The Global Direct Air Carbon Capture and Storage (DACCS) Market 2024-2035

Description

List of Tables

Direct Air Carbon Capture and Storage (DACCS) is an emerging carbon dioxide removal strategy that uses advanced, mainly proprietary technology to capture and store or utilize carbon dioxide directly from the ambient air. As DACCS technologies continue to advance and scale up, they offer substantial opportunities for businesses, investors, and policymakers. Captured CO2 can be permanently stored in deep geological formations and depleted aquifers. Novel technologies can trap CO2 in rocks, via mineralization. Captured CO2 can also be used in a range of applications. The ability to sell or convert CO2 into useful products provides a commercialization pathway for DACCS, with products including:

Fuels
Chemicals, plastics, and polymers
Construction materials
Biological yield-boosting
Food and feed production
Enhanced oil recovery (EOR)

This market report provides a comprehensive analysis of the latest trends, innovations, and growth opportunities in the DACCS industry, focusing on key aspects such as CO2 capture mechanisms, technologies, markets, and key players. The report discusses the advantages of DACCS as a CO2 removal strategy, including its scalability, flexibility in siting, and potential for integration with renewable energy sources. It also explores the current state of DACCS deployment and the factors driving its growth, such as increasing public and private sector investment, supportive policies, and the growing demand for carbon removal solutions.

CO2 Capture Mechanisms and Technologies - The report delves into the various CO2 capture and separation mechanisms employed in DACCS, including sorbent-based and solvent-based systems. It also examines the different technologies used in DACCS, such as solid sorbents, liquid sorbents, and passive direct air capture (PDAC). The report provides a detailed comparison of these technologies, highlighting their advantages, limitations, and potential for future development. While the market is in its infancy, with a relatively small amount of DACCS plants in operation (mainly in Europe, USA, Canada and Japan), the potential of these technologies will play a growing role in the carbon capture market. Companies are being incentivized to develop the technology with the US government offering >$3.5 billion in grants.

Report contents include:

Analysis of the overall market for Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS).
Costs for DACCS, current and targeted.
Pros and cons of DACCS.
In-depth DACCS technology analysis.
Comparative analysis of DAC to other carbon capture tech.
Commercialization and plants including production capacities.
Markets for CO2 captured by DACCS. For each sector, the report identifies key market drivers, trends, and opportunities. It also provides market size estimates and forecasts from 2024 to 2045, segmented by technology and application. Markets covered include:
- Fuels
- Chemicals, plastics, and polymers
- Construction materials
- Biological yield-boosting
- Food and feed production
- Enhanced oil recovery (EOR)
Market challenges. The report analyzes the costs associated with DACCS, including capital expenditures (CAPEX) and operating expenditures (OPEX). It breaks down the cost contributions of various components in DACCS systems and provides a comparison of cost estimates for different technologies. The report also identifies the main challenges facing the DACCS industry, such as high energy requirements, the need for cost reductions, and the development of supportive policies and infrastructure.
Profiles of 66 companies involved in DACCS. Companies profiled include Airhive, AspiraDAC, Carbofex Oy, CarbonCapture Inc., Charm Industrial, Climeworks, Holocene, 44.01, Mission Zero Technologies, Noya, Occidental Petroleum Corp., and Removr. Company profiles cover technology offerings, key projects, partnerships, and competitive strengths.

1. ABBREVIATIONS

2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

2.1. Definition
2.2. Technology Readiness Level (TRL)
2.3. Key market barriers for CCUS

3. INTRODUCTION

3.1. Purpose of carbon dioxide removal
3.2. What is CCUS?
- 3.2.1. Carbon Capture
  - 3.2.1.1. Source Characterization
  - 3.2.1.2. Purification
  - 3.2.1.3. CO2 capture technologies
- 3.2.2. Carbon Utilization
  - 3.2.2.1. CO2 utilization pathways
- 3.2.3. Carbon storage
  - 3.2.3.1. Passive storage
  - 3.2.3.2. Enhanced oil recovery
3.3. Direct Air Capture and Storage (DACCS) Market
3.4. What is Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR)?
- 3.4.1. Nature-based CDR Solutions
- 3.4.2. Technological CDR Solutions
- 3.4.3. Technology Readiness Level (TRL): Carbon Dioxide Removal Methods
- 3.4.4. Carbon Credits
  - 3.4.4.1. Market Demand and Prices
- 3.4.5. DACCS advantages
3.5. Market map
3.6. Commercial CCUS facilities and projects
- 3.6.1. Facilities
  - 3.6.1.1. Operational
  - 3.6.1.2. Under development/construction
3.7. CCUS Value Chain
3.8. Transporting CO2
- 3.8.1. Methods of CO2 transport
  - 3.8.1.1. Pipeline
  - 3.8.1.2. Ship
  - 3.8.1.3. Road
  - 3.8.1.4. Rail
- 3.8.2. Safety
3.9. Costs
- 3.9.1. Cost of CO2 transport
3.10. Carbon credits

4. CARBON CAPTURE

4.1. CO2 capture from point sources
- 4.1.1. Transportation
- 4.1.2. Global point source CO2 capture capacities
- 4.1.3. By source
- 4.1.4. By endpoint
4.2. Main carbon capture processes
- 4.2.1. Materials
- 4.2.2. Post-combustion
- 4.2.3. Oxy-fuel combustion
- 4.2.4. Liquid or supercritical CO2: Allam-Fetvedt Cycle
- 4.2.5. Pre-combustion

5. DIRECT AIR CAPTURE AND STORAGE (DACCS)

5.1. Technology description
- 5.1.1. Sorbent-based CO2 Capture
- 5.1.2. Solvent-based CO2 Capture
- 5.1.3. DAC Solid Sorbent Swing Adsorption Processes
- 5.1.4. Electro-Swing Adsorption (ESA) of CO2 for DAC
- 5.1.5. Solid and liquid DAC
5.2. Advantages of DAC
5.3. Deployment
5.4. Point source carbon capture versus Direct Air Capture
5.5. Technologies
- 5.5.1. Solid sorbents
- 5.5.2. Liquid sorbents
- 5.5.3. Liquid solvents
- 5.5.4. Airflow equipment integration
- 5.5.5. Passive Direct Air Capture (PDAC)
- 5.5.6. Direct conversion
- 5.5.7. Co-product generation
- 5.5.8. Low Temperature DAC
- 5.5.9. Regeneration methods
5.6. Electricity and Heat Sources
5.7. Commercialization and plants
5.8. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in DAC
5.9. DAC plants and projects-current and planned
5.10. Capacity forecasts
5.11. Costs
5.12. Market challenges for DAC
5.13. Market prospects for direct air capture
5.14. Players and production
5.15. Co2 utilization pathways
5.16. Markets for Direct Air Capture and Storage (DACCS)
- 5.16.1. Fuels
  - 5.16.1.1. Overview
  - 5.16.1.2. Production routes
  - 5.16.1.3. Methanol
  - 5.16.1.4. Algae based biofuels
  - 5.16.1.5. CO2-fuels from solar
  - 5.16.1.6. Companies
  - 5.16.1.7. Challenges
- 5.16.2. Chemicals, plastics and polymers
  - 5.16.2.1. Overview
  - 5.16.2.2. Scalability
  - 5.16.2.3. Plastics and polymers
  - 5.16.2.4. Urea production
  - 5.16.2.5. Inert gas in semiconductor manufacturing
  - 5.16.2.6. Carbon nanotubes
  - 5.16.2.7. Companies
- 5.16.3. Construction materials
  - 5.16.3.1. Overview
  - 5.16.3.2. CCUS technologies
  - 5.16.3.3. Carbonated aggregates
  - 5.16.3.4. Additives during mixing
  - 5.16.3.5. Concrete curing
  - 5.16.3.6. Costs
  - 5.16.3.7. Companies
  - 5.16.3.8. Challenges
- 5.16.4. CO2 Utilization in Biological Yield-Boosting
  - 5.16.4.1. Overview
  - 5.16.4.2. Applications
  - 5.16.4.3. Companies
- 5.16.5. Food and feed production
- 5.16.6. CO2 Utilization in Enhanced Oil Recovery
  - 5.16.6.1. Overview
  - 5.16.6.2. CO2-EOR facilities and projects
5.17. Storage
- 5.17.1. CO2 storage sites
  - 5.17.1.1. Storage types for geologic CO2 storage
  - 5.17.1.2. Oil and gas fields
  - 5.17.1.3. Saline formations
- 5.17.2. Global CO2 storage capacity
- 5.17.3. Costs

6. COMPANY PROFILES (66 company profiles)

7. REFERENCES

List of Tables

Table 1. Abbreviations
Table 2. Technology Readiness Level (TRL) Examples
Table 3. Key market barriers for CCUS
Table 4. CO2 utilization and removal pathways
Table 5. Approaches for capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) from point sources
Table 6. CO2 capture technologies
Table 7. Advantages and challenges of carbon capture technologies
Table 8. Overview of commercial materials and processes utilized in carbon capture
Table 9. Benchmarking comparison of various CDR technologies based on key parameters
Table 10. Global commercial CCUS facilities-in operation
Table 11. Global commercial CCUS facilities-under development/construction
Table 12. Methods of CO2 transport
Table 13. Carbon capture, transport, and storage cost per unit of CO2
Table 14. Estimated capital costs for commercial-scale carbon capture
Table 15. DACCS carbon credit revenue forecast (million US$), 2024-2045
Table 16. Point source examples
Table 17. Assessment of carbon capture materials
Table 18. Chemical solvents used in post-combustion
Table 19. Commercially available physical solvents for pre-combustion carbon capture
Table 20. DAC technologies
Table 21. Advantages and disadvantages of DAC
Table 22. Advantages of DAC as a CO2 removal strategy
Table 23. Companies developing airflow equipment integration with DAC
Table 24. Companies developing Passive Direct Air Capture (PDAC) technologies
Table 25. Companies developing regeneration methods for DAC technologies
Table 26. DAC companies and technologies
Table 27. DAC technology developers and production
Table 28. DAC projects in development
Table 29. DACCS carbon removal capacity forecast (million metric tons of CO2 per year), 2024-2045, base case
Table 30. DACCS carbon removal capacity forecast (million metric tons of CO2 per year), 2030-2045, optimistic case
Table 31. Costs summary for DAC
Table 32. Typical cost contributions of the main components of a DACCS system
Table 33. Cost estimates of DAC
Table 34. Challenges for DAC technology
Table 35. DAC companies and technologies
Table 36. Example CO2 utilization pathways
Table 37. Markets for Direct Air Capture and Storage (DACCS)
Table 38. Market overview for CO2 derived fuels
Table 39. Microalgae products and prices
Table 40. Main Solar-Driven CO2 Conversion Approaches
Table 41. Companies in CO2-derived fuel products
Table 42. Commodity chemicals and fuels manufactured from CO2
Table 43. CO2 utilization products developed by chemical and plastic producers
Table 44. Companies in CO2-derived chemicals products
Table 45. Carbon capture technologies and projects in the cement sector
Table 46. Companies in CO2 derived building materials
Table 47. Market challenges for CO2 utilization in construction materials
Table 48. Companies in CO2 Utilization in Biological Yield-Boosting
Table 49. CO2 sequestering technologies and their use in food
Table 50. Applications of CCS in oil and gas production
Table 51. Storage and utilization of CO2
Table 52. Global depleted reservoir storage projects
Table 53. Global CO2 ECBM storage projects
Table 54. CO2 EOR/storage projects
Table 55. Global storage sites-saline aquifer projects
Table 56. Global storage capacity estimates, by region

List of Figures

Figure 1. Schematic of CCUS process
Figure 2. Pathways for CO2 utilization and removal
Figure 3. A pre-combustion capture system
Figure 4. Carbon dioxide utilization and removal cycle
Figure 5. Various pathways for CO2 utilization
Figure 6. Example of underground carbon dioxide storage
Figure 7. Carbon Capture, Utilization, & Storage (CCUS) Market Map
Figure 8. CCS deployment projects, historical and to 2035
Figure 9. Existing and planned CCS projects
Figure 10. CCUS Value Chain
Figure 11. Transport of CCS technologies
Figure 12. Railroad car for liquid CO2 transport
Figure 13. Estimated costs of capture of one metric ton of carbon dioxide (Co2) by sector
Figure 14. Cost of CO2 transported at different flowrates
Figure 15. Cost estimates for long-distance CO2 transport
Figure 16. CO2 capture and separation technology
Figure 17. Global capacity of point-source carbon capture and storage facilities
Figure 18. Global carbon capture capacity by CO2 source, 2021
Figure 19. Global carbon capture capacity by CO2 source, 2030
Figure 20. Global carbon capture capacity by CO2 endpoint, 2021 and 2030
Figure 21. Post-combustion carbon capture process
Figure 22. Postcombustion CO2 Capture in a Coal-Fired Power Plant
Figure 23. Oxy-combustion carbon capture process
Figure 24. Liquid or supercritical CO2 carbon capture process
Figure 25. Pre-combustion carbon capture process
Figure 26. CO2 captured from air using liquid and solid sorbent DAC plants, storage, and reuse
Figure 27. Global CO2 capture from biomass and DAC in the Net Zero Scenario
Figure 28. Potential for DAC removal versus other carbon removal methods
Figure 29. DAC technologies
Figure 30. Schematic of Climeworks DAC system
Figure 31. Climeworks' first commercial direct air capture (DAC) plant, based in Hinwil, Switzerland
Figure 32. Flow diagram for solid sorbent DAC
Figure 33. Direct air capture based on high temperature liquid sorbent by Carbon Engineering
Figure 34. Global capacity of direct air capture facilities
Figure 35. Global map of DAC and CCS plants
Figure 36. Schematic of costs of DAC technologies
Figure 37. DAC cost breakdown and comparison
Figure 38. Operating costs of generic liquid and solid-based DAC systems
Figure 39. Co2 utilization pathways and products
Figure 40. Conversion route for CO2-derived fuels and chemical intermediates
Figure 41. Conversion pathways for CO2-derived methane, methanol and diesel
Figure 42. CO2 feedstock for the production of e-methanol
Figure 43. Schematic illustration of (a) biophotosynthetic, (b) photothermal, (c) microbial-photoelectrochemical, (d) photosynthetic and photocatalytic (PS/PC), (e) photoelectrochemical (PEC), and (f) photovoltaic plus electrochemical (PV+EC) approaches for CO2 c
Figure 44. Audi synthetic fuels
Figure 45. Conversion of CO2 into chemicals and fuels via different pathways
Figure 46. Conversion pathways for CO2-derived polymeric materials
Figure 47. Conversion pathway for CO2-derived building materials
Figure 48. Schematic of CCUS in cement sector
Figure 49. Carbon8 Systems' ACT process
Figure 50. CO2 utilization in the Carbon Cure process
Figure 51. Algal cultivation in the desert
Figure 52. Example pathways for products from cyanobacteria
Figure 53. Typical Flow Diagram for CO2 EOR
Figure 54. Large CO2-EOR projects in different project stages by industry
Figure 55. CO2 Storage Overview - Site Options
Figure 56. CO2 injection into a saline formation while producing brine for beneficial use
Figure 57. Subsurface storage cost estimation
Figure 58. Schematic of carbon capture solar project
Figure 59. Carbonminer DAC technology
Figure 60. Carbon Blade system
Figure 61. Direct Air Capture Process
Figure 62. Orca facility
Figure 63. Holy Grail DAC system
Figure 64. Infinitree swing method
Figure 65. Audi/Krajete DAC unit
Figure 66. Neustark modular plant
Figure 67. 3D model of 100,000 tpa DAC plant
Figure 68. RepAir technology
Figure 69. Skytree pilot DAC unit
Figure 70. Soletair Power unit

The Global Direct Air Carbon Capture and Storage (DACCS) Market 2024-2035

Description

Table of Contents

List of Tables

Report contents include:

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. ABBREVIATIONS

2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3. INTRODUCTION

4. CARBON CAPTURE

5. DIRECT AIR CAPTURE AND STORAGE (DACCS)

6. COMPANY PROFILES (66 company profiles)

7. REFERENCES

List of Tables

List of Figures