inc., Burkhart Advertising Inc., Captivate LLC, Clear Channel Outdoor Holdings Inc., Comcast Corp., Daniel J. Edelman Holdings Inc., Fairway Outdoor LLC, Focus Media Information Technology Co. Ltd., JCDecaux SE, Meta Platforms Inc., Microsoft Corp., Omnicom Group Inc., OUTFRONT Media Inc., Publicis Groupe SA, Stroer SE and Co. KGaA, The Interpublic Group of Companies Inc., Twitter Inc., Verizon Communications Inc., and WPP Plc. Also, the ad spending market analysis report includes information on upcoming trends and challenges that will influence market growth. This is to help companies strategize and leverage all forthcoming growth opportunities.

The study was conducted using an objective combination of primary and secondary information including inputs from key participants in the industry. The report contains a comprehensive market and vendor landscape in addition to an analysis of the key vendors.

The publisher presents a detailed picture of the market by the way of study, synthesis, and summation of data from multiple sources by an analysis of key parameters such as profit, pricing, competition, and promotions. It presents various market facets by identifying the key industry influencers. The data presented is comprehensive, reliable, and a result of extensive research - both primary and secondary. The market research reports provide a complete competitive landscape and an in-depth vendor selection methodology and analysis using qualitative and quantitative research to forecast the accurate market growth.

Product Code: IRTNTR72954

1 Executive Summary

1.1 Market overview
- Executive Summary - Chart on Market Overview
- Executive Summary - Data Table on Market Overview
- Executive Summary - Chart on Global Market Characteristics
- Executive Summary - Chart on Market By Geographical Landscape
- Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by Type
- Executive Summary - Chart on Incremental Growth
- Executive Summary - Data Table on Incremental Growth
- Executive Summary - Chart on Company Market Positioning

2 Market Landscape

2.1 Market ecosystem
- Parent Market
- Data Table on - Parent Market
2.2 Market characteristics
- Market characteristics analysis
2.3 Value chain analysis
- Value Chain Analysis

3 Market Sizing

3.1 Market definition
- Offerings of companies included in the market definition
3.2 Market segment analysis
- Market segments
3.3 Market size 2023
3.4 Market outlook: Forecast for 2023-2028
- Chart on Global - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
- Data Table on Global - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
- Chart on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
- Data Table on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)

4 Historic Market Size

4.1 Global Ad Spending Market 2018 - 2022
- Historic Market Size - Data Table on Global Ad Spending Market 2018 - 2022 ($ billion)
4.2 Type segment analysis 2018 - 2022
- Historic Market Size - Type Segment 2018 - 2022 ($ billion)
4.3 Geography segment analysis 2018 - 2022
- Historic Market Size - Geography Segment 2018 - 2022 ($ billion)
4.4 Country segment analysis 2018 - 2022
- Historic Market Size - Country Segment 2018 - 2022 ($ billion)

5 Five Forces Analysis

5.1 Five forces summary
- Five forces analysis - Comparison between 2023 and 2028
5.2 Bargaining power of buyers
- Bargaining power of buyers - Impact of key factors 2023 and 2028
5.3 Bargaining power of suppliers
- Bargaining power of suppliers - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028
5.4 Threat of new entrants
- Threat of new entrants - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028
5.5 Threat of substitutes
- Threat of substitutes - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028
5.6 Threat of rivalry
- Threat of rivalry - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028
5.7 Market condition
- Chart on Market condition - Five forces 2023 and 2028

6 Market Segmentation by Type

6.1 Market segments
- Chart on Type - Market share 2023-2028 (%)
- Data Table on Type - Market share 2023-2028 (%)
6.2 Comparison by Type
- Chart on Comparison by Type
- Data Table on Comparison by Type
6.3 Digital - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
- Chart on Digital - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
- Data Table on Digital - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
- Chart on Digital - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
- Data Table on Digital - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
6.4 TV - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
- Chart on TV - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
- Data Table on TV - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
- Chart on TV - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
- Data Table on TV - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
6.5 OOH - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
- Chart on OOH - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
- Data Table on OOH - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
- Chart on OOH - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
- Data Table on OOH - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
6.6 Print - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
- Chart on Print - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
- Data Table on Print - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
- Chart on Print - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
- Data Table on Print - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
6.7 Market opportunity by Type
- Market opportunity by Type ($ billion)
- Data Table on Market opportunity by Type ($ billion)

7 Customer Landscape

7.1 Customer landscape overview
- Analysis of price sensitivity, lifecycle, customer purchase basket, adoption rates, and purchase criteria

8 Geographic Landscape

8.1 Geographic segmentation
- Chart on Market share By Geographical Landscape 2023-2028 (%)
- Data Table on Market share By Geographical Landscape 2023-2028 (%)
8.2 Geographic comparison
- Chart on Geographic comparison
- Data Table on Geographic comparison
8.3 North America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
- Chart on North America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
- Data Table on North America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
- Chart on North America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
- Data Table on North America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
8.4 APAC - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
- Chart on APAC - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
- Data Table on APAC - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
- Chart on APAC - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
- Data Table on APAC - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
8.5 Europe - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
- Chart on Europe - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
- Data Table on Europe - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
- Chart on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
- Data Table on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
8.6 South America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
- Chart on South America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
- Data Table on South America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
- Chart on South America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
- Data Table on South America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
8.7 Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
- Chart on Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
- Data Table on Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
- Chart on Middle East and Africa - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
- Data Table on Middle East and Africa - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
8.8 US - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
- Chart on US - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
- Data Table on US - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
- Chart on US - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
- Data Table on US - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
8.9 China - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
- Chart on China - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
- Data Table on China - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
- Chart on China - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
- Data Table on China - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
8.10 Canada - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
- Chart on Canada - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
- Data Table on Canada - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
- Chart on Canada - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
- Data Table on Canada - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
8.11 Japan - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
- Chart on Japan - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
- Data Table on Japan - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
- Chart on Japan - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
- Data Table on Japan - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
8.12 UK - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
- Chart on UK - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
- Data Table on UK - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
- Chart on UK - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
- Data Table on UK - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
8.13 Market opportunity By Geographical Landscape
- Market opportunity By Geographical Landscape ($ billion)
- Data Tables on Market opportunity By Geographical Landscape ($ billion)

9 Drivers, Challenges, and Opportunity/Restraints

9.1 Market drivers
9.2 Market challenges
9.3 Impact of drivers and challenges
- Impact of drivers and challenges in 2023 and 2028
9.4 Market opportunities/restraints

10 Competitive Landscape

10.1 Overview
10.2 Competitive Landscape
- Overview on criticality of inputs and factors of differentiation
10.3 Landscape disruption
- Overview on factors of disruption
10.4 Industry risks
- Impact of key risks on business

11 Competitive Analysis

11.1 Companies profiled
- Companies covered
11.2 Market positioning of companies
- Matrix on companies position and classification
11.3 Alphabet Inc.
- Alphabet Inc. - Overview
- Alphabet Inc. - Business segments
- Alphabet Inc. - Key offerings
- Alphabet Inc. - Segment focus
11.4 Baidu Inc.
- Baidu Inc. - Overview
- Baidu Inc. - Business segments
- Baidu Inc. - Key offerings
- Baidu Inc. - Segment focus
11.5 Clear Channel Outdoor Holdings Inc.
- Clear Channel Outdoor Holdings Inc. - Overview
- Clear Channel Outdoor Holdings Inc. - Business segments
- Clear Channel Outdoor Holdings Inc. - Key offerings
- Clear Channel Outdoor Holdings Inc. - Segment focus
11.6 Comcast Corp.
- Comcast Corp. - Overview
- Comcast Corp. - Business segments
- Comcast Corp. - Key news
- Comcast Corp. - Key offerings
- Comcast Corp. - Segment focus
11.7 Daniel J. Edelman Holdings Inc.
- Daniel J. Edelman Holdings Inc. - Overview
- Daniel J. Edelman Holdings Inc. - Product / Service
- Daniel J. Edelman Holdings Inc. - Key offerings
11.8 JCDecaux SE
- JCDecaux SE - Overview
- JCDecaux SE - Business segments
- JCDecaux SE - Key offerings
- JCDecaux SE - Segment focus
11.9 Meta Platforms Inc.
- Meta Platforms Inc. - Overview
- Meta Platforms Inc. - Business segments
- Meta Platforms Inc. - Key news
- Meta Platforms Inc. - Key offerings
- Meta Platforms Inc. - Segment focus
11.10 Omnicom Group Inc.
- Omnicom Group Inc. - Overview
- Omnicom Group Inc. - Product / Service
- Omnicom Group Inc. - Key offerings
11.11 Publicis Groupe SA
- Publicis Groupe SA - Overview
- Publicis Groupe SA - Product / Service
- Publicis Groupe SA - Key offerings
11.12 The Interpublic Group of Companies Inc.
- The Interpublic Group of Companies Inc. - Overview
- The Interpublic Group of Companies Inc. - Business segments
- The Interpublic Group of Companies Inc. - Key news
- The Interpublic Group of Companies Inc. - Key offerings
- The Interpublic Group of Companies Inc. - Segment focus

12 Appendix

12.1 Scope of the report
12.2 Inclusions and exclusions checklist
- Inclusions checklist
- Exclusions checklist
12.3 Currency conversion rates for US$
- Currency conversion rates for US$
12.4 Research methodology
- Research methodology
12.5 Data procurement
- Information sources
12.6 Data validation
- Data validation
12.7 Validation techniques employed for market sizing
- Validation techniques employed for market sizing
12.8 Data synthesis
- Data synthesis
12.9 360 degree market analysis
- 360 degree market analysis
12.10 List of abbreviations
- List of abbreviations

Product Code: IRTNTR72954

Exhibits:

Exhibits1: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Overview
Exhibits2: Executive Summary - Data Table on Market Overview
Exhibits3: Executive Summary - Chart on Global Market Characteristics
Exhibits4: Executive Summary - Chart on Market By Geographical Landscape
Exhibits5: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by Type
Exhibits6: Executive Summary - Chart on Incremental Growth
Exhibits7: Executive Summary - Data Table on Incremental Growth
Exhibits8: Executive Summary - Chart on Company Market Positioning
Exhibits9: Parent Market
Exhibits10: Data Table on - Parent Market
Exhibits11: Market characteristics analysis
Exhibits12: Value Chain Analysis
Exhibits13: Offerings of companies included in the market definition
Exhibits14: Market segments
Exhibits15: Chart on Global - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
Exhibits16: Data Table on Global - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
Exhibits17: Chart on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Exhibits18: Data Table on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Exhibits19: Historic Market Size - Data Table on Global Ad Spending Market 2018 - 2022 ($ billion)
Exhibits20: Historic Market Size - Type Segment 2018 - 2022 ($ billion)
Exhibits21: Historic Market Size - Geography Segment 2018 - 2022 ($ billion)
Exhibits22: Historic Market Size - Country Segment 2018 - 2022 ($ billion)
Exhibits23: Five forces analysis - Comparison between 2023 and 2028
Exhibits24: Bargaining power of buyers - Impact of key factors 2023 and 2028
Exhibits25: Bargaining power of suppliers - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028
Exhibits26: Threat of new entrants - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028
Exhibits27: Threat of substitutes - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028
Exhibits28: Threat of rivalry - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028
Exhibits29: Chart on Market condition - Five forces 2023 and 2028
Exhibits30: Chart on Type - Market share 2023-2028 (%)
Exhibits31: Data Table on Type - Market share 2023-2028 (%)
Exhibits32: Chart on Comparison by Type
Exhibits33: Data Table on Comparison by Type
Exhibits34: Chart on Digital - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
Exhibits35: Data Table on Digital - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
Exhibits36: Chart on Digital - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Exhibits37: Data Table on Digital - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Exhibits38: Chart on TV - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
Exhibits39: Data Table on TV - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
Exhibits40: Chart on TV - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Exhibits41: Data Table on TV - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Exhibits42: Chart on OOH - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
Exhibits43: Data Table on OOH - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
Exhibits44: Chart on OOH - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Exhibits45: Data Table on OOH - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Exhibits46: Chart on Print - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
Exhibits47: Data Table on Print - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
Exhibits48: Chart on Print - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Exhibits49: Data Table on Print - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Exhibits50: Market opportunity by Type ($ billion)
Exhibits51: Data Table on Market opportunity by Type ($ billion)
Exhibits52: Analysis of price sensitivity, lifecycle, customer purchase basket, adoption rates, and purchase criteria
Exhibits53: Chart on Market share By Geographical Landscape 2023-2028 (%)
Exhibits54: Data Table on Market share By Geographical Landscape 2023-2028 (%)
Exhibits55: Chart on Geographic comparison
Exhibits56: Data Table on Geographic comparison
Exhibits57: Chart on North America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
Exhibits58: Data Table on North America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
Exhibits59: Chart on North America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Exhibits60: Data Table on North America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Exhibits61: Chart on APAC - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
Exhibits62: Data Table on APAC - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
Exhibits63: Chart on APAC - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Exhibits64: Data Table on APAC - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Exhibits65: Chart on Europe - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
Exhibits66: Data Table on Europe - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
Exhibits67: Chart on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Exhibits68: Data Table on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Exhibits69: Chart on South America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
Exhibits70: Data Table on South America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
Exhibits71: Chart on South America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Exhibits72: Data Table on South America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Exhibits73: Chart on Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
Exhibits74: Data Table on Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
Exhibits75: Chart on Middle East and Africa - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Exhibits76: Data Table on Middle East and Africa - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Exhibits77: Chart on US - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
Exhibits78: Data Table on US - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
Exhibits79: Chart on US - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Exhibits80: Data Table on US - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Exhibits81: Chart on China - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
Exhibits82: Data Table on China - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
Exhibits83: Chart on China - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Exhibits84: Data Table on China - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Exhibits85: Chart on Canada - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
Exhibits86: Data Table on Canada - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
Exhibits87: Chart on Canada - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Exhibits88: Data Table on Canada - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Exhibits89: Chart on Japan - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
Exhibits90: Data Table on Japan - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
Exhibits91: Chart on Japan - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Exhibits92: Data Table on Japan - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Exhibits93: Chart on UK - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
Exhibits94: Data Table on UK - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
Exhibits95: Chart on UK - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Exhibits96: Data Table on UK - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Exhibits97: Market opportunity By Geographical Landscape ($ billion)
Exhibits98: Data Tables on Market opportunity By Geographical Landscape ($ billion)
Exhibits99: Impact of drivers and challenges in 2023 and 2028
Exhibits100: Overview on criticality of inputs and factors of differentiation
Exhibits101: Overview on factors of disruption
Exhibits102: Impact of key risks on business
Exhibits103: Companies covered
Exhibits104: Matrix on companies position and classification
Exhibits105: Alphabet Inc. - Overview
Exhibits106: Alphabet Inc. - Business segments
Exhibits107: Alphabet Inc. - Key offerings
Exhibits108: Alphabet Inc. - Segment focus
Exhibits109: Baidu Inc. - Overview
Exhibits110: Baidu Inc. - Business segments
Exhibits111: Baidu Inc. - Key offerings
Exhibits112: Baidu Inc. - Segment focus
Exhibits113: Clear Channel Outdoor Holdings Inc. - Overview
Exhibits114: Clear Channel Outdoor Holdings Inc. - Business segments
Exhibits115: Clear Channel Outdoor Holdings Inc. - Key offerings
Exhibits116: Clear Channel Outdoor Holdings Inc. - Segment focus
Exhibits117: Comcast Corp. - Overview
Exhibits118: Comcast Corp. - Business segments
Exhibits119: Comcast Corp. - Key news
Exhibits120: Comcast Corp. - Key offerings
Exhibits121: Comcast Corp. - Segment focus
Exhibits122: Daniel J. Edelman Holdings Inc. - Overview
Exhibits123: Daniel J. Edelman Holdings Inc. - Product / Service
Exhibits124: Daniel J. Edelman Holdings Inc. - Key offerings
Exhibits125: JCDecaux SE - Overview
Exhibits126: JCDecaux SE - Business segments
Exhibits127: JCDecaux SE - Key offerings
Exhibits128: JCDecaux SE - Segment focus
Exhibits129: Meta Platforms Inc. - Overview
Exhibits130: Meta Platforms Inc. - Business segments
Exhibits131: Meta Platforms Inc. - Key news
Exhibits132: Meta Platforms Inc. - Key offerings
Exhibits133: Meta Platforms Inc. - Segment focus
Exhibits134: Omnicom Group Inc. - Overview
Exhibits135: Omnicom Group Inc. - Product / Service
Exhibits136: Omnicom Group Inc. - Key offerings
Exhibits137: Publicis Groupe SA - Overview
Exhibits138: Publicis Groupe SA - Product / Service
Exhibits139: Publicis Groupe SA - Key offerings
Exhibits140: The Interpublic Group of Companies Inc. - Overview
Exhibits141: The Interpublic Group of Companies Inc. - Business segments
Exhibits142: The Interpublic Group of Companies Inc. - Key news
Exhibits143: The Interpublic Group of Companies Inc. - Key offerings
Exhibits144: The Interpublic Group of Companies Inc. - Segment focus
Exhibits145: Inclusions checklist
Exhibits146: Exclusions checklist
Exhibits147: Currency conversion rates for US$
Exhibits148: Research methodology
Exhibits149: Information sources
Exhibits150: Data validation
Exhibits151: Validation techniques employed for market sizing
Exhibits152: Data synthesis
Exhibits153: 360 degree market analysis
Exhibits154: List of abbreviations