Shoe Care Market - Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast 2031 - By Product, Technology, Grade, Application, End-user, Region: (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America and Middle East and Africa)

Description

The shoe care market has experienced significant growth, generating a revenue of US$ 5,802 million in 2024, according to a recent report by Fairfield Market Research. The market is poised to witness accelerated demand, with top market players holding a prominent share in 2024. The global shoe care market is projected to reach a valuation of US$ 9,210 million by 2031.

Key Market Insights:

Diverse Shoe Care Products:

Shoe care encompasses various products such as polish, sprays, lotions, wax, and brushes, catering to the need for maintaining footwear in proper quality, color, and shape.
The market also offers shoe cleaning and upkeep items to keep shoes looking fresh and well-maintained.

Technological Advancements:

Manufacturers are focusing on technological advancements and new product development to meet evolving consumer demands.
Innovations like 3D printing in shoe production and the introduction of technologically advanced shoes contribute to the rising demand for shoe maintenance products.

Popularity of Leather Shoes:

The global popularity of high-ankle leather shoes, driven by celebrity endorsements and commercials, is increasing, leading to greater demand for leather shoe care products.
Leather shoes require regular maintenance due to their sensitivity to temperature changes, further boosting demand for leather shoe care solutions.

Medical Footwear Segment:

The introduction of orthopedic and medical shoes has led to increased innovation and research in the medical field, potentially driving demand for shoe care products.
Orthopedic shoes for patients with specific medical conditions may contribute to the growth of the shoe care market.

Changing Consumer Preferences:

Consumer preferences are shifting with a preference for low-cost, replaceable shoes, impacting the sales of shoe care products.
Manufacturers are adapting by producing shoes with lower maintenance costs, challenging the demand for traditional shoe care products.

Country-wise Insights:

United States:

The U.S. market benefits from the corporate culture, encouraging the use of formal shoes, leading to increased sales of shoe care products like polish.
Growing adoption of mobile phones offers access to a wide variety of footwear, further driving demand for shoe care solutions.

India:

India's growing economy and digital ecosystem present opportunities for shoe customization and the use of 3D printing in shoemaking, potentially boosting the shoe care industry.
Millennials in India are embracing Western trends, opening avenues for customized shoe care products.

China:

China's expanding consumer goods consumption and industrial growth are expected to increase sales of shoe care products.
Frequent consolidation among new firms in the Chinese market may further impact sales.

Competitive Landscape:

Market players are adopting innovative strategies to enhance efficiency and reduce operational costs.
Collaborations and partnerships with key players and suppliers are expected to contribute to cost savings and increased market presence.

Key Companies Profiled:

S.C. JOHNSON & SON
Fiebing Company, Inc.
Caleres Inc.
C.A. Zoes Mfg Co.
Woodland Worldwide
Collonil Company
RSPL Limited
New Balance Athletics, Inc.
C&J Clark International Limited
Salamander France SAS
Lincoln Shoe Polish c/o Maxton & Company
Griffin Shoe Care
TARRAGO BRANDS INTERNATIONIAL, S.L.
OTTER WAX LLC
and Others

Key Segments Covered in Shoe Care Industry Research

By Product

Shoe Care

Shoe Polish

Others

Shoe Clean
Shoe Care Accessories

By Application

Formal Shoe Care
Casual Shoe Care
Sports Shoe Care
Others

By Sales Channel

Hypermarkets/ Supermarkets
Specialty Stores
Multi-brand Stores
Online Retailers
Wholesalers & Distributors
Other Sales Channels

Region

North America
Latin America
Europe
East Asia
South Asia
Oceania
Middle East & Africa (MEA)

1. Executive Summary

1.1. Global Shoe Care Market Snapshot
1.2. Future Projections
1.3. Key Market Trends
1.4. Regional Snapshot, by Value, 2023
1.5. Analyst Recommendations

2. Market Overview

2.1. Market Definitions and Segmentations
2.2. Market Dynamics
- 2.2.1. Drivers
- 2.2.2. Restraints
- 2.2.3. Market Opportunities
2.3. Value Chain Analysis
2.4. Porter's Five Forces Analysis
2.5. COVID-19 Impact Analysis
- 2.5.1. Supply
- 2.5.2. Demand
2.6. Impact of Ukraine-Russia Conflict
2.7. Economic Overview
- 2.7.1. World Economic Projections
2.8. PESTLE Analysis

3. Global Shoe Care Market Outlook, 2018 - 2031

3.1. Global Shoe Care Market Outlook, by Product Type, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
- 3.1.1. Key Highlights
  - 3.1.1.1. Shoe Care
    - 3.1.1.1.1. Shoe Polish
    - 3.1.1.1.2. Others
  - 3.1.1.2. Shoe Clean
  - 3.1.1.3. Shoe Care Accessories
3.2. Global Shoe Care Market Outlook, by Application, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
- 3.2.1. Key Highlights
  - 3.2.1.1. Formal Shoe Care
  - 3.2.1.2. Casual Shoe Care
  - 3.2.1.3. Sports Shoe Care
  - 3.2.1.4. Others
3.3. Global Shoe Care Market Outlook, by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
- 3.3.1. Key Highlights
  - 3.3.1.1. Hypermarkets/Supermarkets
  - 3.3.1.2. Specialty Stores
  - 3.3.1.3. Multi-brand Stores
  - 3.3.1.4. Online Retailers
  - 3.3.1.5. Wholesalers & Distributors
  - 3.3.1.6. Other Sales Channels
3.4. Global Shoe Care Market Outlook, by Region, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
- 3.4.1. Key Highlights
  - 3.4.1.1. North America
  - 3.4.1.2. Europe
  - 3.4.1.3. Asia Pacific
  - 3.4.1.4. Latin America
  - 3.4.1.5. Middle East & Africa

4. North America Shoe Care Market Outlook, 2018 - 2031

4.1. North America Shoe Care Market Outlook, by Product Type, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
- 4.1.1. Key Highlights
  - 4.1.1.1. Shoe Care
    - 4.1.1.1.1. Shoe Polish
    - 4.1.1.1.2. Others
  - 4.1.1.2. Shoe Clean
  - 4.1.1.3. Shoe Care Accessories
4.2. North America Shoe Care Market Outlook, by Application, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
- 4.2.1. Key Highlights
  - 4.2.1.1. Formal Shoe Care
  - 4.2.1.2. Casual Shoe Care
  - 4.2.1.3. Sports Shoe Care
  - 4.2.1.4. Others
4.3. North America Shoe Care Market Outlook, by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
- 4.3.1. Key Highlights
  - 4.3.1.1. Hypermarkets/Supermarkets
  - 4.3.1.2. Specialty Stores
  - 4.3.1.3. Multi-brand Stores
  - 4.3.1.4. Online Retailers
  - 4.3.1.5. Wholesalers & Distributors
  - 4.3.1.6. Other Sales Channels
- 4.3.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis
4.4. North America Shoe Care Market Outlook, by Country, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
- 4.4.1. Key Highlights
  - 4.4.1.1. U.S. Shoe Care Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 4.4.1.2. U.S. Shoe Care Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 4.4.1.3. U.S. Shoe Care Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 4.4.1.4. Canada Shoe Care Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 4.4.1.5. Canada Shoe Care Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 4.4.1.6. Canada Shoe Care Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
- 4.4.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis

5. Europe Shoe Care Market Outlook, 2018 - 2031

5.1. Europe Shoe Care Market Outlook, by Product Type, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
- 5.1.1. Key Highlights
  - 5.1.1.1. Shoe Care
    - 5.1.1.1.1. Shoe Polish
    - 5.1.1.1.2. Others
  - 5.1.1.2. Shoe Clean
  - 5.1.1.3. Shoe Care Accessories
5.2. Europe Shoe Care Market Outlook, by Application, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
- 5.2.1. Key Highlights
  - 5.2.1.1. Amateur
  - 5.2.1.2. Formal Shoe Care
  - 5.2.1.3. Casual Shoe Care
  - 5.2.1.4. Sports Shoe Care
  - 5.2.1.5. Others
5.3. Europe Shoe Care Market Outlook, by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
- 5.3.1. Key Highlights
  - 5.3.1.1. Hypermarkets/Supermarkets
  - 5.3.1.2. Specialty Stores
  - 5.3.1.3. Multi-brand Stores
  - 5.3.1.4. Online Retailers
  - 5.3.1.5. Wholesalers & Distributors
  - 5.3.1.6. Other Sales Channels
- 5.3.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis
5.4. Europe Shoe Care Market Outlook, by Country, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
- 5.4.1. Key Highlights
  - 5.4.1.1. Germany Shoe Care Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 5.4.1.2. Germany Shoe Care Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 5.4.1.3. Germany Shoe Care Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 5.4.1.4. U.K. Shoe Care Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 5.4.1.5. U.K. Shoe Care Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 5.4.1.6. U.K. Shoe Care Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 5.4.1.7. France Shoe Care Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 5.4.1.8. France Shoe Care Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 5.4.1.9. France Shoe Care Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 5.4.1.10. Italy Shoe Care Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 5.4.1.11. Italy Shoe Care Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 5.4.1.12. Italy Shoe Care Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 5.4.1.13. Turkey Shoe Care Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 5.4.1.14. Turkey Shoe Care Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 5.4.1.15. Turkey Shoe Care Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 5.4.1.16. Russia Shoe Care Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 5.4.1.17. Russia Shoe Care Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 5.4.1.18. Russia Shoe Care Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 5.4.1.19. Rest of Europe Shoe Care Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 5.4.1.20. Rest of Europe Shoe Care Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 5.4.1.21. Rest of Europe Shoe Care Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
- 5.4.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis

6. Asia Pacific Cassava Starch Market Outlook, 2018 - 2031

6.1. Asia Pacific Cassava Starch Market Outlook, by Product Type, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
- 6.1.1. Key Highlights
  - 6.1.1.1. Shoe Care
    - 6.1.1.1.1. Shoe Polish
    - 6.1.1.1.2. Others
  - 6.1.1.2. Shoe Clean
  - 6.1.1.3. Shoe Care Accessories
6.2. Asia Pacific Shoe Care Market Outlook, by Application, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
- 6.2.1. Key Highlights
  - 6.2.1.1. Formal Shoe Care
  - 6.2.1.2. Casual Shoe Care
  - 6.2.1.3. Sports Shoe Care
  - 6.2.1.4. Others
6.3. Asia Pacific Shoe Care Market Outlook, by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
- 6.3.1. Key Highlights
  - 6.3.1.1. Hypermarkets/Supermarkets
  - 6.3.1.2. Specialty Stores
  - 6.3.1.3. Multi-brand Stores
  - 6.3.1.4. Online Retailers
  - 6.3.1.5. Wholesalers & Distributors
  - 6.3.1.6. Other Sales Channels
- 6.3.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis
6.4. Asia Pacific Shoe Care Market Outlook, by Country, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
- 6.4.1. Key Highlights
  - 6.4.1.1. China Shoe Care Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 6.4.1.2. China Shoe Care Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 6.4.1.3. China Shoe Care Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 6.4.1.4. Japan Shoe Care Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 6.4.1.5. Japan Shoe Care Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 6.4.1.6. Japan Shoe Care Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 6.4.1.7. South Korea Shoe Care Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 6.4.1.8. South Korea Shoe Care Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 6.4.1.9. South Korea Shoe Care Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 6.4.1.10. India Shoe Care Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 6.4.1.11. India Shoe Care Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 6.4.1.12. India Shoe Care Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 6.4.1.13. Southeast Asia Shoe Care Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 6.4.1.14. Southeast Asia Shoe Care Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 6.4.1.15. Southeast Asia Shoe Care Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 6.4.1.16. Rest of Asia Pacific Shoe Care Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 6.4.1.17. Rest of Asia Pacific Shoe Care Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 6.4.1.18. Rest of Asia Pacific Shoe Care Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
- 6.4.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis

7. Latin America Shoe Care Market Outlook, 2018 - 2031

7.1. Latin America Shoe Care Market Outlook, by Product Type, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
- 7.1.1. Key Highlights
  - 7.1.1.1. Shoe Care
    - 7.1.1.1.1. Shoe Polish
    - 7.1.1.1.2. Others
  - 7.1.1.2. Shoe Clean
  - 7.1.1.3. Shoe Care Accessories
7.2. Latin America Shoe Care Market Outlook, by Application, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
7.3. Latin America Shoe Care Market Outlook, by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
- 7.3.1. Key Highlights
  - 7.3.1.1. Hypermarkets/Supermarkets
  - 7.3.1.2. Specialty Stores
  - 7.3.1.3. Multi-brand Stores
  - 7.3.1.4. Online Retailers
  - 7.3.1.5. Wholesalers & Distributors
  - 7.3.1.6. Other Sales Channels
- 7.3.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis
7.4. Latin America Shoe Care Market Outlook, by Country, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
- 7.4.1. Key Highlights
  - 7.4.1.1. Brazil Shoe Care Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 7.4.1.2. Brazil Shoe Care Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 7.4.1.3. Brazil Shoe Care Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 7.4.1.4. Mexico Shoe Care Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 7.4.1.5. Mexico Shoe Care Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 7.4.1.6. Mexico Shoe Care Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 7.4.1.7. Argentina Shoe Care Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 7.4.1.8. Argentina Shoe Care Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 7.4.1.9. Argentina Shoe Care Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 7.4.1.10. Rest of Latin America Shoe Care Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 7.4.1.11. Rest of Latin America Shoe Care Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 7.4.1.12. Rest of Latin America Shoe Care Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
- 7.4.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis

8. Middle East & Africa Shoe Care Market Outlook, 2018 - 2031

8.1. Middle East & Africa Shoe Care Market Outlook, by Product Type, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
- 8.1.1. Key Highlights
  - 8.1.1.1. Shoe Care
    - 8.1.1.1.1. Shoe Polish
    - 8.1.1.1.2. Others
  - 8.1.1.2. Shoe Clean
  - 8.1.1.3. Shoe Care Accessories
8.2. Middle East & Africa Shoe Care Market Outlook, by Application, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
- 8.2.1. Key Highlights
  - 8.2.1.1. Formal Shoe Care
  - 8.2.1.2. Casual Shoe Care
  - 8.2.1.3. Sports Shoe Care
  - 8.2.1.4. Others
8.3. Middle East & Africa Shoe Care Market Outlook, by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
- 8.3.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis
8.4. Middle East & Africa Shoe Care Market Outlook, by Country, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
- 8.4.1. Key Highlights
  - 8.4.1.1. GCC Shoe Care Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 8.4.1.2. GCC Shoe Care Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 8.4.1.3. GCC Shoe Care Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 8.4.1.4. South Africa Shoe Care Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 8.4.1.5. South Africa Shoe Care Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 8.4.1.6. South Africa Shoe Care Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 8.4.1.7. Egypt Shoe Care Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 8.4.1.8. Egypt Shoe Care Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 8.4.1.9. Egypt Shoe Care Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 8.4.1.10. Nigeria Shoe Care Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 8.4.1.11. Nigeria Shoe Care Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 8.4.1.12. Nigeria Shoe Care Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 8.4.1.13. Rest of Middle East & Africa Shoe Care Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 8.4.1.14. Rest of Middle East & Africa Shoe Care Market by Application, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
  - 8.4.1.15. Rest of Middle East & Africa Shoe Care Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Mn), 2018 - 2031
- 8.4.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis

9. Competitive Landscape

9.1. By Sales Channel vs by Application Heat map
9.2. Manufacturer vs by Application Heatmap
9.3. Company Market Share Analysis, 2023
9.4. Competitive Dashboard
9.5. Company Profiles
- 9.5.1. S.C. JOHNSON & SON
  - 9.5.1.1. Company Overview
  - 9.5.1.2. Product Portfolio
  - 9.5.1.3. Financial Overview
  - 9.5.1.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 9.5.2. Fiebing Company, Inc.
  - 9.5.2.1. Company Overview
  - 9.5.2.2. Product Portfolio
  - 9.5.2.3. Financial Overview
  - 9.5.2.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 9.5.3. Caleres Inc.
  - 9.5.3.1. Company Overview
  - 9.5.3.2. Product Portfolio
  - 9.5.3.3. Financial Overview
  - 9.5.3.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 9.5.4. C.A. Zoes Mfg Co.
  - 9.5.4.1. Company Overview
  - 9.5.4.2. Product Portfolio
  - 9.5.4.3. Financial Overview
  - 9.5.4.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 9.5.5. Woodland Worldwide
  - 9.5.5.1. Company Overview
  - 9.5.5.2. Product Portfolio
  - 9.5.5.3. Financial Overview
  - 9.5.5.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 9.5.6. Collonil Company
  - 9.5.6.1. Company Overview
  - 9.5.6.2. Product Portfolio
  - 9.5.6.3. Financial Overview
  - 9.5.6.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 9.5.7. RSPL Limited
  - 9.5.7.1. Company Overview
  - 9.5.7.2. Product Portfolio
  - 9.5.7.3. Financial Overview
  - 9.5.7.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 9.5.8. New Balance Athletics, Inc.
  - 9.5.8.1. Company Overview
  - 9.5.8.2. Product Portfolio
  - 9.5.8.3. Financial Overview
  - 9.5.8.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 9.5.9. C&J Clark International Limited
  - 9.5.9.1. Company Overview
  - 9.5.9.2. Product Portfolio
  - 9.5.9.3. Financial Overview
  - 9.5.9.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 9.5.10. Salamander France SAS
  - 9.5.10.1. Company Overview
  - 9.5.10.2. Product Portfolio
  - 9.5.10.3. Financial Overview
  - 9.5.10.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 9.5.11. Griffin Shoe Care
  - 9.5.11.1. Company Overview
  - 9.5.11.2. Product Portfolio
  - 9.5.11.3. Financial Overview
  - 9.5.11.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 9.5.12. TARRAGO BRANDS INTERNATIONIAL, S.L.
  - 9.5.12.1. Company Overview
  - 9.5.12.2. Product Portfolio
  - 9.5.12.3. Financial Overview
  - 9.5.12.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 9.5.13. OTTER WAX LLC
  - 9.5.13.1. Company Overview
  - 9.5.13.2. Product Portfolio
  - 9.5.13.3. Financial Overview
  - 9.5.13.4. Business Strategies and Development

10. Appendix

10.1. Research Methodology
10.2. Report Assumptions
10.3. Acronyms and Abbreviations