The Global Market for Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Utilization 2024-2045

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. ABBREVIATIONS

2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• 3.1. Main sources of carbon dioxide emissions
• 3.2. CO2 as a commodity
• 3.3. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) as a renewable carbon feedstock
  • 3.3.1. Chemicals
  • 3.3.2. Fuels
  • 3.3.3. Polymers
  • 3.3.4. Construction materials
  • 3.3.5. Food and feed
  • 3.3.6. Consumer products
• 3.4. Meeting climate targets
• 3.5. Market drivers and trends
• 3.6. The current market and future outlook
• 3.7. Industry developments 2020-2024
• 3.8. Investments and funding
  • 3.8.1. Venture Capital Funding
    • 3.8.1.1. 2010-2023
    • 3.8.1.2. Carbon utilization VC deals 2022-2024
• 3.9. Government CCUS initiatives
  • 3.9.1. North America
  • 3.9.2. Europe
  • 3.9.3. China
• 3.10. Market map
• 3.11. Commercial CCUS facilities and projects
  • 3.11.1. Facilities
    • 3.11.1.1. Operational
    • 3.11.1.2. Under development/construction
• 3.12. CCUS Value Chain
• 3.13. Carbon credits
• 3.14. CO2 utilization forecast
  • 3.14.1. By market
  • 3.14.2. By revenues

4. CARBON UTILIZATION

• 4.1. Overview
  • 4.1.1. Current market status
  • 4.1.2. Production capacities
  • 4.1.3. Benefits of carbon utilization
  • 4.1.4. Market challenges
• 4.2. Co2 utilization pathways

5. TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES

• 5.1. Thermochemical
  • 5.1.1. Process overview
  • 5.1.2. Plasma-assisted CO2 conversion
• 5.2. Electrochemical conversion of CO2
  • 5.2.1. Process overview
• 5.3. Photocatalytic and photothermal catalytic conversion of CO2
• 5.4. Catalytic conversion of CO2
• 5.5. Biological conversion of CO2
• 5.6. Copolymerization of CO2
• 5.7. Mineral carbonation

6. CO2-DERIVED PRODUCTS

• 6.1. Fuels
  • 6.1.1. Overview
  • 6.1.2. Production routes
    • 6.1.2.1. Electrolyzers
    • 6.1.2.2. Low-carbon hydrogen
  • 6.1.3. Products & applications
    • 6.1.3.1. Vehicles
    • 6.1.3.2. Shipping
    • 6.1.3.3. Aviation
    • 6.1.3.4. Costs
    • 6.1.3.5. Ethanol
    • 6.1.3.6. Methanol
    • 6.1.3.7. Sustainable Aviation Fuel
    • 6.1.3.8. Methane
    • 6.1.3.9. Algae based biofuels
    • 6.1.3.10. CO2-fuels from solar
  • 6.1.4. Challenges
  • 6.1.5. SWOT analysis
  • 6.1.6. Companies
• 6.2. Chemicals, Plastics & Polymers
  • 6.2.1. Overview
  • 6.2.2. Scalability
  • 6.2.3. Products
    • 6.2.3.1. Feedstocks
    • 6.2.3.2. Pathways
    • 6.2.3.3. Conversion into energy-rich intermediates
      • 6.2.3.3.1. Electrochemical technologies
      • 6.2.3.3.2. Costs
      • 6.2.3.3.3. Hydrogen (H2) and electrochemical CO2 utilization coupling
      • 6.2.3.3.4. Products from CO2 reduction
      • 6.2.3.3.5. Microbial conversion
      • 6.2.3.3.6. Plasma technology
      • 6.2.3.3.7. Aromatic hydrocarbons
      • 6.2.3.3.8. Photocatalytic reduction
    • 6.2.3.4. Urea production
    • 6.2.3.5. CO2-derived polymers
      • 6.2.3.5.1. Polycarbonate (PC)
        • 6.2.3.5.1.1. Aliphatic polycarbonate
        • 6.2.3.5.1.2. Polycarbonate polyols
      • 6.2.3.5.2. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)
      • 6.2.3.5.3. Polyurethanes
      • 6.2.3.5.4. Polycyclic aromatics
      • 6.2.3.5.5. Nylon
      • 6.2.3.5.6. Polyethylene
      • 6.2.3.5.7. Polypropylene
    • 6.2.3.6. Inert gas in semiconductor manufacturing
    • 6.2.3.7. Advanced carbon materials
      • 6.2.3.7.1. Carbon Nanotubes
      • 6.2.3.7.2. Graphene
      • 6.2.3.7.3. Carbon Black
      • 6.2.3.7.4. 3D-Printed Carbons
  • 6.2.4. SWOT analysis
  • 6.2.5. Companies
• 6.3. Construction materials
  • 6.3.1. Overview
  • 6.3.2. Market structure
  • 6.3.3. CCUS technologies in the cement industry
  • 6.3.4. Products
    • 6.3.4.1. Carbonated aggregates
    • 6.3.4.2. Additives during mixing
    • 6.3.4.3. Carbonates from natural minerals
    • 6.3.4.4. Carbonates from waste
  • 6.3.5. Concrete curing
  • 6.3.6. Costs
  • 6.3.7. Challenges
  • 6.3.8. SWOT analysis
  • 6.3.9. Companies
• 6.4. CO2 Utilization in Biological Yield-Boosting
  • 6.4.1. Overview
  • 6.4.2. Products & applications
    • 6.4.2.1. Greenhouses
    • 6.4.2.2. Algae cultivation
      • 6.4.2.2.1. Markets
    • 6.4.2.3. Microbial conversion
      • 6.4.2.3.1. Food and feed production
      • 6.4.2.3.2. Proteins
  • 6.4.3. Challenges
  • 6.4.4. SWOT analysis
  • 6.4.5. Companies
• 6.5. CO2 Utilization in Enhanced Oil Recovery
  • 6.5.1. Overview
    • 6.5.1.1. Process
    • 6.5.1.2. CO2 sources
  • 6.5.2. CO2-EOR facilities and projects
  • 6.5.3. Challenges
  • 6.5.4. SWOT analysis
  • 6.5.5. Companies
• 6.6. Enhanced mineralization
  • 6.6.1. Advantages
  • 6.6.2. In situ and ex-situ mineralization
  • 6.6.3. Enhanced mineralization pathways
  • 6.6.4. Challenges

7. COMPANY PROFILES

• 7.1. Aether Diamonds
• 7.2. Aircela Inc
• 7.3. Air Company
• 7.4. Air Protein
• 7.5. Algal Bio Co., Ltd
• 7.6. Algenol
• 7.7. Arborea
• 7.8. Arkeon Biotechnologies
• 7.9. Asahi Kasei
• 7.10. Avantium N.V
• 7.11. Azolla
• 7.12. Blue Planet Systems Corporation
• 7.13. BluSky, Inc
• 7.14. Brilliant Planet Systems
• 7.15. C4X Technologies Inc
• 7.16. C2CNT LLC
• 7.17. Cambridge Carbon Capture Ltd
• 7.18. CarbiCrete
• 7.19. Carboclave
• 7.20. Carbo Culture
• 7.21. Carbon Corp
• 7.22. Carbonaide Oy
• 7.23. Carbonova
• 7.24. Carbon8 Systems
• 7.25. Carbon Blue
• 7.26. CarbonBuilt
• 7.27. CarbonCure Technologies Inc
• 7.28. CarbonFree
• 7.29. Carbon Limit
• 7.30. Carbon Recycling International
• 7.31. Carbon Sink LLC
• 7.32. Carbon Upcycling Technologies
• 7.33. Celanese Corporation
• 7.34. CERT Systems, Inc
• 7.35. Chiyoda Corporation
• 7.36. CleanO2
• 7.37. CO2 Gro, Inc
• 7.38. Concrete4Change
• 7.39. Coval Energy B.V
• 7.40. Covestro AG
• 7.41. Deep Branch Biotechnology
• 7.42. Dimensional Energy
• 7.43. ecoLocked GmbH
• 7.44. Electrochaea GmbH
• 7.45. Empower Materials, Inc
• 7.46. enaDyne GmbH
• 7.47. Fairbrics
• 7.48. Fortera Corporation
• 7.49. Greenore Cleantech
• 7.50. HYCO1, Inc
• 7.51. 1point8
• 7.52. LanzaJet
• 7.53. Lanzatech
• 7.54. Liquid Wind AB
• 7.55. Low Carbon Korea
• 7.56. Low Carbon Materials
• 7.57. Made of Air GmbH
• 7.58. Mars Materials
• 7.59. MCi Carbon
• 7.60. Mineral Carbonation International (MCi) Carbon
• 7.61. Neustark AG
• 7.62. Newlight Technologies LLC
• 7.63. Novo Nutrients
• 7.64. Oakbio
• 7.65. Obrist Group
• 7.66. O.C.O
• 7.67. OxEon Energy, LLC
• 7.68. Oxylum
• 7.69. Paebbl AB
• 7.70. Phytonix Corporation
• 7.71. Prometheus Fuels, Inc
• 7.72. Prometheus Materials
• 7.73. Seratech
• 7.74. SkyNano Technologies
• 7.75. Solar Foods Oy
• 7.76. Solidia Technologies
• 7.77. Synhelion
• 7.78. Syzygy Plasmonics, Inc
• 7.79. Tandem Technical
• 7.80. Twelve
• 7.81. UP Catalyst
• 7.82. ViridiCO2

8. REFERENCES

List of Tables

• Table 1. Key emerging application areas and opportunities for CO2 utilization
• Table 2. CO2 transformation and utilization market drivers and trends
• Table 3. Carbon utilization industry developments 2020-2024
• Table 4. Carbon utilization VC deals 2022-2024
• Table 5. Demonstration and commercial CCUS facilities in China
• Table 6. Global commercial CCUS facilities-in operation
• Table 7. Global commercial CCUS facilities-under development/construction
• Table 8. CO2 utilization forecast by market (million metric tonnes), 2022-2045
• Table 9. CO2 utilization forecast by market (billion USD), 2022-2045
• Table 10. Carbon utilization revenue forecast by product (US$)
• Table 11. Production capacities for CO2 based products
• Table 12. CO2 utilization and removal pathways
• Table 13. Market challenges for CO2 utilization
• Table 14. Example CO2 utilization pathways
• Table 15. CO2 derived products via Thermochemical conversion-applications, advantages and disadvantages
• Table 16. CO2 derived products via electrochemical conversion-applications, advantages and disadvantages
• Table 17. CO2 derived products via biological conversion-applications, advantages and disadvantages
• Table 18. Companies developing and producing CO2-based polymers
• Table 19. Companies developing mineral carbonation technologies
• Table 20. Market overview for CO2 derived fuels
• Table 21. Main production routes and processes for manufacturing fuels from captured carbon dioxide
• Table 22. CO2-derived fuels projects
• Table 23. Thermochemical methods to produce methanol from CO2
• Table 24. pilot plants for CO2-to-methanol conversion
• Table 25. Microalgae products and prices
• Table 26. Main Solar-Driven CO2 Conversion Approaches
• Table 27. Market challenges for CO2 derived fuels
• Table 28. Companies in CO2-derived fuel products
• Table 29. Commodity chemicals and fuels manufactured from CO2
• Table 30. Market potential for CO2-derived chemicals
• Table 31. Feedstocks for producing CO2-derived chemicals
• Table 32. Common pathways and products associated with the utilization of carbon dioxide (CO2) in chemical processes
• Table 33. Methods for converting CO2 into CO or syngas for chemical intermediate
• Table 34. Costs of CO2 electrochemical technologies
• Table 35. Key CO2-consuming microorganisms that can be used for chemical production
• Table 36. Key companies focused on microbial conversion of CO2 into chemicals and products
• Table 37. Conversion pathways for CO2-derived polymeric materials
• Table 38. Companies in CO2-derived chemicals products
• Table 39. Conversion pathway for CO2-derived building materials
• Table 40. Carbon capture technologies and projects in the cement sector
• Table 41. Carbonation of recycled concrete companies
• Table 42. Current and projected costs for some key CO2 utilization applications in the construction industry
• Table 43. Market challenges for CO2 utilization in construction materials
• Table 44. Companies in CO2 derived building materials
• Table 45. CO2 utilization in biological processes
• Table 46. Markets and applications for CO2-enhanced algae cultivation products
• Table 47. Market challenges CO2 utilization in biological yield boosting
• Table 48. Companies in CO2 Utilization in Biological Yield-Boosting
• Table 49. Applications of CCS in oil and gas production
• Table 50. CO2-EOR designs
• Table 51. Challenges for CO2 utilization in enhanced oil recovery (EOR)
• Table 52. CO2-EOR companies

List of Figures

• Figure 1. Carbon emissions by sector
• Figure 2. Overview of CCUS market
• Figure 3. Pathways for CO2 use
• Figure 4. Regional capacity share 2022-2033
• Figure 5. Global investment in carbon capture 2010-2023, millions USD
• Figure 6. Carbon Capture, Utilization, & Storage (CCUS) Market Map
• Figure 7. CCS deployment projects, historical and to 2035
• Figure 8. Existing and planned CCS projects
• Figure 9. CCUS Value Chain
• Figure 10. CO2 utilization forecast by market (million metric tonnes), 2022-2045
• Figure 11. CO2 utilization forecast by market (billion USD), 2022-2045
• Figure 12. Carbon dioxide utilization and removal cycle
• Figure 13. CO2 non-conversion and conversion technology, advantages and disadvantages
• Figure 14. Applications for CO2
• Figure 15. Cost to capture one metric ton of carbon, by sector
• Figure 16. Life cycle of CO2-derived products and services
• Figure 17. Co2 utilization pathways and products
• Figure 18. Plasma technology configurations and their advantages and disadvantages for CO2 conversion
• Figure 19. Electrochemical CO2 reduction products
• Figure 20. LanzaTech gas-fermentation process
• Figure 21. Schematic of biological CO2 conversion into e-fuels
• Figure 22. Econic catalyst systems
• Figure 23. Mineral carbonation processes
• Figure 24. Conversion route for CO2-derived fuels and chemical intermediates
• Figure 25. Conversion pathways for CO2-derived methane, methanol and diesel
• Figure 26. CO2 feedstock for the production of e-methanol
• Figure 27. Schematic illustration of (a) biophotosynthetic, (b) photothermal, (c) microbial-photoelectrochemical, (d) photosynthetic and photocatalytic (PS/PC), (e) photoelectrochemical (PEC), and (f) photovoltaic plus electrochemical (PV+EC) approaches for CO2
• Figure 28. SWOT analysis: CO2 utilization in fuels
• Figure 29. Audi synthetic fuels
• Figure 30. Conversion of CO2 into chemicals and fuels via different pathways
• Figure 31. SWOT analysis: CO2 utilization in chemicals, plastics & polymers
• Figure 32. Schematic of CCUS in cement sector
• Figure 33. Carbon8 Systems' ACT process
• Figure 34. CO2 utilization in the Carbon Cure process
• Figure 35. SWOT analysis: CO2 utilization in construction materials
• Figure 36. Algal cultivation in the desert
• Figure 37. Example pathways for products from cyanobacteria
• Figure 38. SWOT analysis: CO2 Utilization in Biological Yield-Boosting
• Figure 39. Typical Flow Diagram for CO2 EOR
• Figure 40. Large CO2-EOR projects in different project stages by industry
• Figure 41. SWOT analysis: CO2 Utilization in EOR
• Figure 42. Carbon mineralization pathways
• Figure 43. CarbonCure Technology
• Figure 44. CRI process
• Figure 45. Colyser process
• Figure 46. Made of Air's HexChar panels
• Figure 47. Neustark modular plant
• Figure 48. O12 Reactor
• Figure 49. Sunglasses with lenses made from CO2-derived materials
• Figure 50. CO2 made car part