The Global Market for Advanced Li-ion and Beyond Lithium Batteries 2024-2035

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

• 1.1. Report scope
• 1.2. Research methodology

2. INTRODUCTION

• 2.1. The global market for advanced Li-ion batteries
  • 2.1.1. Electric vehicles
    • 2.1.1.1. Market overview
    • 2.1.1.2. Battery Electric Vehicles
    • 2.1.1.3. Electric buses, vans and trucks
      • 2.1.1.3.1. Electric medium and heavy duty trucks
      • 2.1.1.3.2. Electric light commercial vehicles (LCVs)
      • 2.1.1.3.3. Electric buses
      • 2.1.1.3.4. Micro EVs
    • 2.1.1.4. Electric off-road
      • 2.1.1.4.1. Construction vehicles
      • 2.1.1.4.2. Electric trains
      • 2.1.1.4.3. Electric boats
    • 2.1.1.5. Market demand and forecasts
  • 2.1.2. Grid storage
    • 2.1.2.1. Market overview
    • 2.1.2.2. Technologies
    • 2.1.2.3. Market demand and forecasts
  • 2.1.3. Consumer electronics
    • 2.1.3.1. Market overview
    • 2.1.3.2. Technologies
    • 2.1.3.3. Market demand and forecasts
  • 2.1.4. Stationary batteries
    • 2.1.4.1. Market overview
    • 2.1.4.2. Technologies
    • 2.1.4.3. Market demand and forecasts
• 2.2. Market drivers
• 2.3. Battery market megatrends
• 2.4. Advanced materials for batteries
• 2.5. Motivation for battery development beyond lithium
• 2.6. Battery chemistries

3. LI-ION BATTERIES

• 3.1. Types of Lithium Batteries
• 3.2. Anode materials
  • 3.2.1. Graphite
  • 3.2.2. Lithium Titanate
  • 3.2.3. Lithium Metal
  • 3.2.4. Silicon anodes
• 3.3. SWOT analysis
• 3.4. Trends in the Li-ion battery market
• 3.5. Silicon anodes
  • 3.5.1. Benefits
  • 3.5.2. Silicon anode performance
  • 3.5.3. Development in li-ion batteries
    • 3.5.3.1. Manufacturing silicon
    • 3.5.3.2. Commercial production
    • 3.5.3.3. Costs
    • 3.5.3.4. Value chain
    • 3.5.3.5. Markets and applications
      • 3.5.3.5.1. EVs
      • 3.5.3.5.2. Consumer electronics
      • 3.5.3.5.3. Energy Storage
      • 3.5.3.5.4. Portable Power Tools
      • 3.5.3.5.5. Emergency Backup Power
    • 3.5.3.6. Future outlook
  • 3.5.4. Consumption
    • 3.5.4.1. By anode material type
    • 3.5.4.2. By end use market
  • 3.5.5. Alloy anode materials
  • 3.5.6. Silicon-carbon composites
  • 3.5.7. Silicon oxides and coatings
  • 3.5.8. Carbon nanotubes in Li-ion
  • 3.5.9. Graphene coatings for Li-ion
  • 3.5.10. Prices
  • 3.5.11. Companies
• 3.6. Li-ion electrolytes
• 3.7. Cathodes
  • 3.7.1. Overview of Li-ion cathodes
  • 3.7.2. High-nickel cathode materials
  • 3.7.3. Manufacturing
  • 3.7.4. High manganese content
  • 3.7.5. Zero-Cobalt NMx
  • 3.7.6. Li-Mn-rich cathodes
  • 3.7.7. Lithium Cobalt Oxide(LiCoO2) - LCO
  • 3.7.8. Lithium Iron Phosphate(LiFePO4) - LFP
  • 3.7.9. Lithium Manganese Oxide (LiMn2O4) - LMO
  • 3.7.10. Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (LiNiMnCoO2) - NMC
  • 3.7.11. Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide (LiNiCoAlO2) - NCA
  • 3.7.12. LMR-NMC
  • 3.7.13. Lithium manganese phosphate (LiMnP)
  • 3.7.14. Lithium manganese iron phosphate (LiMnFePO4 or LMFP)
  • 3.7.15. Lithium nickel manganese oxide (LNMO)
  • 3.7.16. Comparison of key lithium-ion cathode materials
  • 3.7.17. Emerging cathode material synthesis methods
    • 3.7.17.1. Conventional NMC synthesis
    • 3.7.17.2. Conventional LFP synthesis
    • 3.7.17.3. Dry cathode synthesis
  • 3.7.18. Cathode coatings
  • 3.7.19. Recycled cathodes
  • 3.7.20. Companies
• 3.8. Binders and conductive additives
  • 3.8.1. Materials
• 3.9. Separators
  • 3.9.1. Materials
• 3.10. Platinum group metals
• 3.11. Li-ion battery market players
• 3.12. Li-ion recycling
  • 3.12.1. Comparison of recycling techniques
  • 3.12.2. Hydrometallurgy
    • 3.12.2.1. Method overview
      • 3.12.2.1.1. Solvent extraction
    • 3.12.2.2. SWOT analysis
  • 3.12.3. Pyrometallurgy
    • 3.12.3.1. Method overview
    • 3.12.3.2. SWOT analysis
  • 3.12.4. Direct recycling
    • 3.12.4.1. Method overview
      • 3.12.4.1.1. Electrolyte separation
      • 3.12.4.1.2. Separating cathode and anode materials
      • 3.12.4.1.3. Binder removal
      • 3.12.4.1.4. Relithiation
      • 3.12.4.1.5. Cathode recovery and rejuvenation
      • 3.12.4.1.6. Hydrometallurgical-direct hybrid recycling
    • 3.12.4.2. SWOT analysis
  • 3.12.5. Other methods
    • 3.12.5.1. Mechanochemical Pretreatment
    • 3.12.5.2. Electrochemical Method
    • 3.12.5.3. Ionic Liquids
  • 3.12.6. Recycling of Specific Components
    • 3.12.6.1. Anode (Graphite)
    • 3.12.6.2. Cathode
    • 3.12.6.3. Electrolyte
  • 3.12.7. Recycling of Beyond Li-ion Batteries
  • 3.12.8. Conventional vs Emerging Processes
• 3.13. Global revenues

4. LITHIUM-METAL BATTERIES

• 4.1. Technology description
• 4.2. Lithium-metal anodes
• 4.3. Energy density
• 4.4. Anode-less Cells
• 4.5. Lithium-metal and solid-state batteries
• 4.6. Hybrid batteries
• 4.7. High energy Li-ion anode technology
• 4.8. Applications
• 4.9. Challenges
• 4.10. SWOT analysis
• 4.11. Product developers

5. LITHIUM-SULFUR BATTERIES

• 5.1. Technology description
  • 5.1.1. Advantages
  • 5.1.2. Challenges
  • 5.1.3. Commercialization
• 5.2. SWOT analysis
• 5.3. Global revenues
• 5.4. Product developers

6. LITHIUM AND NIOBATE TITANATE (LTO/XNO) BATTERIES

• 6.1. Technology description
• 6.2. Niobium titanium oxide (NTO)
  • 6.2.1. Niobium tungsten oxide
    • 6.2.1.1. Advantages over graphite
    • 6.2.1.2. Niobium based anodes
  • 6.2.2. Vanadium oxide anodes
• 6.3. Global revenues
• 6.4. Product developers

7. SODIUM-ION (NA-ION) BATTERIES

• 7.1. Technology description
  • 7.1.1. Cathode materials
    • 7.1.1.1. Layered transition metal oxides
      • 7.1.1.1.1. Types
      • 7.1.1.1.2. Cycling performance
      • 7.1.1.1.3. Advantages and disadvantages
      • 7.1.1.1.4. Market prospects for LO SIB
    • 7.1.1.2. Polyanionic materials
      • 7.1.1.2.1. Advantages and disadvantages
      • 7.1.1.2.2. Types
      • 7.1.1.2.3. Market prospects for Poly SIB
    • 7.1.1.3. Prussian blue analogues (PBA)
      • 7.1.1.3.1. Types
      • 7.1.1.3.2. Advantages and disadvantages
      • 7.1.1.3.3. Market prospects for PBA-SIB
  • 7.1.2. Anode materials
    • 7.1.2.1. Hard carbons
    • 7.1.2.2. Carbon black
    • 7.1.2.3. Graphite
    • 7.1.2.4. Carbon nanotubes
    • 7.1.2.5. Graphene
    • 7.1.2.6. Alloying materials
    • 7.1.2.7. Sodium Titanates
    • 7.1.2.8. Sodium Metal
  • 7.1.3. Electrolytes
• 7.2. Comparative analysis with other battery types
• 7.3. Cost comparison with Li-ion
• 7.4. Materials in sodium-ion battery cells
• 7.5. SWOT analysis
• 7.6. Global revenues
• 7.7. Product developers
  • 7.7.1. Battery Manufacturers
  • 7.7.2. Large Corporations
  • 7.7.3. Automotive Companies
  • 7.7.4. Chemicals and Materials Firms

8. SODIUM-SULFUR BATTERIES

• 8.1. Technology description
• 8.2. Applications
• 8.3. SWOT analysis

9. ALUMINIUM-ION BATTERIES

• 9.1. Technology description
• 9.2. SWOT analysis
• 9.3. Commercialization
• 9.4. Global revenues
• 9.5. Product developers

10. SOLID STATE BATTERIES

• 10.1. Technology description
  • 10.1.1. Solid-state electrolytes
• 10.2. Features and advantages
• 10.3. Technical specifications
• 10.4. Types
• 10.5. Microbatteries
  • 10.5.1. Introduction
  • 10.5.2. Materials
  • 10.5.3. Applications
• 10.5.4 3D designs
• 10.5.4.1 3D printed batteries
• 10.6. Bulk type solid-state batteries
• 10.7. SWOT analysis
• 10.8. Limitations
• 10.9. Global revenues
• 10.10. Product developers

11. FLEXIBLE BATTERIES

• 11.1. Technology description
• 11.2. Technical specifications
  • 11.2.1. Approaches to flexibility
• 11.3. Flexible electronics
  • 11.3.1. Flexible materials
• 11.4. Flexible and wearable Metal-sulfur batteries
• 11.5. Flexible and wearable Metal-air batteries
• 11.6. Flexible Lithium-ion Batteries
  • 11.6.1. Electrode designs
  • 11.6.2. Fiber-shaped Lithium-Ion batteries
  • 11.6.3. Stretchable lithium-ion batteries
  • 11.6.4. Origami and kirigami lithium-ion batteries
• 11.7. Flexible Li/S batteries
  • 11.7.1. Components
  • 11.7.2. Carbon nanomaterials
• 11.8. Flexible lithium-manganese dioxide (Li-MnO2) batteries
• 11.9. Flexible zinc-based batteries
  • 11.9.1. Components
    • 11.9.1.1. Anodes
    • 11.9.1.2. Cathodes
  • 11.9.2. Challenges
  • 11.9.3. Flexible zinc-manganese dioxide (Zn-Mn) batteries
  • 11.9.4. Flexible silver-zinc (Ag-Zn) batteries
  • 11.9.5. Flexible Zn-Air batteries
  • 11.9.6. Flexible zinc-vanadium batteries
• 11.10. Fiber-shaped batteries
  • 11.10.1. Carbon nanotubes
  • 11.10.2. Types
  • 11.10.3. Applications
  • 11.10.4. Challenges
• 11.11. Energy harvesting combined with wearable energy storage devices
• 11.12. SWOT analysis
• 11.13. Global revenues
• 11.14. Product developers

12. TRANSPARENT BATTERIES

• 12.1. Technology description
• 12.2. Components
• 12.3. SWOT analysis
• 12.4. Market outlook

13. DEGRADABLE BATTERIES

• 13.1. Technology description
• 13.2. Components
• 13.3. SWOT analysis
• 13.4. Market outlook
• 13.5. Product developers

14. PRINTED BATTERIES

• 14.1. Technical specifications
• 14.2. Components
• 14.3. Design
• 14.4. Key features
• 14.5. Printable current collectors
• 14.6. Printable electrodes
• 14.7. Materials
• 14.8. Applications
• 14.9. Printing techniques
• 14.10. Lithium-ion (LIB) printed batteries
• 14.11. Zinc-based printed batteries
• 14.12. 3D Printed batteries
  • 14.12.1. 3D Printing techniques for battery manufacturing
  • 14.12.2. Materials for 3D printed batteries
    • 14.12.2.1. Electrode materials
    • 14.12.2.2. Electrolyte Materials
• 14.13. SWOT analysis
• 14.14. Global revenues
• 14.15. Product developers

15. REDOX FLOW BATTERIES

• 15.1. Technology description
• 15.2. Types
  • 15.2.1. Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB)
    • 15.2.1.1. Technology description
    • 15.2.1.2. SWOT analysis
    • 15.2.1.3. Market players
  • 15.2.2. Zinc-bromine flow batteries (ZnBr)
    • 15.2.2.1. Technology description
    • 15.2.2.2. SWOT analysis
    • 15.2.2.3. Market players
  • 15.2.3. Polysulfide bromine flow batteries (PSB)
    • 15.2.3.1. Technology description
    • 15.2.3.2. SWOT analysis
  • 15.2.4. Iron-chromium flow batteries (ICB)
    • 15.2.4.1. Technology description
    • 15.2.4.2. SWOT analysis
    • 15.2.4.3. Market players
  • 15.2.5. All-Iron flow batteries
    • 15.2.5.1. Technology description
    • 15.2.5.2. SWOT analysis
    • 15.2.5.3. Market players
  • 15.2.6. Zinc-iron (Zn-Fe) flow batteries
    • 15.2.6.1. Technology description
    • 15.2.6.2. SWOT analysis
    • 15.2.6.3. Market players
  • 15.2.7. Hydrogen-bromine (H-Br) flow batteries
    • 15.2.7.1. Technology description
    • 15.2.7.2. SWOT analysis
    • 15.2.7.3. Market players
  • 15.2.8. Hydrogen-Manganese (H-Mn) flow batteries
    • 15.2.8.1. Technology description
    • 15.2.8.2. SWOT analysis
    • 15.2.8.3. Market players
  • 15.2.9. Organic flow batteries
    • 15.2.9.1. Technology description
    • 15.2.9.2. SWOT analysis
    • 15.2.9.3. Market players
  • 15.2.10. Emerging Flow-Batteries
    • 15.2.10.1. Semi-Solid Redox Flow Batteries
    • 15.2.10.2. Solar Redox Flow Batteries
    • 15.2.10.3. Air-Breathing Sulfur Flow Batteries
    • 15.2.10.4. Metal-CO2 Batteries
  • 15.2.11. Hybrid Flow Batteries
    • 15.2.11.1. Zinc-Cerium Hybrid Flow Batteries
      • 15.2.11.1.1. Technology description
    • 15.2.11.2. Zinc-Polyiodide Flow Batteries
      • 15.2.11.2.1. Technology description
    • 15.2.11.3. Zinc-Nickel Hybrid Flow Batteries
      • 15.2.11.3.1. Technology description
    • 15.2.11.4. Zinc-Bromine Hybrid Flow Batteries
      • 15.2.11.4.1. Technology description
    • 15.2.11.5. Vanadium-Polyhalide Flow Batteries
      • 15.2.11.5.1. Technology description
• 15.3. Markets for redox flow batteries
• 15.4. Global revenues
  • 15.4.1. By type
  • 15.4.2. By end-use market

16. ZN-BASED BATTERIES

• 16.1. Technology description
  • 16.1.1. Zinc-Air batteries
  • 16.1.2. Zinc-ion batteries
  • 16.1.3. Zinc-bromide
• 16.2. Market outlook
• 16.3. Product developers

17. COMPANY PROFILES (351 company profiles)

18. REFERENCES

List of Tables

• Table 1. Battery chemistries used in electric buses
• Table 2. Micro EV types
• Table 3. Battery Sizes for Different Vehicle Types
• Table 4. Competing technologies for batteries in electric boats
• Table 5. Competing technologies for batteries in grid storage
• Table 6. Competing technologies for batteries in consumer electronics
• Table 7. Competing technologies for sodium-ion batteries in grid storage
• Table 8. Market drivers for use of advanced materials and technologies in batteries
• Table 9. Battery market megatrends
• Table 10. Advanced materials for batteries
• Table 11. Commercial Li-ion battery cell composition
• Table 12. Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery supply chain
• Table 13. Types of lithium battery
• Table 14. Li-ion battery anode materials
• Table 15. Trends in the Li-ion battery market
• Table 16. Si-anode performance summary
• Table 17. Manufacturing methods for nano-silicon anodes
• Table 18. Markets and applications for silicon anodes
• Table 19. BEV anode market 2020-2035 (GWh)
• Table 20. BEV anode market 2020-2035 (KT)
• Table 21. BEV anode market 2020-2035 (Billions USD)
• Table 22. EV Anode market 2020-2035 (GWh)
• Table 23. EV anode market 2020-2035 (KT)
• Table 24. Consumer devices Anode market 2020-2035 (GWh)
• Table 25. Consumer devices Anode market 2020-2035 (KT)
• Table 26. Anode material consumption by type (tonnes)
• Table 27. Anode material consumption by end use market (tonnes)
• Table 28. Anode materials prices, current and forecasted
• Table 29. Silicon-anode companies
• Table 30. Li-ion battery cathode materials
• Table 31. Key technology trends shaping lithium-ion battery cathode development
• Table 32. LMR-NMC energy density
• Table 33. LMR-NMC cost,
• Table 34. Properties of Lithium Cobalt Oxide) as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries
• Table 35. Properties of lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4 or LFP) as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries
• Table 36. Properties of Lithium Manganese Oxide cathode material
• Table 37. Properties of Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC)
• Table 38. Properties of Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide
• Table 39. Comparison table of key lithium-ion cathode materials
• Table 40. Market players in Li-ion cathodes
• Table 41. Li-ion battery Binder and conductive additive materials
• Table 42. Li-ion battery Separator materials
• Table 43. Li-ion battery market players
• Table 44. Typical lithium-ion battery recycling process flow
• Table 45. Main feedstock streams that can be recycled for lithium-ion batteries
• Table 46. Comparison of LIB recycling methods
• Table 47. Comparison of conventional and emerging processes for recycling beyond lithium-ion batteries
• Table 48. Global revenues for Li-ion batteries, 2018-2035, by market (Billions USD)
• Table 49. Applications for Li-metal
• Table 50. Applications for Li-metal batteries
• Table 51. Li-metal battery developers
• Table 52. Comparison of the theoretical energy densities of lithium-sulfur batteries versus other common battery types
• Table 53. Global revenues for Lithium-sulfur, 2018-2035, by market (Billions USD)
• Table 54. Lithium-sulphur battery product developers
• Table 55. Product developers in Lithium titanate and niobate batteries
• Table 56. Comparison of cathode materials
• Table 57. Layered transition metal oxide cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries
• Table 58. General cycling performance characteristics of common layered transition metal oxide cathode materials
• Table 59. Polyanionic materials for sodium-ion battery cathodes
• Table 60. Comparative analysis of different polyanionic materials
• Table 61. Common types of Prussian Blue Analogue materials used as cathodes or anodes in sodium-ion batteries
• Table 62. Comparison of Na-ion battery anode materials
• Table 63. Hard Carbon producers for sodium-ion battery anodes
• Table 64. Comparison of carbon materials in sodium-ion battery anodes
• Table 65. Comparison between Natural and Synthetic Graphite
• Table 66. Properties of graphene, properties of competing materials, applications thereof
• Table 67. Comparison of carbon based anodes
• Table 68. Alloying materials used in sodium-ion batteries
• Table 69. Na-ion electrolyte formulations
• Table 70. Pros and cons compared to other battery types
• Table 71. Cost comparison with Li-ion batteries
• Table 72. Key materials in sodium-ion battery cells
• Table 73. Product developers in aluminium-ion batteries
• Table 74. Types of solid-state electrolytes
• Table 75. Market segmentation and status for solid-state batteries
• Table 76. Typical process chains for manufacturing key components and assembly of solid-state batteries
• Table 77. Comparison between liquid and solid-state batteries
• Table 78. Limitations of solid-state thin film batteries
• Table 79. Global revenues for All-Solid State Batteries, 2018-2035, by market (Billions USD)
• Table 80. Solid-state thin-film battery market players
• Table 81. Flexible battery applications and technical requirements
• Table 82. Flexible Li-ion battery prototypes
• Table 83. Electrode designs in flexible lithium-ion batteries
• Table 84. Summary of fiber-shaped lithium-ion batteries
• Table 85. Types of fiber-shaped batteries
• Table 86. Global revenues for flexible batteries, 2018-2035, by market (Billions USD)
• Table 87. Product developers in flexible batteries
• Table 88. Components of transparent batteries
• Table 89. Components of degradable batteries
• Table 90. Product developers in degradable batteries
• Table 91. Main components and properties of different printed battery types
• Table 92. Applications of printed batteries and their physical and electrochemical requirements
• Table 93. 2D and 3D printing techniques
• Table 94. Printing techniques applied to printed batteries
• Table 95. Main components and corresponding electrochemical values of lithium-ion printed batteries
• Table 96. Printing technique, main components and corresponding electrochemical values of printed batteries based on Zn-MnO2 and other battery types
• Table 97. Main 3D Printing techniques for battery manufacturing
• Table 98. Electrode Materials for 3D Printed Batteries
• Table 99. Global revenues for printed batteries, 2018-2035, by market (Billions USD)
• Table 100. Product developers in printed batteries
• Table 101. Advantages and disadvantages of redox flow batteries
• Table 102. Comparison of different battery types
• Table 103. Summary of main flow battery types
• Table 104. Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB)-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications
• Table 105. Market players in Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB)
• Table 106. Zinc-bromine (ZnBr) flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications
• Table 107. Market players in Zinc-Bromine Flow Batteries (ZnBr)
• Table 108. Polysulfide bromine flow batteries (PSB)-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications
• Table 109. Iron-chromium (ICB) flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications
• Table 110. Market players in Iron-chromium (ICB) flow batteries
• Table 111. All-Iron flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications
• Table 112. Market players in All-iron Flow Batteries
• Table 113. Zinc-iron (Zn-Fe) flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications
• Table 114. Market players in Zinc-iron (Zn-Fe) Flow Batteries
• Table 115. Hydrogen-bromine (H-Br) flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications
• Table 116. Market players in Hydrogen-bromine (H-Br) flow batteries
• Table 117. Hydrogen-Manganese (H-Mn) flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications
• Table 118. Market players in Hydrogen-Manganese (H-Mn) Flow Batteries
• Table 119. Materials in Organic Redox Flow Batteries (ORFB)
• Table 120. Key Active species for ORFBs
• Table 121. Organic flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications
• Table 122. Market players in Organic Redox Flow Batteries (ORFB)
• Table 123. Zinc-Cerium Hybrid flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications
• Table 124. Zinc-Polyiodide Hybrid Flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications
• Table 125. Zinc-Nickel Hybrid Flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications
• Table 126. Zinc-Bromine Hybrid Flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications
• Table 127. Vanadium-Polyhalide Hybrid Flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications
• Table 128. Redox flow battery value chain
• Table 129. Global revenues for redox flow batteries, 2018-2035, by type (millions USD)
• Table 130. Global revenues for redox flow batteries, 2018-2035, by end-use market (millions USD)
• Table 131. ZN-based battery product developers
• Table 132. CATL sodium-ion battery characteristics
• Table 133. CHAM sodium-ion battery characteristics
• Table 134. Chasm SWCNT products
• Table 135. Faradion sodium-ion battery characteristics
• Table 136. HiNa Battery sodium-ion battery characteristics
• Table 137. Battery performance test specifications of J. Flex batteries
• Table 138. LiNa Energy battery characteristics
• Table 139. Natrium Energy battery characteristics

List of Figures

• Figure 1. Annual sales of battery electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles
• Figure 2. Electric car Li-ion demand forecast (GWh), 2018-2035
• Figure 3. EV Li-ion battery market (US$B), 2018-2035
• Figure 4. Electric bus, truck and van battery forecast (GWh), 2018-2035
• Figure 5. Micro EV Li-ion demand forecast (GWh)
• Figure 6. Lithium-ion battery grid storage demand forecast (GWh), 2018-2035
• Figure 7. Sodium-ion grid storage units
• Figure 8. Salt-E Dog mobile battery
• Figure 9. I.Power Nest - Residential Energy Storage System Solution
• Figure 10. Costs of batteries to 2030
• Figure 11. Lithium Cell Design
• Figure 12. Functioning of a lithium-ion battery
• Figure 13. Li-ion battery cell pack
• Figure 14. Li-ion electric vehicle (EV) battery
• Figure 15. SWOT analysis: Li-ion batteries
• Figure 16. Silicon anode value chain
• Figure 17. Silicon anode value chain
• Figure 18. BEV anode market 2020-2035 (GWh)
• Figure 19. BEV anode market 2020-2035 (KT)
• Figure 20. BEV anode market 2020-2035 (Billions USD)
• Figure 21. EV Anode market 2020-2035 (GWh)
• Figure 22. Consumer devices Anode market 2020-2035 (GWh)
• Figure 23. Consumer devices Anode market 2020-2035 (KT)
• Figure 24. Anode material consumption by type (tonnes)
• Figure 25. Anode material consumption by end user market (tonnes)
• Figure 26. Li-cobalt structure
• Figure 27. Li-manganese structure
• Figure 28. Typical direct, pyrometallurgical, and hydrometallurgical recycling methods for recovery of Li-ion battery active materials
• Figure 29. Flow chart of recycling processes of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs)
• Figure 30. Hydrometallurgical recycling flow sheet
• Figure 31. SWOT analysis for Hydrometallurgy Li-ion Battery Recycling
• Figure 32. Umicore recycling flow diagram
• Figure 33. SWOT analysis for Pyrometallurgy Li-ion Battery Recycling
• Figure 34. Schematic of direct recyling process
• Figure 35. SWOT analysis for Direct Li-ion Battery Recycling
• Figure 36. Global revenues for Li-ion batteries, 2018-2035, by market (Billions USD)
• Figure 37. Schematic diagram of a Li-metal battery
• Figure 38. SWOT analysis: Lithium-metal batteries
• Figure 39. Schematic diagram of Lithium-sulfur battery
• Figure 40. SWOT analysis: Lithium-sulfur batteries
• Figure 41. Global revenues for Lithium-sulfur, 2018-2035, by market (Billions USD)
• Figure 42. Global revenues for Lithium titanate and niobate batteries, 2018-2035, by market (Billions USD)
• Figure 43. Schematic of Prussian blue analogues (PBA)
• Figure 44. Comparison of SEM micrographs of sphere-shaped natural graphite (NG; after several processing steps) and synthetic graphite (SG)
• Figure 45. Overview of graphite production, processing and applications
• Figure 46. Schematic diagram of a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)
• Figure 47. Schematic diagram of a Na-ion battery
• Figure 48. SWOT analysis: Sodium-ion batteries
• Figure 49. Global revenues for sodium-ion batteries, 2018-2035, by market (Billions USD)
• Figure 50. Schematic of a Na-S battery
• Figure 51. SWOT analysis: Sodium-sulfur batteries
• Figure 52. Saturnose battery chemistry
• Figure 53. SWOT analysis: Aluminium-ion batteries
• Figure 54. Global revenues for aluminium-ion batteries, 2018-2035, by market (Billions USD)
• Figure 55. Schematic illustration of all-solid-state lithium battery
• Figure 56. ULTRALIFE thin film battery
• Figure 57. Examples of applications of thin film batteries
• Figure 58. Capacities and voltage windows of various cathode and anode materials
• Figure 59. Traditional lithium-ion battery (left), solid state battery (right)
• Figure 60. Bulk type compared to thin film type SSB
• Figure 61. SWOT analysis: All-solid state batteries
• Figure 62. Global revenues for All-Solid State Batteries, 2018-2035, by market (Billions USD)
• Figure 63. Ragone plots of diverse batteries and the commonly used electronics powered by flexible batteries
• Figure 64. Flexible, rechargeable battery
• Figure 65. Various architectures for flexible and stretchable electrochemical energy storage
• Figure 66. Types of flexible batteries
• Figure 67. Flexible label and printed paper battery
• Figure 68. Materials and design structures in flexible lithium ion batteries
• Figure 69. Flexible/stretchable LIBs with different structures
• Figure 70. Schematic of the structure of stretchable LIBs
• Figure 71. Electrochemical performance of materials in flexible LIBs
• Figure 72. a-c) Schematic illustration of coaxial (a), twisted (b), and stretchable (c) LIBs
• Figure 73. a) Schematic illustration of the fabrication of the superstretchy LIB based on an MWCNT/LMO composite fiber and an MWCNT/LTO composite fiber. b,c) Photograph (b) and the schematic illustration (c) of a stretchable fiber-shaped battery under stretching conditions. d) Schematic illustration of the spring-like stretchable LIB. e) SEM images of a fiberat different strains. f) Evolution of specific capacitance with strain. d-f)
• Figure 74. Origami disposable battery
• Figure 75. Zn-MnO2 batteries produced by Brightvolt
• Figure 76. Charge storage mechanism of alkaline Zn-based batteries and zinc-ion batteries
• Figure 77. Zn-MnO2 batteries produced by Blue Spark
• Figure 78. Ag-Zn batteries produced by Imprint Energy
• Figure 79. Wearable self-powered devices
• Figure 80. SWOT analysis: Flexible batteries
• Figure 81. Global revenues for flexible batteries, 2018-2035, by market (Billions USD)
• Figure 82. Transparent batteries
• Figure 83. SWOT analysis: Transparent batteries
• Figure 84. Degradable batteries
• Figure 85. SWOT analysis: Degradable batteries
• Figure 86. Various applications of printed paper batteries
• Figure 87.Schematic representation of the main components of a battery
• Figure 88. Schematic of a printed battery in a sandwich cell architecture, where the anode and cathode of the battery are stacked together
• Figure 89. Manufacturing Processes for Conventional Batteries (I), 3D Microbatteries (II), and 3D-Printed Batteries (III)
• Figure 90. SWOT analysis: Printed batteries
• Figure 91. Global revenues for printed batteries, 2018-2035, by market (Billions USD)
• Figure 92. Scheme of a redox flow battery
• Figure 93. Vanadium Redox Flow Battery schematic
• Figure 94. SWOT analysis: Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB)
• Figure 95. Schematic of zinc bromine flow battery energy storage system
• Figure 96. SWOT analysis: Zinc-Bromine Flow Batteries (ZnBr)
• Figure 97. SWOT analysis: Iron-chromium (ICB) flow batteries
• Figure 98. SWOT analysis: Iron-chromium (ICB) flow batteries
• Figure 99. Schematic of All-Iron Redox Flow Batteries
• Figure 100. SWOT analysis: All-iron Flow Batteries
• Figure 101. SWOT analysis: Zinc-iron (Zn-Fe) flow batteries
• Figure 102. Schematic of Hydrogen-bromine flow battery
• Figure 103. SWOT analysis: Hydrogen-bromine (H-Br) flow batteries
• Figure 104. SWOT analysis: Hydrogen-Manganese (H-Mn) flow batteries
• Figure 105. SWOT analysis: Organic redox flow batteries (ORFBs) batteries
• Figure 106. Schematic of zinc-polyiodide redox flow battery (ZIB)
• Figure 107. Redox flow batteries applications roadmap
• Figure 108. Global revenues for redox flow batteries, 2018-2035, by type (millions USD)
• Figure 109. Global revenues for flow batteries, 2018-2035, by end-use market (millions USD)
• Figure 110. 24M battery
• Figure 111. AC biode prototype
• Figure 112. Schematic diagram of liquid metal battery operation
• Figure 113. Ampcera's all-ceramic dense solid-state electrolyte separator sheets (25 um thickness, 50mm x 100mm size, flexible and defect free, room temperature ionic conductivity ~1 mA/cm)
• Figure 114. Amprius battery products
• Figure 115. All-polymer battery schematic
• Figure 116. All Polymer Battery Module
• Figure 117. Resin current collector
• Figure 118. Ateios thin-film, printed battery
• Figure 119. The structure of aluminum-sulfur battery from Avanti Battery
• Figure 120. Containerized NAS-R batteries
• Figure 121. 3D printed lithium-ion battery
• Figure 122. Blue Solution module
• Figure 123. TempTraq wearable patch
• Figure 124. Schematic of a fluidized bed reactor which is able to scale up the generation of SWNTs using the CoMoCAT process
• Figure 125. Cymbet EnerChip(TM)
• Figure 126. Rongke Power 400 MWh VRFB
• Figure 127. E-magy nano sponge structure
• Figure 128. Enerpoly zinc-ion battery
• Figure 129. SoftBattery-R
• Figure 130. ASSB All-Solid-State Battery by EGI 300 Wh/kg
• Figure 131. Roll-to-roll equipment working with ultrathin steel substrate
• Figure 132. 40 Ah battery cell
• Figure 133. FDK Corp battery
• Figure 134. 2D paper batteries
• Figure 135. 3D Custom Format paper batteries
• Figure 136. Fuji carbon nanotube products
• Figure 137. Gelion Endure battery
• Figure 138. Portable desalination plant
• Figure 139. Grepow flexible battery
• Figure 140. HPB solid-state battery
• Figure 141. HiNa Battery pack for EV
• Figure 142. JAC demo EV powered by a HiNa Na-ion battery
• Figure 143. Nanofiber Nonwoven Fabrics from Hirose
• Figure 144. Hitachi Zosen solid-state battery
• Figure 145. Ilika solid-state batteries
• Figure 146. ZincPoly(TM) technology
• Figure 147. TAeTTOOz printable battery materials
• Figure 148. Ionic Materials battery cell
• Figure 149. Schematic of Ion Storage Systems solid-state battery structure
• Figure 150. ITEN micro batteries
• Figure 151. Kite Rise's A-sample sodium-ion battery module
• Figure 152. LiBEST flexible battery
• Figure 153. Li-FUN sodium-ion battery cells
• Figure 154. LiNa Energy battery
• Figure 155. 3D solid-state thin-film battery technology
• Figure 156. Lyten batteries
• Figure 157. Cellulomix production process
• Figure 158. Nanobase versus conventional products
• Figure 159. Nanotech Energy battery
• Figure 160. Hybrid battery powered electrical motorbike concept
• Figure 161. NBD battery
• Figure 162. Schematic illustration of three-chamber system for SWCNH production
• Figure 163. TEM images of carbon nanobrush
• Figure 164. EnerCerachip
• Figure 165. Cambrian battery
• Figure 166. Printed battery
• Figure 167. Prieto Foam-Based 3D Battery
• Figure 168. Printed Energy flexible battery
• Figure 169. ProLogium solid-state battery
• Figure 170. QingTao solid-state batteries
• Figure 171. Schematic of the quinone flow battery
• Figure 172. Sakuu Corporation 3Ah Lithium Metal Solid-state Battery
• Figure 173. Salgenx S3000 seawater flow battery
• Figure 174. Samsung SDI's sixth-generation prismatic batteries
• Figure 175. SES Apollo batteries
• Figure 176. Sionic Energy battery cell
• Figure 177. Solid Power battery pouch cell
• Figure 178. Stora Enso lignin battery materials
• Figure 179.TeraWatt Technology solid-state battery
• Figure 180. Zeta Energy 20 Ah cell
• Figure 181. Zoolnasm batteries