The Global Market for Wearable Electronics and Sensors 2025-2035

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• 1.1. The evolution of electronics
• 1.2. The wearables revolution
• 1.3. The wearable tech market in 2024
• 1.4. Wearable market leaders
• 1.5. Continuous monitoring
• 1.6. Market map for wearable electronics and sensors
• 1.7. From rigid to flexible and stretchable
• 1.8. Flexible and stretchable electronics in wearables
• 1.9. Stretchable artificial skin
• 1.10. Role in the metaverse
• 1.11. Wearable electronics in the textiles industry
• 1.12. New conductive materials
• 1.13. Entertainment
• 1.14. Growth in flexible and stretchable electronics market
  • 1.14.1. Recent growth in Printed, flexible and stretchable products
  • 1.14.2. Future growth
  • 1.14.3. Advanced materials as a market driver
  • 1.14.4. Growth in remote health monitoring and diagnostics
• 1.15. Innovations at CES 2021-2024
• 1.16. Investment funding and buy-outs 2019-2024
• 1.17. Flexible hybrid electronics (FHE)
• 1.18. Sustainability in flexible electronics

2. INTRODUCTION

• 2.1. Introduction to wearable technology and wearable sensors
  • 2.1.1. What is wearable technology?
    • 2.1.1.1. Wearable sensing
      • 2.1.1.1.1. Types
      • 2.1.1.1.2. Market trends in wearable sensors
      • 2.1.1.1.3. Markets
• 2.2. Form factors
  • 2.2.1. Smart Watches
  • 2.2.2. Smart Bands
  • 2.2.3. Smart Glasses
  • 2.2.4. Smart Clothing
  • 2.2.5. Smart Patches
  • 2.2.6. Smart Rings
  • 2.2.7. Hearables
  • 2.2.8. Head-Mounted
  • 2.2.9. Smart Insoles
• 2.3. Wearable sensors
  • 2.3.1. Motion Sensors
    • 2.3.1.1. Overview
    • 2.3.1.2. Technology and Components
      • 2.3.1.2.1. Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs)
        • 2.3.1.2.1.1. MEMs accelerometers
        • 2.3.1.2.1.2. MEMS Gyroscopes
        • 2.3.1.2.1.3. IMUs in smart-watches
      • 2.3.1.2.2. Tunneling magnetoresistance sensors (TMR)
    • 2.3.1.3. Applications
  • 2.3.2. Optical Sensors
    • 2.3.2.1. Overview
    • 2.3.2.2. Technology and Components
      • 2.3.2.2.1. Photoplethysmography (PPG)
      • 2.3.2.2.2. Spectroscopy
      • 2.3.2.2.3. Photodetectors
    • 2.3.2.3. Applications
      • 2.3.2.3.1. Heart Rate Optical Sensors
      • 2.3.2.3.2. Pulse Oximetry Optical Sensors
        • 2.3.2.3.2.1. Blood oxygen measurement
        • 2.3.2.3.2.2. Wellness and Medical Applications
        • 2.3.2.3.2.3. Consumer Pulse Oximetry
        • 2.3.2.3.2.4. Pediatric Applications
        • 2.3.2.3.2.5. Skin Patches
      • 2.3.2.3.3. Blood Pressure Optical Sensors
        • 2.3.2.3.3.1. Commercialization
        • 2.3.2.3.3.2. Oscillometric blood pressure measurement
        • 2.3.2.3.3.3. Combination of PPG and ECG
        • 2.3.2.3.3.4. Non-invasive Blood Pressure Sensing
        • 2.3.2.3.3.5. Blood Pressure Hearables
      • 2.3.2.3.4. Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring Optical Sensors
        • 2.3.2.3.4.1. Overview
        • 2.3.2.3.4.2. Other Optical Approaches
      • 2.3.2.3.5. fNIRS Optical Sensors
        • 2.3.2.3.5.1. Overview
        • 2.3.2.3.5.2. Brain-Computer Interfaces
  • 2.3.3. Force Sensors
    • 2.3.3.1. Overview
      • 2.3.3.1.1. Piezoresistive force sensing
      • 2.3.3.1.2. Thin film pressure sensors
    • 2.3.3.2. Technology and Components
      • 2.3.3.2.1. Materials
      • 2.3.3.2.2. Piezoelectric polymers
      • 2.3.3.2.3. Temperature sensing and Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM) integration
      • 2.3.3.2.4. Wearable force and pressure sensors
  • 2.3.4. Strain Sensors
    • 2.3.4.1. Overview
    • 2.3.4.2. Technology and Components
    • 2.3.4.3. Applications
      • 2.3.4.3.1. Healthcare
      • 2.3.4.3.2. Wearable Strain Sensors
      • 2.3.4.3.3. Temperature Sensors
  • 2.3.5. Chemical Sensors
    • 2.3.5.1. Overview
    • 2.3.5.2. Optical Chemical Sensors
    • 2.3.5.3. Technology and Components
      • 2.3.5.3.1. Continuous Glucose Monitoring
      • 2.3.5.3.2. Commercial CGM systems
    • 2.3.5.4. Applications
      • 2.3.5.4.1. Sweat-based glucose monitoring
      • 2.3.5.4.2. Tear glucose measurement
      • 2.3.5.4.3. Salivary glucose monitoring
      • 2.3.5.4.4. Breath analysis for glucose monitoring
      • 2.3.5.4.5. Urine glucose monitoring
  • 2.3.6. Biosensors
    • 2.3.6.1. Overview
    • 2.3.6.2. Applications
      • 2.3.6.2.1. Wearable Alcohol Sensors
      • 2.3.6.2.2. Wearable Lactate Sensors
      • 2.3.6.2.3. Wearable Hydration Sensors
      • 2.3.6.2.4. Smart diaper technology
      • 2.3.6.2.5. Ultrasound technology
      • 2.3.6.2.6. Microneedle technology for continuous fluid sampling
  • 2.3.7. Quantum Sensors
    • 2.3.7.1. Magnetometry
    • 2.3.7.2. Tunneling magnetoresistance sensors
    • 2.3.7.3. Chip-scale atomic clocks
  • 2.3.8. Wearable Electrodes
    • 2.3.8.1. Overview
    • 2.3.8.2. Applications
      • 2.3.8.2.1. Skin Patches and E-textiles
    • 2.3.8.3. Technology and Components
      • 2.3.8.3.1. Electrode Selection
      • 2.3.8.3.2. E-textiles
      • 2.3.8.3.3. Microneedle electrodes
      • 2.3.8.3.4. Electronic Skins
    • 2.3.8.4. Applications
      • 2.3.8.4.1. Electrocardiogram (ECG) wearable electrodes
      • 2.3.8.4.2. Electroencephalography (EEG) wearable electrodes represent
      • 2.3.8.4.3. Electromyography (EMG) wearable electrodes
      • 2.3.8.4.4. Bioimpedance wearable electrodes

3. MANUFACTURING METHODS

• 3.1. Comparative analysis
• 3.2. Printed electronics
  • 3.2.1. Technology description
  • 3.2.2. SWOT analysis
• 3.3. 3D electronics
  • 3.3.1. Technology description
  • 3.3.2. SWOT analysis
• 3.4. Analogue printing
  • 3.4.1. Technology description
  • 3.4.2. SWOT analysis
• 3.5. Digital printing
  • 3.5.1. Technology description
  • 3.5.2. SWOT analysis
• 3.6. In-mold electronics (IME)
  • 3.6.1. Technology description
  • 3.6.2. SWOT analysis
• 3.7. Roll-to-roll (R2R)
  • 3.7.1. Technology description
  • 3.7.2. SWOT analysis

4. MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS

• 4.1. Component attachment materials
  • 4.1.1. Conductive adhesives
  • 4.1.2. Biodegradable adhesives
  • 4.1.3. Magnets
  • 4.1.4. Bio-based solders
  • 4.1.5. Bio-derived solders
  • 4.1.6. Recycled plastics
  • 4.1.7. Nano adhesives
  • 4.1.8. Shape memory polymers
  • 4.1.9. Photo-reversible polymers
  • 4.1.10. Conductive biopolymers
  • 4.1.11. Traditional thermal processing methods
  • 4.1.12. Low temperature solder
  • 4.1.13. Reflow soldering
  • 4.1.14. Induction soldering
  • 4.1.15. UV curing
  • 4.1.16. Near-infrared (NIR) radiation curing
  • 4.1.17. Photonic sintering/curing
  • 4.1.18. Hybrid integration
• 4.2. Conductive inks
  • 4.2.1. Metal-based conductive inks
  • 4.2.2. Nanoparticle inks
  • 4.2.3. Silver inks
  • 4.2.4. Particle-Free conductive ink
  • 4.2.5. Copper inks
  • 4.2.6. Gold (Au) ink
  • 4.2.7. Conductive polymer inks
  • 4.2.8. Liquid metals
  • 4.2.9. Companies
• 4.3. Printable semiconductors
  • 4.3.1. Technology overview
  • 4.3.2. Advantages and disadvantages
  • 4.3.3. SWOT analysis
• 4.4. Printable sensing materials
  • 4.4.1. Overview
  • 4.4.2. Types
  • 4.4.3. SWOT analysis
• 4.5. Flexible Substrates
  • 4.5.1. Flexible plastic substrates
    • 4.5.1.1. Types of materials
    • 4.5.1.2. Flexible (bio) polyimide PCBs
  • 4.5.2. Paper substrates
    • 4.5.2.1. Overview
  • 4.5.3. Glass substrates
    • 4.5.3.1. Overview
  • 4.5.4. Textile substrates
• 4.6. Flexible ICs
  • 4.6.1. Description
  • 4.6.2. Flexible metal oxide ICs
  • 4.6.3. Comparison of flexible integrated circuit technologies
  • 4.6.4. SWOT analysis
• 4.7. Printed PCBs
  • 4.7.1. Description
  • 4.7.2. High-Speed PCBs
  • 4.7.3. Flexible PCBs
  • 4.7.4. 3D Printed PCBs
  • 4.7.5. Sustainable PCBs
• 4.8. Thin film batteries
  • 4.8.1. Technology description
  • 4.8.2. SWOT analysis
• 4.9. Energy harvesting
  • 4.9.1. Approaches
  • 4.9.2. Perovskite photovoltaics
  • 4.9.3. Applications
  • 4.9.4. SWOT analysis

5. CONSUMER ELECTRONICS WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY

• 5.1. Market drivers and trends
• 5.2. Wearable sensors
  • 5.2.1. Types
  • 5.2.2. Wearable sensor technologies
  • 5.2.3. Opportunities
  • 5.2.4. Consumer acceptance
  • 5.2.5. Healthcare
  • 5.2.6. Trends
• 5.3. Wearable actuators
  • 5.3.1. Applications
  • 5.3.2. Types
  • 5.3.3. Electrical stimulation technologies
  • 5.3.4. Regulations
  • 5.3.5. Batteries
  • 5.3.6. Wireless communication technologies
• 5.4. Recent market developments
• 5.5. Wrist-worn wearables
  • 5.5.1. Overview
  • 5.5.2. Recent developments and future outlook
  • 5.5.3. Wrist-worn sensing technologies
  • 5.5.4. Activity tracking
  • 5.5.5. Advanced biometric sensing
    • 5.5.5.1. Blood oxygen and respiration rate
    • 5.5.5.2. Established sensor hardware
    • 5.5.5.3. Blood Pressure
    • 5.5.5.4. Spectroscopic technologies
    • 5.5.5.5. Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring
    • 5.5.5.6. Minimally invasive glucose monitoring
  • 5.5.6. Wrist-worn communication technologies
  • 5.5.7. Luxury and traditional watch industry
  • 5.5.8. Smart-strap technologies
  • 5.5.9. Driver monitoring technologies
  • 5.5.10. Sports-watches, smart-watches and fitness trackers
    • 5.5.10.1. Sensing
    • 5.5.10.2. Actuating
    • 5.5.10.3. SWOT analysis
  • 5.5.11. Health monitoring
  • 5.5.12. Energy harvesting for powering smartwatches
  • 5.5.13. Main producers and products
• 5.6. Sports and fitness
  • 5.6.1. Overview
  • 5.6.2. Wearable devices and apparel
  • 5.6.3. Skin patches
  • 5.6.4. Products
• 5.7. Hearables
  • 5.7.1. Hearing assistance technologies
    • 5.7.1.1. Products
  • 5.7.2. Technology advancements
  • 5.7.3. Assistive Hearables
    • 5.7.3.1. Biometric Monitoring
  • 5.7.4. SWOT analysis
  • 5.7.5. Health & Fitness Hearables
  • 5.7.6. Multimedia Hearables
  • 5.7.7. Artificial Intelligence (AI)
  • 5.7.8. Biometric Monitoring
    • 5.7.8.1. Sensors
    • 5.7.8.2. Heart Rate Monitoring in Sports Headphones
    • 5.7.8.3. Integration into hearing assistance
    • 5.7.8.4. Advanced Sensing Technologies
    • 5.7.8.5. Blood pressure hearables
    • 5.7.8.6. Sleep monitoring market
  • 5.7.9. Companies and products
• 5.8. Sleep trackers and wearable monitors
  • 5.8.1. Built in function in smart watches and fitness trackers
  • 5.8.2. Smart rings
  • 5.8.3. Headbands
  • 5.8.4. Sleep monitoring devices
    • 5.8.4.1. Companies and products
• 5.9. Pet and animal wearables
• 5.10. Military wearables
• 5.11. Industrial and workplace monitoring
  • 5.11.1. Products
• 5.12. Global market forecasts
  • 5.12.1. Volume
  • 5.12.2. Revenues
• 5.13. Market challenges
• 5.14. Company profiles (123 company profiles)

6. MEDICAL AND HEALTHCARE WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY

• 6.1. Market drivers
• 6.2. Current state of the art
  • 6.2.1. Wearables for Digital Health
  • 6.2.2. Wearable medical device products
  • 6.2.3. Temperature and respiratory rate monitoring
• 6.3. Wearable and health monitoring and rehabilitation
  • 6.3.1. Market overview
  • 6.3.2. Companies and products
• 6.4. Electronic skin patches
  • 6.4.1. Electrochemical biosensors
  • 6.4.2. Printed pH sensors
  • 6.4.3. Printed batteries
  • 6.4.4. Materials
    • 6.4.4.1. Summary of advanced materials
  • 6.4.5. Temperature and respiratory rate monitoring
    • 6.4.5.1. Market overview
    • 6.4.5.2. Companies and products
  • 6.4.6. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)
    • 6.4.6.1. Market overview
  • 6.4.7. Minimally-invasive CGM sensors
    • 6.4.7.1. Technologies
  • 6.4.8. Non-invasive CGM sensors
    • 6.4.8.1. Commercial devices
    • 6.4.8.2. Companies and products
  • 6.4.9. Cardiovascular monitoring
    • 6.4.9.1. Market overview
    • 6.4.9.2. ECG sensors
      • 6.4.9.2.1. Companies and products
    • 6.4.9.3. PPG sensors
      • 6.4.9.3.1. Companies and products
  • 6.4.10. Pregnancy and newborn monitoring
    • 6.4.10.1. Market overview
    • 6.4.10.2. Companies and products
  • 6.4.11. Hydration sensors
    • 6.4.11.1. Market overview
    • 6.4.11.2. Companies and products
  • 6.4.12. Wearable sweat sensors (medical and sports)
    • 6.4.12.1. Market overview
    • 6.4.12.2. Companies and products
• 6.5. Wearable drug delivery
  • 6.5.1. Companies and products
• 6.6. Cosmetics patches
  • 6.6.1. Companies and products
• 6.7. Femtech devices
  • 6.7.1. Companies and products
• 6.8. Smart footwear for health monitoring
  • 6.8.1. Companies and products
• 6.9. Smart contact lenses and smart glasses for visually impaired
  • 6.9.1. Companies and products
• 6.10. Smart woundcare
  • 6.10.1. Companies and products
• 6.11. Smart diapers
  • 6.11.1. Companies and products
• 6.12. Wearable robotics-exo-skeletons, bionic prostheses, exo-suits, and body worn collaborative robots
  • 6.12.1. Companies and products
• 6.13. Global market forecasts
  • 6.13.1. Volume
  • 6.13.2. Revenues
• 6.14. Market challenges
• 6.15. Company profiles (331 company profiles)

7. GAMING AND ENTERTAINMENT WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY (VR/AR/MR)

• 7.1. Introduction
• 7.2. Classification of VR, AR, MR, and XR
  • 7.2.1. XR controllers and sensing systems
  • 7.2.2. XR positional and motion tracking systems
  • 7.2.3. Wearable technology for XR
  • 7.2.4. Wearable Gesture Sensors for XR
  • 7.2.5. Edge Sensing and AI
  • 7.2.6. VR Technology
    • 7.2.6.1. Overview
    • 7.2.6.2. VR Headset Types
    • 7.2.6.3. Future outlook for VR technology
    • 7.2.6.4. VR Lens Technology
    • 7.2.6.5. VR challenges
    • 7.2.6.6. Market growth
  • 7.2.7. AR Technology
    • 7.2.7.1. Overview
    • 7.2.7.2. AR and MR distinction
    • 7.2.7.3. AR for Assistive Technology
    • 7.2.7.4. Consumer AR market
    • 7.2.7.5. Optics Technology for AR and VR
      • 7.2.7.5.1. Optical Combiners
    • 7.2.7.6. AR display technology
    • 7.2.7.7. Challenges
  • 7.2.8. Metaverse
  • 7.2.9. Mixed Reality (MR) smart glasses
  • 7.2.10. OLED microdisplays
    • 7.2.10.1. MiniLED
      • 7.2.10.1.1. High dynamic range miniLED displays
      • 7.2.10.1.2. Quantum dot films for miniLED displays
    • 7.2.10.2. MicroLED
      • 7.2.10.2.1. Integration
      • 7.2.10.2.2. Transfer technologies
      • 7.2.10.2.3. MicroLED display specifications
      • 7.2.10.2.4. Advantages
      • 7.2.10.2.5. Transparency
      • 7.2.10.2.6. Costs
      • 7.2.10.2.7. MicroLED contact lenses
      • 7.2.10.2.8. Products
      • 7.2.10.2.9. VR and AR MicroLEDs
• 7.3. Global market forecasts
  • 7.3.1. Volume
  • 7.3.2. Revenues
• 7.4. Company profiles (96 company profiles)

8. ELECTRONIC TEXTILES (E-TEXTILES) AND SMART APPAREL

• 8.1. Macro-trends
• 8.2. Market drivers
• 8.3. SWOT analysis
• 8.4. Performance requirements for E-textiles
• 8.5. Growth prospects for electronic textiles
• 8.6. Textiles in the Internet of Things
• 8.7. Types of E-Textile products
  • 8.7.1. Embedded e-textiles
  • 8.7.2. Laminated e-textiles
• 8.8. Materials and components
  • 8.8.1. Integrating electronics for E-Textiles
    • 8.8.1.1. Textile-adapted
    • 8.8.1.2. Textile-integrated
    • 8.8.1.3. Textile-based
  • 8.8.2. Manufacturing of E-textiles
    • 8.8.2.1. Integration of conductive polymers and inks
    • 8.8.2.2. Integration of conductive yarns and conductive filament fibers
    • 8.8.2.3. Integration of conductive sheets
  • 8.8.3. Flexible and stretchable electronics
  • 8.8.4. E-textiles materials and components
    • 8.8.4.1. Conductive and stretchable fibers and yarns
      • 8.8.4.1.1. Production
      • 8.8.4.1.2. Metals
      • 8.8.4.1.3. Carbon materials and nanofibers
        • 8.8.4.1.3.1. Graphene
        • 8.8.4.1.3.2. Carbon nanotubes
        • 8.8.4.1.3.3. Nanofibers
    • 8.8.4.2. Mxenes
    • 8.8.4.3. Hexagonal boron-nitride (h-BN)/Bboron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs)
    • 8.8.4.4. Conductive polymers
      • 8.8.4.4.1. PDMS
      • 8.8.4.4.2. PEDOT: PSS
      • 8.8.4.4.3. Polypyrrole (PPy)
      • 8.8.4.4.4. Conductive polymer composites
      • 8.8.4.4.5. Ionic conductive polymers
    • 8.8.4.5. Conductive inks
      • 8.8.4.5.1. Aqueous-Based Ink
      • 8.8.4.5.2. Solvent-Based Ink
      • 8.8.4.5.3. Oil-Based Ink
      • 8.8.4.5.4. Hot-Melt Ink
      • 8.8.4.5.5. UV-Curable Ink
      • 8.8.4.5.6. Metal-based conductive inks
        • 8.8.4.5.6.1. Nanoparticle ink
        • 8.8.4.5.6.2. Silver inks
          • 8.8.4.5.6.2.1. Silver flake
          • 8.8.4.5.6.2.2. Silver nanoparticle ink
          • 8.8.4.5.6.2.3. Formulation
          • 8.8.4.5.6.2.4. Conductivity
          • 8.8.4.5.6.2.5. Particle-Free silver conductive ink
        • 8.8.4.5.6.3. Copper inks
          • 8.8.4.5.6.3.1. Properties
          • 8.8.4.5.6.3.2. Silver-coated copper
        • 8.8.4.5.6.4. Gold (Au) ink
          • 8.8.4.5.6.4.1. Properties
      • 8.8.4.5.7. Carbon-based conductive inks
        • 8.8.4.5.7.1. Carbon nanotubes
        • 8.8.4.5.7.2. Single-walled carbon nanotubes
        • 8.8.4.5.7.3. Graphene
      • 8.8.4.5.8. Liquid metals
        • 8.8.4.5.8.1. Properties
    • 8.8.4.6. Electronic filaments
    • 8.8.4.7. Phase change materials
      • 8.8.4.7.1. Temperature controlled fabrics
    • 8.8.4.8. Shape memory materials
    • 8.8.4.9. Metal halide perovskites
    • 8.8.4.10. Nanocoatings in smart textiles
    • 8.8.4.11. 3D printing
      • 8.8.4.11.1. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
      • 8.8.4.11.2. Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)
      • 8.8.4.11.3. Products
  • 8.8.5. E-textiles components
    • 8.8.5.1. Sensors and actuators
      • 8.8.5.1.1. Physiological sensors
      • 8.8.5.1.2. Environmental sensors
      • 8.8.5.1.3. Pressure sensors
        • 8.8.5.1.3.1. Flexible capacitive sensors
        • 8.8.5.1.3.2. Flexible piezoresistive sensors
        • 8.8.5.1.3.3. Flexible piezoelectric sensors
      • 8.8.5.1.4. Activity sensors
      • 8.8.5.1.5. Strain sensors
        • 8.8.5.1.5.1. Resistive sensors
        • 8.8.5.1.5.2. Capacitive strain sensors
      • 8.8.5.1.6. Temperature sensors
      • 8.8.5.1.7. Inertial measurement units (IMUs)
    • 8.8.5.2. Electrodes
    • 8.8.5.3. Connectors
• 8.9. Applications, markets and products
  • 8.9.1. Current E-textiles and smart clothing products
  • 8.9.2. Temperature monitoring and regulation
    • 8.9.2.1. Heated clothing
    • 8.9.2.2. Heated gloves
    • 8.9.2.3. Heated insoles
    • 8.9.2.4. Heated jacket and clothing products
    • 8.9.2.5. Materials used in flexible heaters and applications
  • 8.9.3. Stretchable E-fabrics
  • 8.9.4. Therapeutic products
  • 8.9.5. Sport & fitness
    • 8.9.5.1. Products
  • 8.9.6. Smart footwear
    • 8.9.6.1. Companies and products
  • 8.9.7. Wearable displays
  • 8.9.8. Military
  • 8.9.9. Textile-based lighting
    • 8.9.9.1. OLEDs
  • 8.9.10. Smart gloves
  • 8.9.11. Powering E-textiles
    • 8.9.11.1. Advantages and disadvantages of main battery types for E-textiles
    • 8.9.11.2. Bio-batteries
    • 8.9.11.3. Challenges for battery integration in smart textiles
    • 8.9.11.4. Textile supercapacitors
    • 8.9.11.5. Energy harvesting
      • 8.9.11.5.1. Photovoltaic solar textiles
      • 8.9.11.5.2. Energy harvesting nanogenerators
        • 8.9.11.5.2.1. TENGs
        • 8.9.11.5.2.2. PENGs
      • 8.9.11.5.3. Radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting
  • 8.9.12. Motion capture for AR/VR
• 8.10. Global market forecasts
  • 8.10.1. Volume
  • 8.10.2. Revenues
• 8.11. Market challenges
• 8.12. Company profiles (152 company profiles)

9. ENERGY STORAGE AND HARVESTING FOR WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY

• 9.1. Macro-trends
• 9.2. Market drivers
• 9.3. SWOT analysis
• 9.4. Battery Development
  • 9.4.1. Enhanced Energy Density and Performance
  • 9.4.2. Stretchable Batteries
  • 9.4.3. Textile-Based Batteries
  • 9.4.4. Printable Batteries
  • 9.4.5. Sustainable and Biodegradable Batteries
  • 9.4.6. Self-Healing Batteries
  • 9.4.7. Solid-State Flexible Batteries
  • 9.4.8. Integration with Energy Harvesting
  • 9.4.9. Nanostructured Materials
  • 9.4.10. Thin-Film Battery Technologies
• 9.5. Applications of printed and flexible electronics
• 9.6. Flexible and stretchable batteries for electronics
• 9.7. Approaches to flexibility
• 9.8. Flexible Battery Technologies
  • 9.8.1. Thin-film Lithium-ion Batteries
    • 9.8.1.1. Types of Flexible/stretchable LIBs
      • 9.8.1.1.1. Flexible planar LiBs
      • 9.8.1.1.2. Flexible Fiber LiBs
      • 9.8.1.1.3. Flexible micro-LiBs
      • 9.8.1.1.4. Stretchable lithium-ion batteries
      • 9.8.1.1.5. Origami and kirigami lithium-ion batteries
    • 9.8.1.2. Flexible Li/S batteries
    • 9.8.1.3. Flexible lithium-manganese dioxide (Li-MnO2) batteries
  • 9.8.2. Printed Batteries
    • 9.8.2.1. Technical specifications
    • 9.8.2.2. Components
    • 9.8.2.3. Design
    • 9.8.2.4. Key features
      • 9.8.2.4.1. Printable current collectors
      • 9.8.2.4.2. Printable electrodes
      • 9.8.2.4.3. Materials
      • 9.8.2.4.4. Applications
      • 9.8.2.4.5. Printing techniques
      • 9.8.2.4.6. Lithium-ion (LIB) printed batteries
      • 9.8.2.4.7. Zinc-based printed batteries
      • 9.8.2.4.8. 3D Printed batteries
    • 9.8.2.5. 3D Printing techniques for battery manufacturing
      • 9.8.2.5.1.1. Materials for 3D printed batteries
  • 9.8.3. Thin-Film Solid-state Batteries
    • 9.8.3.1. Solid-state electrolytes
    • 9.8.3.2. Features and advantages
    • 9.8.3.3. Technical specifications
    • 9.8.3.4. Microbatteries
      • 9.8.3.4.1. Introduction
      • 9.8.3.4.2. 3D designs
  • 9.8.4. Stretchable Batteries
  • 9.8.5. Other Emerging Technologies
    • 9.8.5.1. Metal-sulfur batteries
    • 9.8.5.2. Flexible zinc-based batteries
    • 9.8.5.3. Flexible silver-zinc (Ag-Zn) batteries
    • 9.8.5.4. Flexible Zn-Air batteries
    • 9.8.5.5. Flexible zinc-vanadium batteries
    • 9.8.5.6. Fiber-shaped batteries
      • 9.8.5.6.1. Carbon nanotubes
      • 9.8.5.6.2. Applications
      • 9.8.5.6.3. Challenges
    • 9.8.5.7. Transparent batteries
      • 9.8.5.7.1. Components
    • 9.8.5.8. Degradable batteries
      • 9.8.5.8.1. Components
    • 9.8.5.9. Fiber-shaped batteries
      • 9.8.5.9.1. Carbon nanotubes
      • 9.8.5.9.2. Types
      • 9.8.5.9.3. Applications
      • 9.8.5.9.4. Challenges
• 9.9. Key Components of Flexible Batteries
  • 9.9.1. Electrodes
    • 9.9.1.1. Cable-type batteries
    • 9.9.1.2. Batteries-on-wire
  • 9.9.2. Electrolytes
  • 9.9.3. Separators
  • 9.9.4. Current Collectors
    • 9.9.4.1. Carbon Materials for Current Collectors in Flexible Batteries
  • 9.9.5. Packaging
    • 9.9.5.1. Lithium-Polymer Pouch Cells
    • 9.9.5.2. Flexible Pouch Cells
    • 9.9.5.3. Encapsulation Materials
  • 9.9.6. Other Manufacturing Techniques
• 9.10. Performance Metrics and Characteristics
  • 9.10.1. Energy Density
  • 9.10.2. Power Density
  • 9.10.3. Cycle Life
  • 9.10.4. Flexibility and Bendability
• 9.11. Printed supercapacitors
  • 9.11.1. Electrode materials
  • 9.11.2. Electrolytes
• 9.12. Photovoltaics
  • 9.12.1. Conductive pastes
  • 9.12.2. Organic photovoltaics (OPV)
  • 9.12.3. Perovskite PV
  • 9.12.4. Flexible and stretchable photovoltaics
    • 9.12.4.1. Companies
  • 9.12.5. Photovoltaic solar textiles
  • 9.12.6. Solar tape
  • 9.12.7. Origami-like solar cells
  • 9.12.8. Spray-on and stick-on perovskite photovoltaics
  • 9.12.9. Photovoltaic solar textiles
• 9.13. Transparent and flexible heaters
  • 9.13.1. Technology overview
  • 9.13.2. Applications
    • 9.13.2.1. Automotive Industry
      • 9.13.2.1.1. Defrosting and Defogging Systems
      • 9.13.2.1.2. Heated Windshields and Mirrors
      • 9.13.2.1.3. Touch Panels and Displays
    • 9.13.2.2. Aerospace and Aviation
      • 9.13.2.2.1. Aircraft Windows and Canopies
      • 9.13.2.2.2. Sensor and Camera Housings
    • 9.13.2.3. Consumer Electronics
      • 9.13.2.3.1. Smartphones and Tablets
      • 9.13.2.3.2. Wearable Devices
      • 9.13.2.3.3. Smart Home Appliances
    • 9.13.2.4. Building and Architecture
      • 9.13.2.4.1. Smart Windows
      • 9.13.2.4.2. Heated Glass Facades
      • 9.13.2.4.3. Greenhouse and Skylight Applications
    • 9.13.2.5. Medical and Healthcare
      • 9.13.2.5.1. Incubators and Warming Beds
      • 9.13.2.5.2. Surgical Microscopes and Endoscopes
      • 9.13.2.5.3. Medical Imaging Equipment
    • 9.13.2.6. Display Technologies
      • 9.13.2.6.1. LCD Displays
      • 9.13.2.6.2. OLED Displays
      • 9.13.2.6.3. Flexible and Transparent Displays
    • 9.13.2.7. Energy Systems
      • 9.13.2.7.1. Solar Panels (De-icing and Efficiency Enhancement)
      • 9.13.2.7.2. Fuel Cells
      • 9.13.2.7.3. Battery Systems
• 9.14. Thermoelectric energy harvesting
• 9.15. Market challenges
• 9.16. Global market forecasts
  • 9.16.1. Volume
  • 9.16.2. Revenues
• 9.17. Companies (60 company profiles)

10. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

11. REFERENCES

List of Tables

• Table 1. Types of wearable devices and applications
• Table 2. Types of wearable devices and the data collected
• Table 3. Main Wearable Device Companies by Shipment Volume, Market Share, and Year-Over-Year Growth, (million units)
• Table 4. New wearable tech products 2022-2024
• Table 5. Wearable market leaders by market segment
• Table 6. Applications in printed, flexible and stretchable electronics, by advanced materials type and benefits thereof
• Table 7. Advanced materials for Printed, flexible and stretchable sensors and Electronics-Advantages and disadvantages
• Table 8. Sheet resistance (RS) and transparency (T) values for transparent conductive oxides and alternative materials for transparent conductive electrodes (TCE)
• Table 9. Wearable electronics at CES 2021-2024
• Table 10. Wearables Investment funding and buy-outs 2019-2024
• Table 11. Comparative analysis of conventional and flexible hybrid electronics
• Table 12. Materials, components, and manufacturing methods for FHE
• Table 13. Research and commercial activity in FHE
• Table 14. Value proposition of wearable sensors versus non wearable alternatives
• Table 15. Overview of Wearable Sensor Types
• Table 16. Market Drivers in the Wearable Sensor Market
• Table 17. Markets for Wearable Sensors
• Table 18. Wearable Electronic Form Factors
• Table 19. Trends in Wearable Sensor Innovations by Form-Factor:
• Table 20. Applications and Opportunities for TMRs in Wearables
• Table 21. Wearable Motion Sensors Applications
• Table 22. Applications of Photoplethysmography (PPG)
• Table 23. Wearable Brands in Cardiovascular Clinical Research
• Table 24. Technologies for Cuff-less Blood Pressure
• Table 25. Market outlook for Wearable Blood Pressure Devices
• Table 26. Non-invasive glucose monitoring
• Table 27. fNIRS Companies
• Table 28. Comparing fNIRS to Other Non-invasive Brain Imaging Methods
• Table 29. Thin Film Pressure Sensor Architectures
• Table 30. Applications of Printed Force Sensors
• Table 31. Companies in Printed Strain Sensors
• Table 32. Types of Temperature Sensor
• Table 33. Technology Readiness Level for strain sensors
• Table 34. Commercial CGM Devices
• Table 35. Applications of Wearable Chemical Sensors
• Table 36. Market Outlook of Wearable Sensors for Novel Biometrics
• Table 37. Applications of Wearable OPMs - MEG
• Table 38. Applications and Market Opportunities for TMRs
• Table 39. Wearable Electrode Types
• Table 40. Applications of wearable electrodes
• Table 41. Printed Electrodes for Skin Patches and E-textiles
• Table 42. Companies in Wearable Electrodes
• Table 43. Materials and Manufacturing Approaches for Electronic Skins
• Table 44. Wearable electrodes Applications
• Table 45. Manufacturing Methods for Wearable Electronics
• Table 46. Manufacturing methods for printed, flexible and hybrid electronics
• Table 47. Common printing methods used in printed electronics manufacturing in terms of resolution vs throughput
• Table 48. Manufacturing methods for 3D electronics
• Table 49. Readiness level of various additive manufacturing technologies for electronics applications
• Table 50. Fully 3D printed electronics process steps
• Table 51. Manufacturing methods for Analogue manufacturing
• Table 52. Technological and commercial readiness level of analogue printing methods
• Table 53. Manufacturing methods for Digital printing
• Table 54. Innovations in high resolution printing
• Table 55. Key manufacturing methods for creating smart surfaces with integrated electronics
• Table 56. IME manufacturing techniques
• Table 57. Applications of R2R electronics manufacturing
• Table 58. Technology readiness level for R2R manufacturing
• Table 59. Materials for wearable electronics and sensors
• Table 60. Comparison of component attachment materials
• Table 61. Comparison between sustainable and conventional component attachment materials for printed circuit boards
• Table 62. Comparison between the SMAs and SMPs
• Table 63. Comparison of conductive biopolymers versus conventional materials for printed circuit board fabrication
• Table 64. Low temperature solder alloys
• Table 65. Thermally sensitive substrate materials
• Table 66. Typical conductive ink formulation
• Table 67. Comparative properties of conductive inks
• Table 68. Comparison of the electrical conductivities of liquid metal with typical conductive inks
• Table 69. Conductive ink producers
• Table 70. Technology readiness level of printed semiconductors
• Table 71. Organic semiconductors: Advantages and disadvantages
• Table 72. Market Drivers for printed/flexible sensors
• Table 73. Overview of specific printed/flexible sensor types
• Table 74. Properties of typical flexible substrates
• Table 75. Comparison of stretchable substrates
• Table 76. Main types of materials used as flexible plastic substrates in flexible electronics
• Table 77. Applications of flexible (bio) polyimide PCBs
• Table 78. Paper substrates: Advantages and disadvantages
• Table 79. Comparison of flexible integrated circuit technologies
• Table 80. PCB manufacturing process
• Table 81. Challenges in PCB manufacturing
• Table 82. 3D PCB manufacturing
• Table 83. Market drivers and trends in wearable electronics
• Table 84. Types of wearable sensors
• Table 85. Opportunities and challenges for the wearable technology industry
• Table 86. Drivers for Wearable Adoption and Innovation
• Table 87. Future Trends in Wearable Technology
• Table 88. Applications of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) and Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS)
• Table 89. Wearable batteries, displays and communication systems
• Table 90. Different sensing modalities that can be incorporated into wrist-worn wearable device
• Table 91. Overview of actuating at the wrist
• Table 92. Key players in Wrist-Worn Technology
• Table 93. Wearable health monitors
• Table 94. Sports-watches, smart-watches and fitness trackers producers and products
• Table 95. Wearable sensors for sports performance
• Table 96. Wearable sensor products for monitoring sport performance
• Table 97. Product types in the hearing assistance technology market
• Table 98. Audio and Hearing Assistance for Hearables
• Table 99. Hearing Assistance Technologies
• Table 100. Hearing Assistance Technology Products
• Table 101. Sensing options in the ear
• Table 102. Sensing Options in the Ear
• Table 103. Advantages and Limitations for Blood Pressure Hearables
• Table 104. Companies and products in hearables
• Table 105. Example wearable sleep tracker products and prices
• Table 106. Smart ring products
• Table 107. Sleep headband products
• Table 108. Sleep Headband Wearables
• Table 109. Wearable electronics sleep monitoring products
• Table 110. Pet and animal wearable electronics & sensors companies and products
• Table 111. Wearable electronics applications in the military
• Table 112. Industrial Wearable Electronics Product Table
• Table 113. Global market for wearable consumer electronics 2020-2035 by type (Millions Units)
• Table 114. Global market revenues for wearable consumer electronics, 2018-2035, (millions USD)
• Table 115. Market challenges in consumer wearable electronics
• Table 116. Market drivers for printed, flexible and stretchable medical and healthcare sensors and wearables
• Table 117. Examples of wearable medical device products
• Table 118. Medical wearable companies applying products to COVID-19 monitoring and analysis
• Table 119. Applications in flexible and stretchable health monitors, by advanced materials type and benefits thereof
• Table 120. Medical wearable companies applying products to temperate and respiratory monitoring and analysis
• Table 121. Technologies for minimally-invasive and non-invasive glucose detection-advantages and disadvantages
• Table 122. Commercial devices for non-invasive glucose monitoring not released or withdrawn from market
• Table 123. Minimally-invasive and non-invasive glucose monitoring products
• Table 124. ECG Patch Monitor and Clothing Products
• Table 125. PPG Wearable Electronics Companies and Products
• Table 126. Pregnancy and Newborn Monitoring Wearables
• Table 127. Companies developing wearable swear sensors
• Table 128. Wearable electronics drug delivery companies and products
• Table 129. Companies and products, cosmetics and drug delivery patches
• Table 130. Femtech Wearable Electronics
• Table 131. Companies developing femtech wearable technology
• Table 132. Companies and products in smart foowtear and insolves
• Table 133. Companies and products in smart contact lenses
• Table 134. Companies and products in smart wound care
• Table 135. Companies developing smart diaper products
• Table 136. Companies developing wearable robotics
• Table 137. Global Market for Wearable Medical & Healthcare Electronics 2020-2035 (Million Units)
• Table 138. Global market for Wearable medical & healthcare electronics, 2020-2035, millions of US dollars
• Table 139. Market challenges in medical and healthcare sensors and wearables
• Table 140. VR and AR Headset Classification
• Table 141. Applications of VR and AR Technology
• Table 142. XR Headset OEM Comparison
• Table 143. Timeline of Modern VR
• Table 144. VR Headset Types
• Table 145. AR Outlook by Device Type
• Table 146. AR Outlook by Computing Type
• Table 147. Augmented reality (AR) smart glass products
• Table 148. Mixed Reality (MR) smart glass products
• Table 149. Comparison between miniLED displays and other display types
• Table 150. Comparison of AR Display Light Engines
• Table 151. Comparison to conventional LEDs
• Table 152. Types of microLED
• Table 153. Summary of monolithic integration, monolithic hybrid integration (flip-chip/wafer bonding), and mass transfer technologies
• Table 154. Summary of different mass transfer technologies
• Table 155. Comparison to LCD and OLED
• Table 156. Schematic comparison to LCD and OLED
• Table 157. Commercially available microLED products and specifications
• Table 158. microLED-based display advantages and disadvantages
• Table 159. MicroLED based smart glass products
• Table 160. VR and AR MicroLED products
• Table 161. Global market for gaming and entertainment wearable technology, 2020-2035 (Million Units)
• Table 162. Global market for gaming and entertainment wearable technology, 2020-2035, millions of US dollars
• Table 163. Macro-trends for electronic textiles
• Table 164. Market drivers for printed, flexible, stretchable and organic electronic textiles
• Table 165. Examples of smart textile products
• Table 166. Performance requirements for E-textiles
• Table 167. Commercially available smart clothing products
• Table 168. Types of smart textiles
• Table 169. Comparison of E-textile fabrication methods
• Table 170. Types of fabrics for the application of electronic textiles
• Table 171. Methods for integrating conductive compounds
• Table 172. Methods for integrating conductive yarn and conductive filament fiber
• Table 173. 1D electronic fibers including the conductive materials, fabrication strategies, electrical conductivity, stretchability, and applications
• Table 174. Conductive materials used in smart textiles, their electrical conductivity and percolation threshold
• Table 175. Metal coated fibers and their mechanisms
• Table 176. Applications of carbon nanomaterials and other nanomaterials in e-textiles
• Table 177. Applications and benefits of graphene in textiles and apparel
• Table 178. Properties of CNTs and comparable materials
• Table 179. Properties of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN)
• Table 180. Types of flexible conductive polymers, properties and applications
• Table 181. Typical conductive ink formulation
• Table 182. Comparative properties of conductive inks
• Table 183. Comparison of pros and cons of various types of conductive ink compositions
• Table 184: Properties of CNTs and comparable materials
• Table 185. Properties of graphene
• Table 186. Electrical conductivity of different types of graphene
• Table 187. Comparison of the electrical conductivities of liquid metal with typical conductive inks
• Table 188. Nanocoatings applied in the smart textiles industry-type of coating, nanomaterials utilized, benefits and applications
• Table 189. 3D printed shoes
• Table 190. Sensors used in electronic textiles
• Table 191. Features of flexible strain sensors with different structures
• Table 192. Features of resistive and capacitive strain sensors
• Table 193. Typical applications and markets for e-textiles
• Table 194. Commercially available E-textiles and smart clothing products
• Table 195. Example heated jacket products
• Table 196. Heated Gloves Products
• Table 197. Heated Insoles Products
• Table 198. Heated jacket and clothing products
• Table 199. Examples of materials used in flexible heaters and applications
• Table 200. Wearable Electronic Therapeutics Products
• Table 201. Smart Textiles/E-Textiles for Healthcare and Fitness
• Table 202. Example wearable sensor products for monitoring sport performance
• Table 203.Companies and products in smart footwear
• Table 204. Commercial Applications of Wearable Displays
• Table 205. Applications of Wearable Displays
• Table 206. Wearable Electronics Applications in Military
• Table 207. Smart Gloves Companies and Products
• Table 208. Types of Power Supplies for Electronic Textiles
• Table 209. Advantages and disadvantages of batteries for E-textiles
• Table 210. Comparison of prototype batteries (flexible, textile, and other) in terms of area-specific performance
• Table 211. Advantages and disadvantages of photovoltaic, piezoelectric, triboelectric, and thermoelectric energy harvesting in of e-textiles
• Table 212. Teslasuit
• Table 213. Global market for printed and flexible E-textiles and smart apparel electronics, 2020-2035 (Million Units)
• Table 214. Global market for printed and flexible E-textiles and smart apparel electronics, 2020-2035, millions of US dollars
• Table 215. Market and technical challenges for E-textiles and smart clothing
• Table 216. Macro-trends in energy vstorage and harvesting for wearables
• Table 217. Market drivers for Printed and flexible electronic energy storage, generation and harvesting
• Table 218. Energy applications for printed/flexible electronics
• Table 219. Comparison of Flexible and Traditional Lithium-Ion Batteries
• Table 220. Material Choices for Flexible Battery Components
• Table 221. Flexible Li-ion battery products
• Table 222. Thin film vs bulk solid-state batteries
• Table 223. Summary of fiber-shaped lithium-ion batteries
• Table 224. Main components and properties of different printed battery types
• Table 225, Types of printable current collectors and the materials commonly used
• Table 226. Applications of printed batteries and their physical and electrochemical requirements
• Table 227. 2D and 3D printing techniques
• Table 228. Printing techniques applied to printed batteries
• Table 229. Main components and corresponding electrochemical values of lithium-ion printed batteries
• Table 230. Printing technique, main components and corresponding electrochemical values of printed batteries based on Zn-MnO2 and other battery types
• Table 231. Main 3D Printing techniques for battery manufacturing
• Table 232. Electrode Materials for 3D Printed Batteries
• Table 233. Main Fabrication Techniques for Thin-Film Batteries
• Table 234. Types of solid-state electrolytes
• Table 235. Market segmentation and status for solid-state batteries
• Table 236. Typical process chains for manufacturing key components and assembly of solid-state batteries
• Table 237. Comparison between liquid and solid-state batteries
• Table 238. Types of fiber-shaped batteries
• Table 239. Components of transparent batteries
• Table 240. Components of degradable batteries
• Table 241. Types of fiber-shaped batteries
• Table 242. Organic vs. Inorganic Solid-State Electrolytes
• Table 243. Electrode designs in flexible lithium-ion batteries
• Table 244. Packaging Procedures for Pouch Cells
• Table 245. Performance Metrics and Characteristics for Printed and Flexible Batteries
• Table 246. Methods for printing supercapacitors
• Table 247. Electrode Materials for printed supercapacitors
• Table 248. Electrolytes for printed supercapacitors
• Table 249. Main properties and components of printed supercapacitors
• Table 250. Conductive pastes for photovoltaics
• Table 251. Companies commercializing thin film flexible photovoltaics
• Table 252. Examples of materials used in flexible heaters and applications
• Table 253. Transparent heaters for exterior lighting / sensors / windows
• Table 254. Types of transparent heaters for automotive exterior applications
• Table 255. Smart Window Applications of Transparent Heaters
• Table 256. Applications of Printed and Flexible Fuel Cells
• Table 257. Market challenges in printed and flexible electronics for energy
• Table 258. Global market for printed and flexible energy storage, generation and harvesting electronics, 2020-2035 by type (Volume)
• Table 259. Global market for printed and flexible energy storage, generation and harvesting electronics, 2020-2035, millions of US dollars
• Table 260. 3DOM separator
• Table 261. Battery performance test specifications of J. Flex batteries

List of Figures

• Figure 1. Examples of flexible electronics devices
• Figure 2. Evolution of electronics
• Figure 3. Wearable technology inventions
• Figure 4. Market map for wearable electronics and sensors
• Figure 5. Wove Band
• Figure 6. Wearable graphene medical sensor
• Figure 7. Stretchable transistor
• Figure 8. Artificial skin prototype for gesture recognition
• Figure 9. Applications of wearable flexible sensors worn on various body parts
• Figure 10. Systemization of wearable electronic systems
• Figure 11. Baby Monitor
• Figure 12. Wearable health monitor incorporating graphene photodetectors
• Figure 13. LG 77" transparent 4K OLED TV
• Figure 14. 137-inch N1 foldable TV
• Figure 15. Flex Note Extendable(TM)
• Figure 16. Flex In & Out Flip
• Figure 17. Traxcon printed lighting circuitry
• Figure 18. Global Sensor Market Roadmap
• Figure 19. Market Roadmap for Wrist-worn Wearables
• Figure 20. Market Roadmap for Smart Bands
• Figure 21. Market Roadmap for Smart Glasses
• Figure 22. Market Roadmap for Smart Clothing and Accessories
• Figure 23. Market Roadmap of Market Trends for Skin-Patches
• Figure 24. Market Roadmap for Smart Rings
• Figure 25.Market Roadmap for Hearables
• Figure 26. Market Roadmap for Head Mounted Wearables
• Figure 27. Roadmap for Wearable Optical Heart-rate Sensors
• Figure 28. SWOT analysis for printed electronics
• Figure 29. SWOT analysis for 3D electronics
• Figure 30. SWOT analysis for analogue printing
• Figure 31. SWOT analysis for digital printing
• Figure 32. In-mold electronics prototype devices and products
• Figure 33. SWOT analysis for In-Mold Electronics
• Figure 34. SWOT analysis for R2R manufacturing
• Figure 35. The molecular mechanism of the shape memory effect under different stimuli
• Figure 36. Supercooled Soldering(TM) Technology
• Figure 37. Reflow soldering schematic
• Figure 38. Schematic diagram of induction heating reflow
• Figure 39. Types of conductive inks and applications
• Figure 40. Copper based inks on flexible substrate
• Figure 41. SWOT analysis for Printable semiconductors
• Figure 42. SWOT analysis for Printable sensor materials
• Figure 43. RFID Tag with Nano Copper Antenna on Paper
• Figure 44. SWOT analysis for flexible integrated circuits
• Figure 45. Fully-printed organic thin-film transistors and circuitry on one-micron-thick polymer films
• Figure 46. Flexible PCB
• Figure 47. SWOT analysis for Flexible batteries
• Figure 48. SWOT analysis for Flexible PV for energy harvesting
• Figure 49. Roadmap of wearable sensor technology segmented by key biometrics
• Figure 50. Wearable Technology Roadmap, by function
• Figure 51. Actuator types
• Figure 52. EmeTerm nausea relief wearable
• Figure 53. Embr Wave for cooling and warming
• Figure 54. dpl Wrist Wrap Light THerapy pain relief
• Figure 55. Roadmap for Wrist-Worn Wearables
• Figure 56. SWOT analysis for Wrist-worn wearables
• Figure 57. FitBit Sense Watch
• Figure 58. Wearable bio-fluid monitoring system for monitoring of hydration
• Figure 59. Evolution of Ear-Worn Wearables
• Figure 60. Nuheara IQbuds2 Max
• Figure 61. HP Hearing PRO OTC Hearing Aid
• Figure 62. SWOT analysis for Ear worn wearables (hearables)
• Figure 63. Commercialization Timeline for Hearable Sensing Technologies
• Figure 64. Roadmap of Market Trends for Hearables
• Figure 65. Beddr SleepTuner
• Figure 66. Global market for wearable consumer electronics 2020-2035 by type (Volume)
• Figure 67. Global market revenues for wearable consumer electronics, 2018-2035, (millions USD)
• Figure 68. The Apollo wearable device
• Figure 69. Cyclops HMD
• Figure 70. C2Sense sensors
• Figure 71. Coachwhisperer device
• Figure 72. Cogwear headgear
• Figure 73. CardioWatch 287
• Figure 74. FRENZ(TM) Brainband
• Figure 75. NightOwl Home Sleep Apnea Test Device
• Figure 76. eQ02+LIfeMontor
• Figure 77. Cove wearable device
• Figure 78. German bionic exoskeleton
• Figure 79. UnlimitedHand
• Figure 80. Apex Exosuit
• Figure 81. Humanox Shin Guard
• Figure 82. Airvida E1
• Figure 83. Footrax
• Figure 84. eMacula-R
• Figure 85. G2 Pro
• Figure 86. REFLEX
• Figure 87. Ring ZERO
• Figure 88. Mawi Heart Patch
• Figure 89. Ayo wearable light therapy
• Figure 90. Nowatch
• Figure 91. ORII smart ring
• Figure 92. Proxxi Voltage
• Figure 93. RealWear HMT-1
• Figure 94. Moonwalkers from Shift Robotics Inc
• Figure 95. SnowCookie device
• Figure 96. Soter device
• Figure 97. Feelzing Energy Patch
• Figure 98. Wiliot tags
• Figure 99. Connected human body and product examples
• Figure 100. Companies and products in wearable health monitoring and rehabilitation devices and products
• Figure 101. Smart e-skin system comprising health-monitoring sensors, displays, and ultra flexible PLEDs
• Figure 102. Graphene medical patch
• Figure 103. Graphene-based E-skin patch
• Figure 104. Enfucell wearable temperature tag
• Figure 105. TempTraQ wearable wireless thermometer
• Figure 106. Technologies for minimally-invasive and non-invasive glucose detection
• Figure 107. Schematic of non-invasive CGM sensor
• Figure 108. Adhesive wearable CGM sensor
• Figure 109. VitalPatch
• Figure 110. Wearable ECG-textile
• Figure 111. Wearable ECG recorder
• Figure 112. Nexkin(TM)
• Figure 113. Bloomlife
• Figure 114. Nanowire skin hydration patch
• Figure 115. NIX sensors
• Figure 116. Wearable sweat sensor
• Figure 117. Wearable graphene sweat sensor
• Figure 118. Gatorade's GX Sweat Patch
• Figure 119. Sweat sensor incorporated into face mask
• Figure 120. D-mine Pump
• Figure 121. Lab-on-Skin(TM)
• Figure 122. My UV Patch
• Figure 123. Overview layers of L'Oreal skin patch
• Figure 124. Brilliantly Warm
• Figure 125. Ava Fertility tracker
• Figure 126. S9 Pro breast pump
• Figure 127. Tempdrop
• Figure 128. Digitsole Smartshoe
• Figure 129. Schematic of smart wound dressing
• Figure 130. REPAIR electronic patch concept. Image courtesy of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
• Figure 131. ABENA Nova smart diaper
• Figure 132. Honda Walking Assist
• Figure 133. ABLE Exoskeleton
• Figure 134. ANGEL-LEGS-M10
• Figure 135. AGADEXO Shoulder
• Figure 136. Enyware
• Figure 137. AWN-12 occupational powered hip exoskeleton
• Figure 138. CarrySuit passive upper-body exoskeleton
• Figure 139. Axosuit lower body medical exoskeleton
• Figure 140. FreeGait
• Figure 141. InMotion Arm
• Figure 142. Biomotum SPARK
• Figure 143. PowerWalk energy
• Figure 144. Keeogo(TM)
• Figure 145. MATE-XT
• Figure 146. CDYS passive shoulder support exoskeleton
• Figure 147. ALDAK
• Figure 148. HAL-R Lower Limb
• Figure 149. DARWING PA
• Figure 150. Dephy ExoBoot
• Figure 151. EksoNR
• Figure 152. Emovo Assist
• Figure 153. HAPO
• Figure 154. Atlas passive modular exoskeleton
• Figure 155. ExoAtlet II
• Figure 156. ExoHeaver
• Figure 157. Exy ONE
• Figure 158. ExoArm
• Figure 159. ExoMotus
• Figure 160. Gloreha Sinfonia
• Figure 161. BELK Knee Exoskeleton
• Figure 162. Apex exosuit
• Figure 163. Honda Walking Assist
• Figure 164. BionicBack
• Figure 165. Muscle Suit
• Figure 166.Japet.W powered exoskeleton
• Figure 167.Ski~Mojo
• Figure 168. AIRFRAME passive shoulder
• Figure 169.FORTIS passive tool holding exoskeleton
• Figure 170. Integrated Soldier Exoskeleton (UPRISE-R)
• Figure 171.UNILEXA passive exoskeleton
• Figure 172.HandTutor
• Figure 173.MyoPro-R
• Figure 174.Myosuit
• Figure 175. archelis wearable chair
• Figure 176.Chairless Chair
• Figure 177.Indego
• Figure 178. Polyspine
• Figure 179. Hercule powered lower body exoskeleton
• Figure 180. ReStore Soft Exo-Suit
• Figure 181. Hand of Hope
• Figure 182. REX powered exoskeleton
• Figure 183. Elevate Ski Exoskeleton
• Figure 184. UGO210 exoskeleton
• Figure 185. EsoGLOVE Pro
• Figure 186. Roki
• Figure 187. Powered Clothing
• Figure 188. Againer shock absorbing exoskeleton
• Figure 189. EasyWalk Assistive Soft Exoskeleton Walker
• Figure 190. Skel-Ex
• Figure 191. EXO-H3 lower limbs robotic exoskeleton
• Figure 192. Ikan Tilta Max Armor-Man 2
• Figure 193. AMADEO hand and finger robotic rehabilitation device
• Figure 194.Atalante autonomous lower-body exoskeleton
• Figure 195. Global Market for Wearable Medical & Healthcare Electronics 2020-2035 (Million Units)
• Figure 196. Global market for Wearable medical & healthcare electronics, 2020-2035, millions of US dollars
• Figure 197. Libre 3
• Figure 198. Libre Sense Glucose Sport Biowearable
• Figure 199. AcuPebble SA100
• Figure 200. Vitalgram-R
• Figure 201. Alertgy NICGM wristband
• Figure 202. ALLEVX
• Figure 203. Gastric Alimetry
• Figure 204. Alva Health stroke monitor
• Figure 205. amofit S
• Figure 206. MIT and Amorepacific's chip-free skin sensor
• Figure 207. Sigi(TM) Insulin Management System
• Figure 208. The Apollo wearable device
• Figure 209. Apos3
• Figure 210. Artemis is smart clothing system
• Figure 211. KneeStim
• Figure 212. PaciBreath
• Figure 213. Structure of Azalea Vision's smart contact lens
• Figure 214. Belun-R Ring
• Figure 215. Neuronaute wearable
• Figure 216. biped.ai device
• Figure 217. circul+ smart ring
• Figure 218. Cala Trio
• Figure 219. BioSleeve-R
• Figure 220. Cognito's gamma stimulation device
• Figure 221. Cogwear Headband
• Figure 222. First Relief
• Figure 223. Jewel Patch Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillator
• Figure 224. enFuse
• Figure 225. EOPatch
• Figure 226. Epilog
• Figure 227. FloPatch
• Figure 228. Hinge Health wearable therapy devices
• Figure 229. MYSA - 'Relax Shirt'
• Figure 230. Atusa system
• Figure 231. Kenzen ECHO Smart Patch
• Figure 232. The Kernel Flow headset
• Figure 233. KnowU(TM)
• Figure 234. LifeSpan patch
• Figure 235. Mawi Heart Patch
• Figure 236. WalkAid
• Figure 237. Monarch(TM) Wireless Wearable Biosensor
• Figure 238. Modoo device
• Figure 239. Munevo Drive
• Figure 240. Electroskin integration schematic
• Figure 241. Modius Sleep wearable device
• Figure 242. Neuphony Headband
• Figure 243. Nix Biosensors patch
• Figure 244. Otolith wearable device
• Figure 245. Peerbridge Cor
• Figure 246. Point Fit Technology skin patch
• Figure 247. Sylvee 1.0
• Figure 248. RootiRx
• Figure 249. Sylvee 1.0
• Figure 250. Silvertree Reach
• Figure 251. Smardii smart diaper
• Figure 252. Subcuject
• Figure 253. Nerivio
• Figure 254. Feelzing Energy Patch
• Figure 255. Ultrahuman wearable glucose monitor
• Figure 256. Vaxxas patch
• Figure 257. S-Patch Ex
• Figure 258. Zeit Medical Wearable Headband
• Figure 259. Evolution of Smart Eyewear
• Figure 260. Engo Eyewear
• Figure 261. Lenovo ThinkReality A3
• Figure 262. Magic Leap 1
• Figure 263. Microsoft HoloLens 2
• Figure 264. OPPO Air Glass AR
• Figure 265. Snap Spectacles AR (4th gen)
• Figure 266. Vuzix Blade Upgraded
• Figure 267. NReal Light MR smart glasses
• Figure 268. Schematic for configuration of full colour microLED display
• Figure 269. BOE glass-based backplane process
• Figure 270. MSI curved quantum dot miniLED display
• Figure 271. Nanolumi Chameleon-R G Film in LED/LCD Monitor
• Figure 272. Vuzix microLED microdisplay Smart Glasses
• Figure 273. Pixels per inch roadmap of micrometer-LED displays from 2007 to 2019
• Figure 274. Mass transfer for micrometer-LED chips
• Figure 275. Schematic diagram of mass transfer technologies
• Figure 276. Comparison of microLED with other display technologies
• Figure 277. Lextar 10.6 inch transparent microLED display
• Figure 278. Transition to borderless design
• Figure 279. Mojo Vision smart contact lens with an embedded MicroLED display
• Figure 280. Global market for gaming and entertainment wearable technology, 2020-2035 (Million Units)
• Figure 281. Global market for gaming and entertainment wearable technology, 2020-2035, millions of US dollars
• Figure 282. Skinetic vest
• Figure 283. IntelliPix(TM) design for 0.26" 1080p microLED display
• Figure 284. Dapeng DPVR P1 Pro 4k VR all-in-one VR glasses
• Figure 285. Vive Focus 3 VR headset Wrist Tracker
• Figure 286. Huawei smart glasses
• Figure 287. Jade Bird Display micro displays
• Figure 288. JBD's 0.13-inch panel
• Figure 289. 0.22" Monolithic full colour microLED panel and inset shows a conceptual monolithic polychrome projector with a waveguide
• Figure 290. Kura Technologies' AR Glasses
• Figure 291. Smart contact lenses schematic
• Figure 292. OQmented technology for AR smart glasses
• Figure 293. VISIRIUM-R Technology smart glasses prototype
• Figure 294. SenseGlove Nova
• Figure 295. MeganeX
• Figure 296. A micro-display with a stacked-RGB pixel array, where each pixel is an RGB-emitting stacked microLED device (left). The micro-display showing a video of fireworks at night, demonstrating the full-colour capability (right). N.B. Areas around the display
• Figure 297. JioGlass mixed reality glasses type headset
• Figure 298. Vuzix uLED display engine
• Figure 299. Xiaomi Smart Glasses
• Figure 300. SWOT analysis for printed, flexible and hybrid electronics in E-textiles
• Figure 301. Timeline of the different generations of electronic textiles
• Figure 302. Examples of each generation of electronic textiles
• Figure 303. Conductive yarns
• Figure 304. Electronics integration in textiles: (a) textile-adapted, (b) textile-integrated (c) textile-basd
• Figure 305. Stretchable polymer encapsulation microelectronics on textiles
• Figure 306. Wove Band
• Figure 307. Wearable graphene medical sensor
• Figure 308. Conductive yarns
• Figure 309. Classification of conductive materials and process technology
• Figure 310. Structure diagram of Ti3C2Tx
• Figure 311. Structure of hexagonal boron nitride
• Figure 312. BN nanosheet textiles application
• Figure 313. SEM image of cotton fibers with PEDOT:PSS coating
• Figure 314. Schematic of inkjet-printed processes
• Figure 315: Silver nanocomposite ink after sintering and resin bonding of discrete electronic components
• Figure 316. Schematic summary of the formulation of silver conductive inks
• Figure 317. Copper based inks on flexible substrate
• Figure 318: Schematic of single-walled carbon nanotube
• Figure 319. Stretchable SWNT memory and logic devices for wearable electronics
• Figure 320. Graphene layer structure schematic
• Figure 321. BGT Materials graphene ink product
• Figure 322. PCM cooling vest
• Figure 323. SMPU-treated cotton fabrics
• Figure 324. Schematics of DIAPLEX membrane
• Figure 325. SMP energy storage textiles
• Figure 326. Nike x Acronym Blazer Sneakers
• Figure 327. Adidas 3D Runner Pump
• Figure 328. Under Armour Archi-TechFuturist
• Figure 329. Reebok Reebok Liquid Speed
• Figure 330. Radiate sports vest
• Figure 331. Adidas smart insole
• Figure 332. Applications of E-textiles
• Figure 333. EXO2 Stormwalker 2 Heated Jacket
• Figure 334. Flexible polymer-based heated glove, sock and slipper
• Figure 335. ThermaCell Rechargeable Heated Insoles
• Figure 336. Myant sleeve tracks biochemical indicators in sweat
• Figure 337. Flexible polymer-based therapeutic products
• Figure 338. iStimUweaR
• Figure 339. Digitsole Smartshoe
• Figure 340. Basketball referee Royole fully flexible display
• Figure 341. A mechanical glove, Robo-Glove, with pressure sensors and other sensors jointly developed by General Motors and NASA
• Figure 342. Power supply mechanisms for electronic textiles and wearables
• Figure 343. Micro-scale energy scavenging techniques
• Figure 344. Schematic illustration of the fabrication concept for textile-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) made by sewing textile electrodes onto cloth or paper
• Figure 345. 3D printed piezoelectric material
• Figure 346. Application of electronic textiles in AR/VR
• Figure 347. Global market for printed and flexible E-textiles and smart apparel electronics, 2020-2035 (Million Units)
• Figure 348. Global market for printed and flexible E-textiles and smart apparel electronics, 2020-2035, millions of US dollars
• Figure 349. BioMan+
• Figure 350. EXO Glove
• Figure 351. LED hooded jacket
• Figure 352. Heated element module
• Figure 353. Carhartt X-1 Smart Heated Vest
• Figure 354. Cionic Neural Sleeve
• Figure 355. Graphene dress. The dress changes colour in sync with the wearer's breathing
• Figure 356. Descante Solar Thermo insulated jacket
• Figure 357. G+ Graphene Aero Jersey
• Figure 358. HiFlex strain/pressure sensor
• Figure 359. KiTT motion tracking knee sleeve
• Figure 360. Healables app-controlled electrotherapy device
• Figure 361. LumeoLoop device
• Figure 362. Electroskin integration schematic
• Figure 363. Nextiles' compression garments
• Figure 364. Nextiles e-fabric
• Figure 365 .Nuada
• Figure 366. Palarum PUP smart socks
• Figure 367. Smardii smart diaper
• Figure 368. Softmatter compression garment
• Figure 369. Softmatter sports bra with a woven ECG sensor
• Figure 370. MoCap Pro Glove
• Figure 371. Teslasuit
• Figure 372. ZOZOFIT wearable at-home 3D body scanner
• Figure 373. YouCare smart shirt
• Figure 374. SWOT analysis for printed, flexible and hybrid electronics in energy
• Figure 375. Examples of Flexible batteries on the market
• Figure 376. Stretchable lithium-ion battery for flexible electronics
• Figure 377. Loomia E-textile
• Figure 378. BrightVolt battery
• Figure 379. ProLogium solid-state technology
• Figure 380. Amprius Li-ion batteries
• Figure 381. MOLEX thin-film battery
• Figure 382. Flexible batteries on the market
• Figure 383. Various architectures for flexible and stretchable electrochemical energy storage
• Figure 384. Types of flexible batteries
• Figure 385. Materials and design structures in flexible lithium ion batteries
• Figure 386. Flexible/stretchable LIBs with different structures
• Figure 387. a-c) Schematic illustration of coaxial (a), twisted (b), and stretchable (c) LIBs
• Figure 388. a) Schematic illustration of the fabrication of the superstretchy LIB based on an MWCNT/LMO composite fiber and an MWCNT/LTO composite fiber. b,c) Photograph (b) and the schematic illustration (c) of a stretchable fiber-shaped battery under stretching conditions. d) Schematic illustration of the spring-like stretchable LIB. e) SEM images of a fiberat different strains. f) Evolution of specific capacitance with strain. d-f)
• Figure 389. Origami disposable battery
• Figure 390. Zn-MnO2 batteries produced by Brightvolt
• Figure 391. Various applications of printed paper batteries
• Figure 392.Schematic representation of the main components of a battery
• Figure 393. Schematic of a printed battery in a sandwich cell architecture, where the anode and cathode of the battery are stacked together
• Figure 394. Sakuu's Swift Print 3D-printed solid-state battery cells
• Figure 395. Manufacturing Processes for Conventional Batteries (I), 3D Microbatteries (II), and 3D-Printed Batteries (III)
• Figure 396. Examples of applications of thin film batteries
• Figure 397. Capacities and voltage windows of various cathode and anode materials
• Figure 398. Traditional lithium-ion battery (left), solid state battery (right)
• Figure 399. Stretchable lithium-air battery for wearable electronics
• Figure 400. Ag-Zn batteries produced by Imprint Energy
• Figure 401. Transparent batteries
• Figure 402. Degradable batteries
• Figure 403 . Fraunhofer IFAM printed electrodes
• Figure 404. Ragone plots of diverse batteries and the commonly used electronics powered by flexible batteries
• Figure 405. Schematic of the structure of stretchable LIBs
• Figure 406. Electrochemical performance of materials in flexible LIBs
• Figure 407. Main printing methods for supercapacitors
• Figure 408. Schematic illustration of the fabrication concept for textile-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) made by sewing textile electrodes onto cloth or paper
• Figure 409. Origami-like silicon solar cells
• Figure 410. Schematic illustration of the fabrication concept for textile-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) made by sewing textile electrodes onto cloth or paper
• Figure 411. Concept of microwave-transparent heaters for automotive radars
• Figure 412. Defrosting and defogging transparent heater applications
• Figure 413. Global market for printed and flexible energy storage, generation and harvesting electronics, 2020-2035 by type (Volume)
• Figure 414. Global market for printed and flexible energy storage, generation and harvesting electronics, 2020-2035, millions of US dollars
• Figure 415. 3DOM battery
• Figure 416. AC biode prototype
• Figure 417. Ampcera's all-ceramic dense solid-state electrolyte separator sheets (25 um thickness, 50mm x 100mm size, flexible and defect free, room temperature ionic conductivity ~1 mA/cm)
• Figure 418. Ateios thin-film, printed battery
• Figure 419. 3D printed lithium-ion battery
• Figure 420. TempTraq wearable patch
• Figure 421. SoftBattery-R
• Figure 422. Roll-to-roll equipment working with ultrathin steel substrate
• Figure 423. TAeTTOOz printable battery materials
• Figure 424. Exeger Powerfoyle
• Figure 425. 2D paper batteries
• Figure 426. 3D Custom Format paper batteries
• Figure 427. Hitachi Zosen solid-state battery
• Figure 428. Ilika solid-state batteries
• Figure 429. TAeTTOOz printable battery materials
• Figure 430. LiBEST flexible battery
• Figure 431. 3D solid-state thin-film battery technology
• Figure 432. Schematic illustration of three-chamber system for SWCNH production
• Figure 433. TEM images of carbon nanobrush
• Figure 434. Printed Energy flexible battery
• Figure 435. Printed battery
• Figure 436. ProLogium solid-state battery
• Figure 437. Sakuu Corporation 3Ah Lithium Metal Solid-state Battery
• Figure 438. Samsung SDI's sixth-generation prismatic batteries
• Figure 439. Grepow flexible battery