The Global Conductive Inks Market 2024-2035

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• 1.1. The market for conductive inks
  • 1.1.1. Types of Conductive Inks
  • 1.1.2. Main Applications of Conductive Inks
  • 1.1.3. Advantages of Conductive Inks
  • 1.1.4. Growth and development of conductive inks market
    • 1.1.4.1. Market Evolution
  • 1.1.5. Opportunities in Conductive Inks
    • 1.1.5.1. Flexible and Wearable Electronics
    • 1.1.5.2. Smart Packaging
    • 1.1.5.3. Automotive Industry
    • 1.1.5.4. Medical Devices
    • 1.1.5.5. Energy Harvesting and Storage
    • 1.1.5.6. Smart Textiles
    • 1.1.5.7. Aerospace and Defence
• 1.2. Digitization of industry
• 1.3. Printing processes and equipment
• 1.4. Costs
  • 1.4.1. Reducing costs
  • 1.4.2. Material prices
• 1.5. Market segmentation
  • 1.5.1. Materials
  • 1.5.2. Printing Technology
  • 1.5.3. Application
  • 1.5.4. End-Use Industries
• 1.6. Global conductive ink revenues, by ink type

2. INTRODUCTION

• 2.1. Conductivity requirements
  • 2.1.1. Challenges
  • 2.1.2. Converting conductivity to sheet resistance
• 2.2. Growth in printed electronics
  • 2.2.1. Antennas
  • 2.2.2. EMI Shielding
• 2.3. Conductive Ink Suppliers
  • 2.3.1. Market positioning
  • 2.3.2. Suppliers by Conductive Material
    • 2.3.2.1. Silver Inks
    • 2.3.2.2. Copper Inks
    • 2.3.2.3. Carbon/Graphene Inks
    • 2.3.2.4. Conductive Polymers
  • 2.3.3. Suppliers by Ink Composition
    • 2.3.3.1. Nanoparticle Inks
    • 2.3.3.2. Particle-free Inks
    • 2.3.3.3. Hybrid Inks

3. CONDUCTIVE INK MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY

• 3.1. Overview
• 3.2. Flake-based silver inks
  • 3.2.1. Overview
    • 3.2.1.1. Increased conductivity and improved durability
    • 3.2.1.2. High resolution functional screen printing
    • 3.2.1.3. Silver electromigration
  • 3.2.2. Flake-based silver ink value chain
  • 3.2.3. Comparison of flake-based silver inks
  • 3.2.4. Silver flake producers
  • 3.2.5. SWOT analysis
• 3.3. Nanoparticle-based silver inks
  • 3.3.1. Overview
  • 3.3.2. Costs
  • 3.3.3. Increasing conductivity
  • 3.3.4. Laser-Generated Inks
    • 3.3.4.1. Key advantages
  • 3.3.5. Prices
  • 3.3.6. Ag nanoparticle inks curing
    • 3.3.6.1. Curing Temperature
    • 3.3.6.2. Curing Time
  • 3.3.7. Silver nanoparticle production
    • 3.3.7.1. Methods
    • 3.3.7.2. Benchmarking
    • 3.3.7.3. Nanoparticle ink manufacturers
  • 3.3.8. Applications
  • 3.3.9. Comparison of nanoparticle-based silver ink types
  • 3.3.10. SWOT analysis
• 3.4. Particle-free inks
  • 3.4.1. Overview
    • 3.4.1.1. Operating principle
    • 3.4.1.2. Conductivity
    • 3.4.1.3. Benefits of particle-free inks
    • 3.4.1.4. Permeability
    • 3.4.1.5. Thermoformable particle-free inks
    • 3.4.1.6. Particle-free conductive inks based on sintering requirements
    • 3.4.1.7. Particle-free inks for different metals
    • 3.4.1.8. Properties of particle-free silver inks
  • 3.4.2. Applications
    • 3.4.2.1. Key application areas
    • 3.4.2.2. EMI shielding
  • 3.4.3. Particle free ink producers
  • 3.4.4. SWOT analysis
• 3.5. Copper inks
  • 3.5.1. Overview
    • 3.5.1.1. Challenges
      • 3.5.1.1.1. Copper oxidation
  • 3.5.2. Sintering
  • 3.5.3. Applications
    • 3.5.3.1. Flexible and hybrid electronics (FHE)
    • 3.5.3.2. RFID
  • 3.5.4. Copper ink suppliers
  • 3.5.5. SWOT analysis
• 3.6. Carbon-based inks (including graphene & CNTs)
  • 3.6.1. Overview
  • 3.6.2. Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Inks
    • 3.6.2.1. Transparent conductive CNT inks
  • 3.6.3. Graphene Inks
    • 3.6.3.1.1. Properties
  • 3.6.4. Graphene/CNT ink producers
  • 3.6.5. Comparative analysis
  • 3.6.6. Carbon Black Inks
    • 3.6.6.1. Applications
  • 3.6.7. SWOT analysis
• 3.7. Stretchable/Thermoformable Inks
  • 3.7.1. Overview
    • 3.7.1.1. Stretchable v Thermoformable conductive inks
    • 3.7.1.2. Size and morphology of conductive filler particles
  • 3.7.2. Applications and innovations
  • 3.7.3. Metal gels
    • 3.7.3.1. Description
    • 3.7.3.2. Advantages
  • 3.7.4. Stretchable/thermoformable ink manufacturers
  • 3.7.5. SWOT analysis
• 3.8. Silver Nanowires
  • 3.8.1. Overview
    • 3.8.1.1. Benefits of silver nanowire TCFs
    • 3.8.1.2. Performance in TCFs
    • 3.8.1.3. Durability and flexibility
  • 3.8.2. Improving electrical and mechanical properties
  • 3.8.3. Coating and encapsulation
  • 3.8.4. Limitations and challenges
  • 3.8.5. Value chain
  • 3.8.6. Manufacturing processes
  • 3.8.7. Applications
    • 3.8.7.1. Capacitive touch sensors
    • 3.8.7.2. Touchscreens
    • 3.8.7.3. Transparent heaters
  • 3.8.8. Silver nanowire producers
  • 3.8.9. SWOT Analysis
• 3.9. Conductive polymers
  • 3.9.1. Overview
    • 3.9.1.1. Commercial types
      • 3.9.1.1.1. n-type conductive polymers
      • 3.9.1.1.2. Biobased conductive polymer inks
    • 3.9.1.2. Advantages
  • 3.9.2. Applications
    • 3.9.2.1. Flexible devices
    • 3.9.2.2. Capacitive touch sensors
  • 3.9.3. SWOT analysis

4. MARKET AND APPLICATIONS FOR CONDUCTIVE INKS

• 4.1. Overview of key applications for conductive inks
• 4.2. Benchmarking conductive ink requirements
  • 4.2.1. Technological and commercial readiness of key conductive ink applications
• 4.3. Photovoltaics
  • 4.3.1. Technology overview
    • 4.3.1.1. Charge extraction
    • 4.3.1.2. Conductive pastes and inks in photovoltaic cells
  • 4.3.2. Costs
  • 4.3.3. Transitioning from PERC to TOPCon and SHJ
  • 4.3.4. Alternative solar cell connection technology
  • 4.3.5. Conductive ink requirements
  • 4.3.6. SWOT analysis
  • 4.3.7. Global market revenues, by ink type
• 4.4. Printed Heaters
  • 4.4.1. Technology overview
  • 4.4.2. Applications
    • 4.4.2.1. Automotive
    • 4.4.2.2. Building-integrated solutions
    • 4.4.2.3. Wearable heaters
  • 4.4.3. Comparison for e-textile heating technologies
    • 4.4.3.1. Heated clothing
  • 4.4.4. Conductive ink requirements for printed heaters
  • 4.4.5. SWOT analysis
  • 4.4.6. Global market revenues, by ink type
• 4.5. Flexible hybrid electronics (FHE)
  • 4.5.1. Technology overview
  • 4.5.2. Advantages
  • 4.5.3. FHE value chain
  • 4.5.4. Applications
    • 4.5.4.1. Wearable skin patches
    • 4.5.4.2. Condition monitoring
    • 4.5.4.3. Multi-sensor wireless asset tracking systems
  • 4.5.5. Conductive ink requirements
  • 4.5.6. SWOT analysis
  • 4.5.7. Global market revenues, by ink type
• 4.6. In-mold electronics (IME)
  • 4.6.1. Technology overview
    • 4.6.1.1. Advantages
    • 4.6.1.2. IME manufacturing
    • 4.6.1.3. Materials
  • 4.6.2. IME value chain
  • 4.6.3. Silver flake-based ink
  • 4.6.4. Conductive ink requirements
  • 4.6.5. SWOT analysis
  • 4.6.6. Global market revenues, by ink type
• 4.7 3D Electronics
  • 4.7.1. Technology overview
  • 4.7.2. Partially versus fully additive electronics
    • 4.7.2.1. Partially Additive Electronics
    • 4.7.2.2. Fully Additive Electronics
  • 4.7.3. Nanoscale to macroscale
  • 4.7.4. Fully 3D Printed Electronics
    • 4.7.4.1. Fully 3D printed circuits and electronic components
    • 4.7.4.2. Challenges
  • 4.7.5. Conductive Ink Requirements
  • 4.7.6. SWOT analysis
  • 4.7.7. Global market revenues, by ink type
• 4.8. E-textiles
  • 4.8.1. Technology overview
    • 4.8.1.1. Integration of electronics into
    • 4.8.1.2. Challenges for E-Textiles
  • 4.8.2. Applications
    • 4.8.2.1. Biometric Monitoring
    • 4.8.2.2. Textile sensors
  • 4.8.3. Conductive Ink Requirements
  • 4.8.4. SWOT analysis
  • 4.8.5. Global market revenues, by ink type
• 4.9. Circuit prototyping
  • 4.9.1. Technology overview
    • 4.9.1.1. PCB prototyping
    • 4.9.1.2. Circuit prototyping and 3D electronics
  • 4.9.2. Conductive ink requirements
  • 4.9.3. SWOT analysis
  • 4.9.4. Global market revenues, by ink type
• 4.10. Printed and flexible sensors
  • 4.10.1. Key markets for printed/flexible sensors
  • 4.10.2. Capacitive sensing
    • 4.10.2.1. Working principle
    • 4.10.2.2. Printed capacitive sensor technologies
    • 4.10.2.3. 3D Capacitive Sensing
    • 4.10.2.4. Current mode sensor readout
    • 4.10.2.5. Conductive ink requirements
    • 4.10.2.6. SWOT analysis
    • 4.10.2.7. Global market revenues, by ink type
  • 4.10.3. Pressure sensors
    • 4.10.3.1. Force sensitive inks
    • 4.10.3.2. Manufacturing methods
      • 4.10.3.2.1. Roll-to-roll manufacturing technology
    • 4.10.3.3. Conductive ink requirements
    • 4.10.3.4. SWOT analysis
    • 4.10.3.5. Global market revenues, by ink type
  • 4.10.4. Biosensors
    • 4.10.4.1. Electrochemical biosensors
      • 4.10.4.1.1. Fabrication of electrochemical biosensors
        • 4.10.4.1.1.1. Screen Printing
        • 4.10.4.1.1.2. Sputtering
      • 4.10.4.1.2. Challenges
    • 4.10.4.2. Printed pH sensors
    • 4.10.4.3. Conductive ink requirements
    • 4.10.4.4. SWOT analysis
    • 4.10.4.5. Global market revenues, by ink type
  • 4.10.5. Strain sensors
    • 4.10.5.1. Overview
    • 4.10.5.2. Capacitive strain sensors
    • 4.10.5.3. Resistive strain sensors
    • 4.10.5.4. AR/VR
    • 4.10.5.5. Conductive ink requirements
    • 4.10.5.6. SWOT analysis
    • 4.10.5.7. Global market revenues, by ink type
• 4.11. Wearable electrodes
  • 4.11.1. Technology overview
    • 4.11.1.1. Wet vs dry electrodes
  • 4.11.2. Requirements
  • 4.11.3. Applications
    • 4.11.3.1. Skin patches
    • 4.11.3.2. E-textiles
  • 4.11.4. Conductive ink requirements
  • 4.11.5. SWOT analysis
  • 4.11.6. Global market revenues, by ink type
• 4.12. EMI Shielding
  • 4.12.1. Technology overview
  • 4.12.2. Process flow
  • 4.12.3. Sprayed EMI shielding
  • 4.12.4. Conformal shielding technologies
  • 4.12.5. Hybrid inks
  • 4.12.6. Particle-free Ag ink
  • 4.12.7. Heterogeneous integration
  • 4.12.8. Suppliers
  • 4.12.9. Conductive ink requirements
  • 4.12.10. SWOT analysis
  • 4.12.11. Global market revenues, by ink type
• 4.13. Printed Antennas
  • 4.13.1. Technology overview
    • 4.13.1.1. Extruded conductive paste
  • 4.13.2. Applications
    • 4.13.2.1. Automotive transparent antennas
    • 4.13.2.2. Building integrated transparent antennas
    • 4.13.2.3. Consumer electronic devices
    • 4.13.2.4. Smart packaging
  • 4.13.3. Conductive ink requirements
  • 4.13.4. SWOT analysis
  • 4.13.5. Global market revenues, by ink type
• 4.14. RFID & Smart Packaging
  • 4.14.1. Technology overview
  • 4.14.2. Applications
    • 4.14.2.1. Printed RFID antennas
    • 4.14.2.2. Smart packaging
    • 4.14.2.3. Sensor-less sensing
  • 4.14.3. Conductive ink requirements
  • 4.14.4. SWOT analysis
  • 4.14.5. Global market revenues, by ink type
• 4.15. Printed batteries
  • 4.15.1. Technology overview
  • 4.15.2. Applications
  • 4.15.3. SWOT analysis
  • 4.15.4. Global market revenues, by ink type

5. COMPANY PROFILES 235 (91 company profiles)

6. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

7. REFERENCES

List of Tables

• Table 1. Conductivity of some functional materials used in conductive inks
• Table 2. Advantages of conductive ink, by type
• Table 3. Key Growth Markets for Conductive Inks
• Table 4. Material Type
• Table 5. Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of different conductive ink types
• Table 6. Printing technologies
• Table 7. Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of different printing technologies
• Table 8. Applications for conductive inks,
• Table 9. Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of conductive ink applications
• Table 10. End-Use Industries for conductive inks
• Table 11. Global conductive ink revenues, by ink type, 2022-2035 (Millions US$)
• Table 12. Conductivity Requirements by Application
• Table 13. Suppliers by Conductive Material
• Table 14. Suppliers by Ink Composition
• Table 15. Benchmarking conductive ink properties
• Table 16. Properties of various flake-based silver inks
• Table 17. Silver Flake Producers and Products
• Table 18. Prices of various silver nanoparticle products and ink formulations
• Table 19. Comparative analysis of Silver Nanoparticle Production Methods
• Table 20. Benchmarking Parameters for Silver Nanoparticle Production Methods
• Table 21. Nanoparticle ink manufacturers
• Table 22. Application Opportunities for Nanoparticle Inks
• Table 23. Comparing properties of nanoparticle-based silver inks
• Table 24. Key benefits of particle-free inks
• Table 25. Particle-free conductive inks based on their sintering requirements
• Table 26. Particle-free conductive inks for different metals
• Table 27. Properties of different particle-free silver ink systems
• Table 28. Key application areas and the potential benefits of using particle-free inks
• Table 29. Particle-Free Ink Manufacturers and Products
• Table 30. Challenges in developing copper inks
• Table 31. Particle-free conductive inks based on their sintering requirements
• Table 32. Copper ink suppliers
• Table 33. Comparison table of various carbon conductive inks
• Table 34. Properties for various transparent conductive materials
• Table 35. Graphene-based conductive inks applications
• Table 36. Graphene/CNT ink producers
• Table 37. Properties of graphene and CNT inks
• Table 38. Commercially available carbon black grades
• Table 39. Stretchable v Thermoformable conductive inks
• Table 40. TRL for stretchable and thermoformable electronics
• Table 41. Properties of selected stretchable and thermoformable conductive inks
• Table 42. Stretchable/Thermoformable Ink Manufacturers
• Table 43. Key benefits of silver nanowires
• Table 44. Applications of silver nanowires
• Table 45. TRL of silver nanowire technology
• Table 46. Silver nanowire producers
• Table 47.Biobased conductive polymer inks
• Table 48. Applications of conductive polymers in flexible electronics
• Table 49. Key applications of conductive inks
• Table 50. Benchmarking conductive ink requirements by application
• Table 51. Technological and commercial readiness levels of various conductive ink applications
• Table 52. Conductive ink requirements for photovoltaics
• Table 53. Global Market for Conductive Inks for Photovoltaics (Conventional/Rigid), 2022-2035 (Millions USD)
• Table 54. Global Market for Conductive Inks for Photovoltaics (Flexible), 2022-2035 (Millions USD)
• Table 55. Building-integrated solutions for printed heaters
• Table 56. Key characteristics of e-textile heating technologies
• Table 57. Conductive ink requirements for printed heaters
• Table 58. Global Market for Conductive Inks in printed heaters, 2022-2035 (Millions USD)
• Table 59. Conductive ink requirements in FHE
• Table 60. Global market for Conductive Inks in Flexible Hybrid Electronics (FHE), by ink type, 2022-2035 (Millions USD)
• Table 61. Key requirements for conductive inks in IME applications
• Table 62. Global Market for Conductive Inks in In-Mold Electronics (IME), 2022-2035 (Millions USD)
• Table 63. Advantages of fully additively manufactured 3D electronics:
• Table 64. Fully 3D printed circuits and electronic components
• Table 65. Requirements for conductive inks in 3D electronics:
• Table 66. Global Market for Conductive Inks in 3-D Electronics, 2022-2035 (Millions USD)
• Table 67. Requirements for conductive inks in e-textiles applications
• Table 68. Global Market for Conductive Inks in E-Textiles, 2022-2035 (Millions USD)
• Table 69. Global Market for Conductive Inks for Circuit Prototyping, 2022-2035 (Millions USD)
• Table 70. Key markets for printed/flexible sensors
• Table 71. Printed capacitive sensor technologies
• Table 72. Technology Readiness level of printed capacitive touch sensors materials and technologies
• Table 73. Global Market for Conductive Inks in capacitive sensing, 2022-2035 (Millions USD)
• Table 74. Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs) for printed piezoresistive pressure sensors and printed piezoelectric sensors
• Table 75. Manufacturing of printed piezoresistive sensors
• Table 76. Conductive ink requirements for printed piezoresistive pressure sensors and printed piezoelectric sensors
• Table 77. Global Market for Conductive Inks in pressure sensors, 2022-2035 (Millions USD)
• Table 78. Global Market for Conductive Inks in biosensors, 2022-2035 (Millions USD)
• Table 79. Global Market for Conductive Inks in printed strain sensors, 2022-2035 (Millions USD)
• Table 80. Comparison of Wet and Dry Electrodes in Wearable Electrodes
• Table 81. Requirements of wearable electrodes
• Table 82. Markets, applications and product types for wearable electrodes
• Table 83. Technology readiness level of printed wearable electrodes
• Table 84. Conductive ink requirements for printed wearable electrodes
• Table 85. Global Market for Conductive Inks in wearable electrodes, 2022-2035 (Millions USD)
• Table 86. Ink-based conformal EMI shielding companies
• Table 87. Conductive ink requirements for EMI shielding
• Table 88. Global Market for Conductive Inks in EMI shielding, 2022-2035 (Milions)
• Table 89. Addressable Markets for Transparent Antennas
• Table 90. Global Market for Conductive Inks in printed antennas, 2022-2035 (Millions USD)
• Table 91. Conductive ink requirements for RFID and smart packaging
• Table 92. Global Market for Conductive Inks in RFID and smart packaging, 2022-2035 (Millions USD)
• Table 93. Global Market for Conductive Inks in printed batteries, 2022-2035 (Millions USD)

List of Figures

• Figure 1. Printed electronics for smart automotive interiors
• Figure 2. E-textile with printed antenna
• Figure 3. Global conductive ink revenues, by ink type, 2022-2035 (Millions US$)
• Figure 4. Flexible RFID antenna printed using conductive ink
• Figure 5. Flake-Based Silver Ink Value Chain
• Figure 6. SWOT analysis for Flake-based silver inks
• Figure 7. SWOT analysis for Nanoparticle inks
• Figure 8. SWOT analysis for Particle-free conductive inks
• Figure 9. RFID Tag with Nano Copper Antenna on Paper
• Figure 10. SWOT analysis for Copper-based inks
• Figure 11. SWOT analysis for Carbon black conductive inks
• Figure 12. SWOT analysis for Nanostructured carbon conductive inks
• Figure 13. Stretchable conductive ink containing liquid-metal particles prototype
• Figure 14. SWOT analysis for Stretchable/thermoformable inks
• Figure 15. Silver nanowires value chain
• Figure 16. SWOT analysis for Silver nanowires
• Figure 17. SWOT analysis: conductive polymer inks
• Figure 18. SWOT analysis for Conductive ink in Photovoltaics
• Figure 19. Global Market for Conductive Inks for Photovoltaics (Conventional/Rigid), 2022-2035 (Millions USD)
• Figure 20. Global Market for Conductive Inks for Photovoltaics (Flexible), 2022-2035 (Millions USD)
• Figure 21. Haydale 'Hot Seat'
• Figure 22. SWOT analysis for Conductive inks in Printed heaters
• Figure 23. Global Market for Conductive Inks in printed heaters, 2022-2035 (Millions USD)
• Figure 24. SWOT analysis: Conductive inks in Flexible hybrid electronics (FHE)
• Figure 25. Global Market for Conductive Inks in Flexible Hybrid Electronics (FHE), by ink type, 2022-2035 (Millions USD)
• Figure 26. In-Mold Electronics (IME) examples
• Figure 27. IME value chain
• Figure 28. SWOT analysis for Conductive inks in In-mold electronics (IME)
• Figure 29. Conductive Inks for In-Mold Electronics (IME) Volumes 2022-2035 (Tons)
• Figure 30. SWOT analysis for Conductive inks in 3D electronics
• Figure 31. Global Market for Conductive Inks in 3-D Electronics, 2022-2035 (Millions USD)
• Figure 32. SWOT analysis for Conductive inks in e-textiles
• Figure 33. Global Market for Conductive Inks in E-Textiles, 2022-2035 (Millions USD)
• Figure 34. SWOT analysis for conductive inks in circuit prototyping
• Figure 35. Global Market for Conductive Inks for Circuit Prototyping, 2022-2035 (Millions USD)
• Figure 36. SWOT analysis: Conductive inks in capacitive sensors
• Figure 37. Global Market for Conductive Inks in capacitive sensing, 2022-2035 (Millions USD)
• Figure 38. SWOT analysis for Piezoresistive sensors
• Figure 39. SWOT analysis for Piezoelectric sensors
• Figure 40. Global Market for Conductive Inks in pressure sensors, 2022-2035 (Millions USD)
• Figure 41. SWOT analysis for Conductive inks in Printed biosensors
• Figure 42. Global Market for Conductive Inks in biosensors, 2022-2035 (Millions USD)
• Figure 43. Conductive Inks in printed strain sensors
• Figure 44. Global Market for Conductive Inks in printed strain sensors, 2022-2035 (Millions USD)
• Figure 45. SWOT analysis for Printed wearable electrodes
• Figure 46. Global Market for Conductive Inks in wearable electrodes, 2022-2035 (Millions USD)
• Figure 47. SWOT analysis for Conductive inks in EMI shielding
• Figure 48. Global Market for Conductive Inks in EMI shielding, 2022-2035 (Millions)
• Figure 49. SWOT analysis for Printed antennas
• Figure 50. Global Market for Conductive Inks in printed antennas, 2022-2035 (Millions USD)
• Figure 51. Chip-less RFID tags
• Figure 52. SWOT analysis for conductive inks in RFID and smart packaging
• Figure 53. Global Market for Conductive Inks in RFID and smart packaging, 2022-2035 (Millions USD)
• Figure 54. SWOT analysis for conductive inks in printed batteries
• Figure 55. Global Market for Conductive Inks in printed batteries, 2022-2035 (Millions USD)
• Figure 56. Bando conductive ink product
• Figure 57. DryCure J Ag Nanoink for Inkjet Printing
• Figure 58. Copprium copper ink product
• Figure 59. Fuji carbon nanotube products
• Figure 60. A RF antenna printed on the DragonFly IV
• Figure 61. (A) Thick-Film Conductive Ink. (B) Flexible substrate with patterns printed on its surface using the thick-film conductive ink. (C) Variety of metal complex inks that are used to synthesize the thick-film conductive ink. (D) Copper particles
• Figure 62. PulpaTronics' paper RFID tag
• Figure 63. Saral StretchSilver 500 printed on a textile substrate
• Figure 64. Touchcode technology