The Global Market for Biodegradable and Compostable Packaging 2025-2035

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• 1.1. Global Packaging Market
• 1.2. The Market for Biodegradable and Compostable Packaging
  • 1.2.1. By biobased plastics type
  • 1.2.2. By packaging product type
  • 1.2.3. By end-use market
  • 1.2.4. By region
• 1.3. Main types
  • 1.3.1. Cellulose acetate
  • 1.3.2. PLA
  • 1.3.3. Aliphatic-aromatic co-polyesters
  • 1.3.4. PHA
  • 1.3.5. Starch/starch blends
• 1.4. Prices
• 1.5. Market Trends
• 1.6. Market Drivers for recent growth in Biodegradable and Compostable Packaging
• 1.7. Challenges for Biodegradable and Compostable Packaging

2. BIOBASED MATERIALS IN BIODEGRADABLE AND COMPOSTABLE PACKAGING

• 2.1. Materials innovation
• 2.2. Active packaging
• 2.3. Monomaterial packaging
• 2.4. Conventional polymer materials used in packaging
  • 2.4.1. Polyolefins: Polypropylene and polyethylene
    • 2.4.1.1. Overview
    • 2.4.1.2. Grades
    • 2.4.1.3. Producers
  • 2.4.2. PET and other polyester polymers
    • 2.4.2.1. Overview
  • 2.4.3. Renewable and bio-based polymers for packaging
  • 2.4.4. Comparison of synthetic fossil-based and bio-based polymers
  • 2.4.5. Processes for bioplastics in packaging
  • 2.4.6. End-of-life treatment of bio-based and sustainable packaging
• 2.5. Synthetic bio-based packaging materials
  • 2.5.1. Polylactic acid (Bio-PLA)
    • 2.5.1.1. Overview
    • 2.5.1.2. Properties
    • 2.5.1.3. Applications
    • 2.5.1.4. Advantages
    • 2.5.1.5. Challenges
    • 2.5.1.6. Commercial examples
  • 2.5.2. Polyethylene terephthalate (Bio-PET)
    • 2.5.2.1. Overview
    • 2.5.2.2. Properties
    • 2.5.2.3. Applications
    • 2.5.2.4. Advantages of Bio-PET in Packaging
    • 2.5.2.5. Challenges and Limitations
    • 2.5.2.6. Commercial examples
  • 2.5.3. Polytrimethylene terephthalate (Bio-PTT)
    • 2.5.3.1. Overview
    • 2.5.3.2. Production Process
    • 2.5.3.3. Properties
    • 2.5.3.4. Applications
    • 2.5.3.5. Advantages of Bio-PTT in Packaging
    • 2.5.3.6. Challenges and Limitations
    • 2.5.3.7. Commercial examples
  • 2.5.4. Polyethylene furanoate (Bio-PEF)
    • 2.5.4.1. Overview
    • 2.5.4.2. Properties
    • 2.5.4.3. Applications
    • 2.5.4.4. Advantages of Bio-PEF in Packaging
    • 2.5.4.5. Challenges and Limitations
    • 2.5.4.6. Commercial examples
  • 2.5.5. Bio-PA
    • 2.5.5.1. Overview
    • 2.5.5.2. Properties
    • 2.5.5.3. Applications in Packaging
    • 2.5.5.4. Advantages of Bio-PA in Packaging
    • 2.5.5.5. Challenges and Limitations
    • 2.5.5.6. Commercial examples
  • 2.5.6. Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (Bio-PBAT)- Aliphatic aromatic copolyesters
    • 2.5.6.1. Overview
    • 2.5.6.2. Properties
    • 2.5.6.3. Applications in Packaging
    • 2.5.6.4. Advantages of Bio-PBAT in Packaging
    • 2.5.6.5. Challenges and Limitations
    • 2.5.6.6. Commercial examples
  • 2.5.7. Polybutylene succinate (PBS) and copolymers
    • 2.5.7.1. Overview
    • 2.5.7.2. Properties
    • 2.5.7.3. Applications in Packaging
    • 2.5.7.4. Advantages of Bio-PBS and Co-polymers in Packaging
    • 2.5.7.5. Challenges and Limitations
    • 2.5.7.6. Commercial examples
  • 2.5.8. Polypropylene (Bio-PP)
    • 2.5.8.1. Overview
    • 2.5.8.2. Properties
    • 2.5.8.3. Applications in Packaging
    • 2.5.8.4. Advantages of Bio-PP in Packaging
    • 2.5.8.5. Challenges and Limitations
    • 2.5.8.6. Commercial examples
• 2.6. Natural bio-based packaging materials
  • 2.6.1. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)
    • 2.6.1.1. Properties
    • 2.6.1.2. Applications in Packaging
    • 2.6.1.3. Advantages of PHA in Packaging
    • 2.6.1.4. Challenges and Limitations
    • 2.6.1.5. Commercial examples
  • 2.6.2. Starch-based blends
    • 2.6.2.1. Overview
    • 2.6.2.2. Properties
    • 2.6.2.3. Applications in Packaging
    • 2.6.2.4. Advantages of Starch-Based Blends in Packaging
    • 2.6.2.5. Challenges and Limitations
    • 2.6.2.6. Commercial examples
  • 2.6.3. Cellulose
    • 2.6.3.1. Feedstocks
      • 2.6.3.1.1. Wood
      • 2.6.3.1.2. Plant
      • 2.6.3.1.3. Tunicate
      • 2.6.3.1.4. Algae
      • 2.6.3.1.5. Bacteria
    • 2.6.3.2. Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC)
      • 2.6.3.2.1. Properties
    • 2.6.3.3. Nanocellulose
      • 2.6.3.3.1. Cellulose nanocrystals
        • 2.6.3.3.1.1. Applications in packaging
      • 2.6.3.3.2. Cellulose nanofibers
        • 2.6.3.3.2.1. Applications in packaging
      • 2.6.3.3.3. Bacterial Nanocellulose (BNC)
        • 2.6.3.3.3.1. Applications in packaging
    • 2.6.3.4. Commercial examples
  • 2.6.4. Protein-based bioplastics in packaging
    • 2.6.4.1. Feedstocks
    • 2.6.4.2. Commercial examples
  • 2.6.5. Lipids and waxes for packaging
    • 2.6.5.1. Overview
    • 2.6.5.2. Commercial examples
  • 2.6.6. Seaweed-based packaging
    • 2.6.6.1. Overview
    • 2.6.6.2. Production
    • 2.6.6.3. Applications in packaging
    • 2.6.6.4. Producers
  • 2.6.7. Mycelium
    • 2.6.7.1. Overview
    • 2.6.7.2. Applications in packaging
    • 2.6.7.3. Commercial examples
  • 2.6.8. Chitosan
    • 2.6.8.1. Overview
    • 2.6.8.2. Applications in packaging
    • 2.6.8.3. Commercial examples
  • 2.6.9. Bio-naphtha
    • 2.6.9.1. Overview
    • 2.6.9.2. Markets and applications
    • 2.6.9.3. Commercial examples

3. MARKETS AND APPLICATIONS

• 3.1. Paper and board packaging
• 3.2. Food packaging
  • 3.2.1. Bio-Based films and trays
  • 3.2.2. Bio-Based pouches and bags
  • 3.2.3. Bio-Based textiles and nets
  • 3.2.4. Bioadhesives
    • 3.2.4.1. Starch
    • 3.2.4.2. Cellulose
    • 3.2.4.3. Protein-Based
  • 3.2.5. Barrier coatings and films
    • 3.2.5.1. Polysaccharides
      • 3.2.5.1.1. Chitin
      • 3.2.5.1.2. Chitosan
      • 3.2.5.1.3. Starch
    • 3.2.5.2. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)
    • 3.2.5.3. Poly(butylene Succinate)
    • 3.2.5.4. Functional Lipid and Proteins Based Coatings
  • 3.2.6. Active and Smart Food Packaging
    • 3.2.6.1. Active Materials and Packaging Systems
    • 3.2.6.2. Intelligent and Smart Food Packaging
  • 3.2.7. Antimicrobial films and agents
    • 3.2.7.1. Natural
    • 3.2.7.2. Inorganic nanoparticles
    • 3.2.7.3. Biopolymers
  • 3.2.8. Bio-based Inks and Dyes
  • 3.2.9. Edible films and coatings
    • 3.2.9.1. Overview
    • 3.2.9.2. Commercial examples
• 3.3. Biobased films and coatings in packaging
  • 3.3.1. Overview
  • 3.3.2. Challenges using bio-based paints and coatings
  • 3.3.3. Types of bio-based coatings and films in packaging
    • 3.3.3.1. Polyurethane coatings
      • 3.3.3.1.1. Properties
      • 3.3.3.1.2. Bio-based polyurethane coatings
      • 3.3.3.1.3. Products
    • 3.3.3.2. Acrylate resins
      • 3.3.3.2.1. Properties
      • 3.3.3.2.2. Bio-based acrylates
      • 3.3.3.2.3. Products
    • 3.3.3.3. Polylactic acid (Bio-PLA)
      • 3.3.3.3.1. Properties
      • 3.3.3.3.2. Bio-PLA coatings and films
    • 3.3.3.4. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) coatings
    • 3.3.3.5. Cellulose coatings and films
      • 3.3.3.5.1. Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC)
      • 3.3.3.5.2. Cellulose nanofibers
        • 3.3.3.5.2.1. Properties
        • 3.3.3.5.2.2. Product developers
    • 3.3.3.6. Lignin coatings
    • 3.3.3.7. Protein-based biomaterials for coatings
      • 3.3.3.7.1. Plant derived proteins
      • 3.3.3.7.2. Animal origin proteins
• 3.4. Carbon capture derived materials for packaging
  • 3.4.1. Benefits of carbon utilization for plastics feedstocks
  • 3.4.2. CO2-derived polymers and plastics
  • 3.4.3. CO2 utilization products
• 3.5. Flexible packaging
• 3.6. Rigid packaging
• 3.7. Coatings and films

4. COMPANY PROFILES (230 company profiles)

5. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

6. REFERENCES

List of Tables

• Table 1. Global biodegradable and compostable packaging by biobased plastics type, 2023-2035 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 2. Global biodegradable and compostable packaging by packaging product type, 2023-2035 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 3. Global biodegradable and compostable packaging by end-use market, 2023-2035 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 4. Global biodegradable and compostable packaging by region, 2023-2035 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 5. Main Types of Biodegradable and Compostable Packaging Materials
• Table 6. Average prices by bioplastic type, 2024 (US$ per kg)
• Table 7. Average annual prices by bioplastic type, 2020-2023 (US$ per kg)
• Table 8. Market trends in Biodegradable and Compostable Packaging
• Table 9. Market drivers for recent growth in the Biodegradable and Compostable Packaging market
• Table 10. Challenges for Biodegradable and Compostable Packaging
• Table 11. Types of bio-based plastics and fossil-fuel-based plastics
• Table 12. Comparison of synthetic fossil-based and bio-based polymers
• Table 13. Processes for bioplastics in packaging
• Table 14. LDPE film versus PLA, 2019-24 (USD/tonne)
• Table 15. PLA properties for packaging applications
• Table 16. Applications, advantages and disadvantages of PHAs in packaging
• Table 17. Major polymers found in the extracellular covering of different algae
• Table 18. Market overview for cellulose microfibers (microfibrillated cellulose) in paperboard and packaging-market age, key benefits, applications and producers
• Table 19. Applications of nanocrystalline cellulose (CNC)
• Table 20. Market overview for cellulose nanofibers in packaging
• Table 21. Applications of Bacterial Nanocellulose in Packaging
• Table 22. Types of protein based-bioplastics, applications and companies
• Table 23. Overview of alginate-description, properties, application and market size
• Table 24. Companies developing algal-based bioplastics
• Table 25. Overview of mycelium fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications
• Table 26. Overview of chitosan-description, properties, drawbacks and applications
• Table 27. Commercial Examples of Chitosan-based Films and Coatings and Companies
• Table 28. Bio-based naphtha markets and applications
• Table 29. Bio-naphtha market value chain
• Table 30. Commercial Examples of Bio-Naphtha Packaging and Companies
• Table 31. Pros and cons of different type of food packaging materials
• Table 32. Active Biodegradable Films films and their food applications
• Table 33. Intelligent Biodegradable Films
• Table 34. Edible films and coatings market summary
• Table 35. Summary of barrier films and coatings for packaging
• Table 36. Types of polyols
• Table 37. Polyol producers
• Table 38. Bio-based polyurethane coating products
• Table 39. Bio-based acrylate resin products
• Table 40. Polylactic acid (PLA) market analysis
• Table 41. Commercially available PHAs
• Table 42. Market overview for cellulose nanofibers in paints and coatings
• Table 43. Companies developing cellulose nanofibers products in paints and coatings
• Table 44. Types of protein based-biomaterials, applications and companies
• Table 45. CO2 utilization and removal pathways
• Table 46. CO2 utilization products developed by chemical and plastic producers
• Table 47. Comparison of bioplastics' (PLA and PHAs) properties to other common polymers used in product packaging
• Table 48. Typical applications for bioplastics in flexible packaging
• Table 49. Bioplastics for flexible packaging by bioplastic material type, 2019-2035 ('000 tonnes)
• Table 50. Typical applications for bioplastics in rigid packaging
• Table 51. Bioplastics for rigid packaging by bioplastic material type, 2019-2035 ('000 tonnes)
• Table 52. Market revenues for bio-based coatings in packaging, 2018-2035 (billions USD), high estimate
• Table 53. Lactips plastic pellets
• Table 54. Oji Holdings CNF products

List of Figures

• Figure 1. Global packaging market by material type
• Figure 2. Global biodegradable and compostable packaging by biobased plastics type, 2023-2035 (1,000 tonnes)
• Figure 3. Global biodegradable and compostable packaging by packaging product type, 2023-2035 (1,000 tonnes)
• Figure 4. Global biodegradable and compostable packaging by end-use market, 2023-2035 (1,000 tonnes)
• Figure 5. Global biodegradable and compostable packaging by region, 2023-2035 (1,000 tonnes)
• Figure 6. Routes for synthesizing polymers from fossil-based and bio-based resources
• Figure 7. Organization and morphology of cellulose synthesizing terminal complexes (TCs) in different organisms
• Figure 8. Biosynthesis of (a) wood cellulose (b) tunicate cellulose and (c) BC
• Figure 9. Cellulose microfibrils and nanofibrils
• Figure 10. TEM image of cellulose nanocrystals
• Figure 11. CNC slurry
• Figure 12. CNF gel
• Figure 13. Bacterial nanocellulose shapes
• Figure 14. BLOOM masterbatch from Algix
• Figure 15. Typical structure of mycelium-based foam
• Figure 16. Types of bio-based materials used for antimicrobial food packaging application
• Figure 17. Water soluble packaging by Notpla
• Figure 18. Examples of edible films in food packaging
• Figure 19. Schematic of gas barrier properties of nanoclay film
• Figure 20. Hefcel-coated wood (left) and untreated wood (right) after 30 seconds flame test
• Figure 21. Applications for CO2
• Figure 22. Life cycle of CO2-derived products and services
• Figure 23. Conversion pathways for CO2-derived polymeric materials
• Figure 24. Bioplastics for flexible packaging by bioplastic material type, 2019-2035 ('000 tonnes)
• Figure 25. Bioplastics for rigid packaging by bioplastic material type, 2019-2035 ('000 tonnes)
• Figure 26. Market revenues for bio-based coatings in packaging, 2018-2035 (billions USD), conservative estimate
• Figure 27. Pluumo
• Figure 28. Anpoly cellulose nanofiber hydrogel
• Figure 29. MEDICELLU(TM)
• Figure 30. Asahi Kasei CNF fabric sheet
• Figure 31. Properties of Asahi Kasei cellulose nanofiber nonwoven fabric
• Figure 32. CNF nonwoven fabric
• Figure 33. Passionfruit wrapped in Xgo Circular packaging
• Figure 34. BIOLO e-commerce mailer bag made from PHA
• Figure 35. Reusable and recyclable foodservice cups, lids, and straws from Joinease Hong Kong Ltd., made with plant-based NuPlastiQ BioPolymer from BioLogiQ, Inc
• Figure 36. Fiber-based screw cap
• Figure 37. SEELCAP ONEGO
• Figure 38. CJ CheilJedang's biodegradable PHA-based wrapper for shipping products
• Figure 39. CuanSave film
• Figure 40. ELLEX products
• Figure 41. CNF-reinforced PP compounds
• Figure 42. Kirekira! toilet wipes
• Figure 43. Edible packaging from Dissolves
• Figure 44. Rheocrysta spray
• Figure 45. DKS CNF products
• Figure 46. Evoware edible seaweed-based packaging
• Figure 47. Photograph (a) and micrograph (b) of mineral/ MFC composite showing the high viscosity and fibrillar structure
• Figure 48. Forest and Whale container
• Figure 49. PHA production process
• Figure 50. Soy Silvestre's wheatgrass shots
• Figure 51. AVAPTM process
• Figure 52. GreenPower+(TM) process
• Figure 53. Cutlery samples (spoon, knife, fork) made of nano cellulose and biodegradable plastic composite materials
• Figure 54. CNF gel
• Figure 55. Block nanocellulose material
• Figure 56. CNF products developed by Hokuetsu
• Figure 57. Unilever Carte D'Or ice cream packaging
• Figure 58. Kami Shoji CNF products
• Figure 59. IPA synthesis method
• Figure 60. Compostable water pod
• Figure 61. XCNF
• Figure 62: Innventia AB movable nanocellulose demo plant
• Figure 63. Shellworks packaging containers
• Figure 64. Thales packaging incorporating Fibrease
• Figure 65. Sulapac cosmetics containers
• Figure 66. Sulzer equipment for PLA polymerization processing
• Figure 67. Silver / CNF composite dispersions
• Figure 68. CNF/nanosilver powder
• Figure 69. Corbion FDCA production process
• Figure 70. UPM biorefinery process
• Figure 71. Vegea production process
• Figure 72. Worn Again products
• Figure 73. S-CNF in powder form