Global Polio Vaccine Market - 2025-2033

The global polio vaccine market reached US$ 804.77 million in 2024 and is expected to reach US$ 1,249.17 million by 2033, growing at a CAGR of 5.6 % during the forecast period 2025-2033.

The global polio vaccines market encompasses the production, distribution, and administration of vaccines aimed at preventing poliomyelitis, a viral disease caused by the poliovirus. This market includes two main types of vaccines the oral polio vaccine (OPV) and the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). Each vaccine has distinct characteristics, administration methods, and implications for public health.

OPV is administered orally in the form of liquid drops, making it easy to distribute and suitable for mass immunization campaigns. It contains live attenuated strains of the poliovirus. This means that while the virus is weakened enough not to cause disease in healthy individuals, it can still replicate in the intestines.

IPV is administered via injection (intramuscular or subcutaneous), requiring trained healthcare professionals for administration. IPV contains killed (inactivated) poliovirus, meaning it cannot cause disease or replicate within the body. While IPV provides individual protection against polio by inducing humoral immunity (antibodies in the bloodstream), it does not provide community-level immunity since recipients do not shed the virus.

Both OPV and IPV play critical roles in polio vaccination strategies worldwide. The choice between using OPV or IPV often depends on factors such as local epidemiology, vaccination policies, cost considerations, and public health goals related to polio eradication. As global efforts continue to eliminate polio, understanding these vaccines' differences and applications is essential for effective immunization strategies. These factors have driven the global polio vaccine market expansion.

Market Dynamics: Drivers & Restraints

Government initiatives

Government initiatives are vital drivers in the global polio vaccines market, significantly shaping vaccination strategies and influencing public health outcomes. These initiatives are crucial for improving immunization coverage, ensuring vaccine accessibility, and advancing efforts toward the eradication of polio. Governments establish comprehensive immunization programs that incorporate polio vaccines into routine vaccination schedules. For instance, India's Universal Immunization Program (UIP) has been instrumental in achieving high vaccination coverage rates, contributing to the country's success in eradicating polio.

Government funding is essential for the procurement, distribution, and administration of vaccines. Many countries allocate substantial budgets to support polio vaccination campaigns, ensuring that vaccines reach all children, particularly in underserved areas. The Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) has received significant commitments from governments, which are critical for sustaining eradication efforts.

For instance, in December 2023, the novel oral polio vaccine type 2 (nOPV2) achieved a historic milestone by becoming the first vaccine to transition from use under the World Health Organization (WHO) Emergency Use Listing (EUL) to full licensure and WHO prequalification. This significant advancement underscores the effectiveness of nOPV2 in addressing public health challenges associated with poliovirus and marks a crucial step in the global effort to combat polio.

Also, in January 2024, the World Health Organization (WHO) granted prequalification to the novel oral polio vaccine type 2 (nOPV2), marking a significant achievement in the global effort to combat polio. This prequalification is particularly notable as it represents the first instance of a vaccine receiving this status while being utilized under the WHO's Emergency Use Listing (EUL). Moreover, the rising demand for focus on eradication initiatives contributes to the global polio vaccine market expansion.

Supply Chain Disruptions

The polio vaccine supply chain is vulnerable to disruptions primarily due to the reliance on a limited number of manufacturers for essential components, such as the Sabin strains used in oral polio vaccines. This dependence poses significant challenges in maintaining a consistent supply of vaccines, which is critical for ongoing immunization efforts aimed at eradicating polio.

The production of oral polio vaccines (OPV) is concentrated among a few manufacturers. Companies like Bio Farma (Indonesia), GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) (UK), and Sanofi Pasteur (France) are among the primary bulk producers of OPV. With such a small pool of suppliers, any disruptions in their production capabilities whether due to technical issues, regulatory hurdles, or natural disasters can lead to significant shortages in vaccine availability. Thus, the above factors could be limiting the global polio vaccine market's potential growth.

Segment Analysis

The global polio vaccine market is segmented based on product type, category, route of administration, age group, end-user, and region.

Product Type:

The inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) segment is expected to dominate the global polio vaccine market share

The inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) segment holds a major portion of the global polio vaccine market share and is expected to continue to hold a significant portion of the global polio vaccine market share during the forecast period. The inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) segment is a critical component of the global polio vaccines market, recognized for its safety and effectiveness in preventing poliomyelitis. IPV is an injectable vaccine that contains killed poliovirus, which eliminates the risk of vaccine-derived poliovirus associated with oral polio vaccines (OPV).

IPV consists of inactivated strains of the poliovirus and is administered via injection. This method stimulates an immune response by encouraging the production of antibodies without causing disease, making it a safe option, particularly in populations where polio remains a threat. Furthermore, key players' strategies such as partnerships & collaborations would drive this segment's growth in the global polio vaccine market.

For instance, in June 2024, Sanofi and Biovac announced an innovative partnership aimed at enhancing polio vaccine manufacturing capabilities in Africa. This collaboration is particularly significant as it marks the establishment of the first local production of inactivated polio vaccines (IPV) on the continent, which is expected to meet the needs of over 40 African countries. These factors have solidified the segment's position in the global polio vaccine market.

Geographical Analysis

North America is expected to hold a significant position in the global polio vaccine market share

North America holds a substantial position in the global polio vaccine market and is expected to hold most of the market share. The resurgence of infectious diseases in various regions has increased awareness of the need for vaccinations, including polio vaccines. Public health responses to outbreaks can lead to additional funding and resources allocated toward immunization campaigns.

Ongoing advancements in vaccine technology enhance the safety and efficacy of polio vaccines. Innovations such as the development of the novel oral polio vaccine type 2 (nOPV2) and improvements in production methods contribute to more effective immunization strategies, boosting confidence among healthcare providers and the public. Growing awareness about the importance of vaccination among the public is driving demand for polio vaccines. Educational campaigns aimed at informing communities about the risks associated with polio and the benefits of vaccination have led to increased participation in immunization programs.

Government initiatives play a vital role in promoting polio vaccination. In North America, comprehensive immunization programs are established, supported by public health policies that require vaccinations for school entry and other public health mandates. These programs ensure broad access to polio vaccines, resulting in high vaccination coverage rates.

For instance, in January 2024, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) launched the Make Polio History campaign to garner support for global polio eradication efforts. This initiative is particularly noteworthy as it features the novel oral polio vaccine type 2 (nOPV2), developed specifically in response to outbreaks of poliovirus type 2 in the U.S. Thus, the above factors are consolidating the region's position as a dominant force in the global polio vaccine market.

Asia Pacific is growing at the fastest pace in the global polio vaccine market share

Asia Pacific holds the fastest pace in the global polio vaccine market and is expected to hold most of the market share. The growing population in Asia-Pacific countries leads to an increased number of births, which directly correlates with a higher demand for polio vaccinations. As more children are born, there is an urgent need to ensure they receive timely vaccinations against polio.

Governments across the Asia-Pacific region have established comprehensive immunization programs aimed at eradicating polio. Initiatives such as the Polio Eradication Strategy 2022-2026 by the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) reflect a strong commitment to public health. These programs facilitate widespread access to vaccines and integrate polio vaccination into routine immunization schedules.

There is an increasing awareness of the importance of vaccination among the public, which is driving demand for polio vaccines. Educational campaigns conducted by governments and non-governmental organizations inform communities about the risks associated with polio and the benefits of vaccination, resulting in higher participation rates in immunization programs. Continuous improvements in vaccine technology enhance the safety and efficacy of polio vaccines. Innovations such as the development of the novel oral polio vaccine type 2 (nOPV2) contribute to more effective immunization strategies, increasing confidence among healthcare providers and the public.

Furthermore, key players' strategies such as partnerships & collaborations, and innovative launches would drive this global polio vaccine market growth. For instance, in April 2024, Bharat Biotech announced a collaboration with Bilthoven Biologicals B.V. (BBio), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Serum Institute of India Private Limited based in the Netherlands. This partnership aims to enhance the production and supply security of Oral Polio Vaccines (OPV).

Also, in April 2024, Sanofi obtained approval for its new inactivated polio vaccine, IMOVAX-Polio, which is set to replace its previous product, ShanIPV, in India. This decision comes in response to concerns about a potential shortage of polio vaccines following Sanofi's announcement to discontinue ShanIPV due to operational challenges at its manufacturing facilities. Thus, the above factors are consolidating the region's position as the fastest-growing force in the global polio vaccine market.

Competitive Landscape

The major global players in the polio vaccine market include Sanofi, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Bharat Biotech., GSK plc, Merck & Co., Inc., PT Bio Farma (Persero), Panacea Biotec, HAFFKINE BIO-PHARMACEUTICAL CORPORATION LTD., SINOVAC, and Bavarian Nordic.

Key Developments

• In January 2025, Union Health Secretary Apurva Chandra visited Bilthoven Biologicals, a leading pharmaceutical company in the Netherlands. During this visit, he engaged in a productive meeting with CEO Juergen Kwik. The primary focus of their discussions was to explore potential partnerships and collaborations aimed at enhancing the production of vaccines, particularly the Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV).
• In November 2024, Sudan launched a new polio vaccination campaign aimed at safeguarding children under the age of five from poliovirus. This initiative is a direct response to the ongoing challenges posed by recent outbreaks of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) detected in the country. All these factors demand the global polio vaccine market.
• In April 2024, Sinovac Biotech Ltd. announced that its Poliomyelitis Vaccine (Vero Cell), Inactivated, Sabin Strains (Five-Dose), known as msIPV, received authorization for market use from the China National Medical Products Administration (NMPA). This approval represents a significant advancement in the fight against polio, particularly in enhancing vaccination efforts within China and potentially extending its impact to other regions.

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The global polio vaccine market report delivers a detailed analysis with 60+ key tables, more than 50 visually impactful figures, and 176 pages of expert insights, providing a complete view of the market landscape.

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