Global CAR-T Cell Therapy Market - Market Size, Forecasts, Trials & Trends, 2025

Description

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

CAR-T cell therapy is a remarkably promising treatment for cancer patients. It is a type of immunotherapy where doctors collect immune cells, modify them in a laboratory, and provide them the power to identify and kill cancer cells. When infused into a patient, the cells get multiplied and stay in the body as "living drugs."

The backbone of CAR-T therapy is T-cells, which are essential to the immune system's ability to direct immune responses and eliminate cells infected by pathogens. For CAR-T therapy, blood is drawn from the patient, and T-cells are isolated. These cells are then genetically engineered in the laboratory using a modified virus, which enables the T-cells to produce chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) on their surface. Once reintroduced into the patient's body, these CARs allow the T-cells to recognize and bind to specific antigens on cancer cells, leading to their destruction.

From 2017 to today, 11 CAR-T products have reached commercialization. Of these, seven are U.S. FDA-approved CAR-T cell therapies, each of which have received approvals in other major healthcare markets as well.

The seven U.S. FDA approved products include:

Kymriah - Developed by Novartis in collaboration with the University of Pennsylvania. Marketed by Novartis.
Yescarta - Developed by Kite Pharma, a subsidiary of Gilead Sciences. Marketed by Gilead Sciences.
Tecartus - Developed by Kite Pharma, a subsidiary of Gilead Sciences. Marketed by Gilead Sciences.
Breyanzi - Developed by Juno Therapeutics (a Celgene company), which was acquired by Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS). Marketed by BMS.
Abecma - Developed by bluebird bio in partnership with Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS). Marketed by BMS in collaboration with bluebird bio.
Carvykti - Developed by Legend Biotech in partnership with Janssen Biotech, a subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson. Marketed by Janssen Biotech and Legend Biotech.
Aucatzyl - Developed and marketed by Autolus Therapeutics.

Additionally, two CAR-T therapies have been approved by the Chinese National Medical Products Administration (NMPA): Relma-cel and Yuanruida. Two CAR-T therapies have also been approved by the Indian Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO): NexCAR19 and Qartemi.

These approvals highlight the rapid growth of the CAR-T market, which is having a significant impact on the biotech industry. Mergers and acquisitions have been particularly active, with Celgene acquiring Juno Therapeutics for $9 billion in 2018, and Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS) purchasing Celgene for $74 billion by 2019. Gilead's $11.9 billion acquisition of Kite Pharma also made headlines.

The billion-dollar CAR-T cell therapy market owes much of its success to the early therapies' impressive effectiveness in treating blood cancers. However, the next major challenge for CAR-T therapies will be expanding their use to treat solid tumors. Currently, all nine marketed CAR-T products, along with nearly 75% of ongoing clinical trials, utilize an autologous approach (using the patient's own cells). Developing allogeneic CAR-T therapies-using donor cells-will open up critical market opportunities.

Another hurdle for CAR-T therapies is the "vein-to-vein" time-the time between apheresis (the process of collecting the T-cells) and the delivery of the final product. This process can be lengthy, so CAR-T therapies are typically recommended for end-stage patients who have exhausted other treatment options. Additionally, reimbursement remains a significant challenge in the U.S. and Europe.

The industry is working to overcome these challenges. Several CAR-T companies are using advanced gene-transfer techniques to introduce CARs into T-cells more efficiently. Partnerships are also emerging to develop CRISPR and electroporation technologies to enhance T-cell modification. Additionally, some companies are incorporating "on-off" switches in CAR-T cells to prevent toxicity. Despite progress, achieving success with solid tumors has proven difficult, with clinical trials so far showing low response rates. The focus now is on identifying effective antigens specific to solid tumors.

This report provides detailed analysis of the current state of CAR-T cell therapies and the broader CAR-T industry landscape. It highlights approved CAR-T therapies and late-stage clinical trials that could reach commercialization soon. CAR-T companies, ranging from small startups to billion-dollar giants, are now proliferating in all major healthcare markets worldwide.

Key questions answered in this report include:

What are the most targeted antigens for liquid and solid tumors?
What developments are anticipated in the CAR-T sector, and what commercial opportunities and patient outcomes will they create?
How many CAR-T-related patent publications and granted patents have been issued since 2012?
Which countries hold the largest number of CAR-T patents?
Which companies have filed the most CAR-T patents?
Who are the leading inventors in CAR-T patent filings?
How many CAR-T clinical trials have been registered over the past 20 years?
Which biomarker antigens are most prominent in the CAR-T clinical trial landscape?
What are the most common indications being addressed by CAR-T clinical trials in the U.S. and China?
Which companies are leading CAR-T clinical trials?
How many deals have been made within the CAR-T sector in recent years?
Which promising CAR-T candidates are likely to reach commercialization soon?
How are CAR-T therapies reimbursed in the U.S. and Europe?
How many automated manufacturing systems are currently available in the global market?
What is the current market size for CAR-T cell therapies by geography, product, and indication?
What are the future market forecasts for CAR-T cell therapies by geography, product, and indication?
What barriers, risks, and opportunities exist for growth in the global CAR-T industry?
Who are the major companies developing CAR-T cell therapies, what are their core technologies, and what products do they have in development?

This global strategic report reveals:

Global CAR-T Cell Therapy Market Size, segmented by Product, Geography, and Indication, with future market size forecasts through 2032
In-depth coverage of approved CAR-T products, including regulatory approvals, pricing, reimbursement, and market penetration
Analysis of clinical trial activity by type, geography, phase, and sponsor
Comprehensive CAR-T patent analysis, including top inventors, patent holders, patent types, geographies, and the most cited patents
Overview of CAR-T industry mergers and acquisitions, IPOs, and financing events
Examination of strategic partnerships, alliances, and co-commercialization agreements within the CAR-T sector
Market trends, future directions, and emerging opportunities
Profiles of leading CAR-T competitors in the global marketplace
And so much more

1. REPORT OVERVIEW

1.2. Statement of the Report
1.2. Executive Summary
1.3. Introduction

2. CAR-T CELL THERAPY: TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT

2.1. CAR-T Cell Therapy Overview
2.2. Evolution of CAR-T Development
- 2.2.1. The CAR-T Cell Therapy Technology Progression
  - 2.2.1.1. First Generation CARs
  - 2.2.1.2. The Second Generation CARs
  - 2.2.1.3. Third Generation CARs
  - 2.2.1.4. Fourth Generation CARs
  - 2.2.1.5. Fifth Generation CARs
  - 2.2.1.6. CAR Constructs in the FDA Approved CAR-T Cell Products
2.3. Antigens Present on Hematological Malignant Cells
2.4. Tools for Inserting Receptor Genes into T Cells
2.5. Transforming T Cells into CAR-T Cells
2.6. The 11 CAR-T Therapies Available in the Market: A Brief Overview
- 2.6.1. Kymriah (tisagenlecleucel)
  - 2.6.1.1. Indication
  - 2.6.1.2. Product Description & Mechanism of Action
  - 2.6.1.3. Manufacturing
  - 2.6.1.4. Dosage Composition
  - 2.6.1.5. Approval History
  - 2.6.1.6. Market
  - 2.6.1.7. Competition
- 2.6.2. Yescarta (axicabtagene ciloleucel)
  - 2.6.2.1. Indication
  - 2.6.2.2. Product Description & Mechanism of Action
  - 2.6.2.3. Manufacturing Process of Yescarta
  - 2.6.2.4. Dosage Composition
  - 2.6.2.5. Approval History
  - 2.6.2.7. Sales Revenues
  - 2.6.2.8. Competitors
- 2.6.3. Tecartus (brexucabtagene autoleucel)
  - 2.6.3.1. Indication
  - 2.6.3.2. Product Description & Mechanism of Action
  - 2.6.3.3. Tecartus Manufacturing Process
  - 2.6.3.4. Dosage Composition
  - 2.6.3.5. Approval History
  - 2.6.3.6. Sales Revenues
  - 2.6.3.7. Competitors
- 2.6.4. Carvykti (ciltacabtagene autoleucel)
  - 2.6.4.1. Indication
  - 2.6.4.2. Product Description & Mechanism of Action
  - 2.6.4.3. Manufacturing Process of Carvykti
  - 2.6.4.4. Dosage & Composition
  - 2.6.4.5. Approval History
  - 2.6.4.6. Sales Revenues
  - 2.6.4.7. Competition
- 2.6.5. Abecma (idecabtagene vicleucel)
  - 2.6.5.1. Indication
  - 2.6.5.2. Product Description and Mechanism of Action
  - 2.6.5.3. Manufacturing of Abecma
  - 2.6.5.4. Dosage & Composition
  - 2.6.5.5. Approval History
  - 2.6.5.6. Sales Revenues
  - 2.6.5.7. Competitors
- 2.6.6. Breyanzi (lisocabtagene maraleucel)
  - 2.6.6.1. Indication
  - 2.6.6.2. Product Description & Mechanism of Action
  - 2.6.6.3. Manufacturing
  - 2.6.6.4. Breyanzi Dosage & Composition
  - 2.6.6.5. Approval History
  - 2.6.6.6. Sales Revenues
- 2.6.7. Relma-cel (relmacabtagene autoleucel)
- 2.6.8. NexCAR19 (Actalycabtagene autoleucel)
- 2.6.9. Yuanruida (inaticabtagene autoleucel; CNCT19)
- 2.6.10. Qartemi (varnimcabtagene autoleucel)
  - 2.6.10.1. Indication & Dosage
  - 2.6.10.2. Product Description & Mechanism of Action
  - 2.6.10.3. Manufacturing
- 2.6.11. Aucatzyl (obecabtagene autoleucel)
  - 2.6.11.1. Product Description
  - 2.6.11.2. Indication & Dosage
  - 2.6.11.3. Mechanism of Action
  - 2.6.11.4. Manufacturing
  - 2.6.11.5. Competitor
2.7. Toxicities Associated with CAR-T Treatment

3. STRATEGIES FOR FUTURE CAR-T THERAPIES

3.1. Switchable CARs (sCARs)
3.2. Suicide Genes to Destroy CAR-T Cells in vivo
3.3. Transient Transfection
3.4. Affinity-Tuned CARs
3.5. Armored CARs
3.6. Shifts from Liquid Cancers to Solid Tumors
3.7. Focus on Shortening Hospital Stay
3.8. Focus on Discovering New Antigens
3.9. Shifting from Autologous to Allogeneic CAR-T Therapies
3.10. CAR-T for the Masses
3.11. New In Vivo CAR-T Approaches
3.12. Combination with mRNA Vaccine
3.13. Combination with Oncolytic Virus

4. MAJOR EVENTS DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF CAR-T, 1989-2024

4.1. CAR-T Development Timeline
4.2. Top Ten Milestones Crossed by CAR-T Therapy
- 4.2.1. First Pediatric Patient to Receive CAR-T Therapy
- 4.2.2. CAR-T Granted Breakthrough Therapy Designation
- 4.2.3. The Beginning of CAR-T Development to Combat Solid Cancers
- 4.2.4. First CRISPR CAR-T Built
- 4.2.5. The First Two CAR-T Approvals by FDA
- 4.2.6. The First Two CAR-T Approvals by EMA
- 4.2.7. Approval of Tecartus, Breyanzi and Abecma
- 4.2.8. NMPA Approval of Relma-cel (Carteyva)
- 4.2.9. Approval of Carvykti
- 4.2.10. Approval of NexCAR19 (actalycabtagene autoleucel)
- 4.2.11. Approval of Yuanruida (inaticabtagene autoleucel)
- 4.2.12. Approval of Qartemi (varnimcabtagene autoleucel)
- 4.2.13. Approval of Aucatzyl (obecabtagene autoleucel)
4.3. Current Status of CAR-T Therapy Products
4.4. The Upcoming CAR-T Stars
- 4.4.1. ALLO-501
- 4.4.2. CTX-110
- 4.4.3. UCART19
- 4.4.4. AUT01
- 4.4.5. JCARH125
- 4.4.6. PBCAR20A
- 4.4.7. UCART123
- 4.4.8. PRGN-3006
- 4.4.9. UCART22
- 4.4.10. UCARTCS1
4.5. Cancer Population Addressed by CAR-T Therapy
4.6. Advantages of CAR-T Cell Therapy
4.7. Disadvantages of CAR-T Cell Therapy

5. SCALABLE MANUFACTURING OF CAR-T CELLS

5.1. The Manufacturing Process of Clinical-Scale Autologous CAR-T Therapies
5.2. The Evolution of CAR-T Cell Manufacturing Platforms
- 5.2.1. Open vs. Closed Systems
- 5.2.2. Manual Processing vs. Automation
- 5.2.3. Autologous vs. Allogeneic CAR-T Manufacturing
- 5.2.4. Operating Expenses in Autologous CAR-T Manufacturing
- 5.2.5. Operating Expenses in Allogeneic CAR-T Manufacturing

6. CAR-T TARGET ANTIGENS

6.1. CAR-T Target Antigens in Hematological Cancers
6.2. CAR-T Target Antigens on Solid Tumors
6.3. Common Antigens Targeted by CAR-T Cells in Clinical Trials
- 6.3.1. Cluster Differentiation 19 (CD19)
- 6.3.2. Mesothelin
- 6.3.3. Beta Cell Maturation Agent (BCMA)
- 6.3.4. GD2
- 6.3.5. Glypican-3 (GPC3)
- 6.3.6. Cluster Differentiation-22 (CD22)

7. CAR-T PATENT LANDSCAPE

7.1. Geographical Distribution of CAR-T Patents
7.2. Top Ten Applicants of CAR-T Patents
7.3. Top Ten Inventors of CAR-T Patents
7.4. Top Ten Owners of CAR-T Patents
7.5. Legal Status of CAR-T Patents

8. CAR-T CLINICAL TRIAL LANDSCAPE

8.1. Most Addressed Indications in Clinical Trials
8.2. Current Focus of Ongoing Clinical Trials
8.3. Clinical Trial by Country
8.4. Phase of Studies
8.5. CAR-T Clinical Trials by Funding Type
8.6. Types of Hematological Malignancies Addressed in Clinical Trials
8.7. Simultaneous Targets by one CAR-T
8.8. CAR-T Generation Types used in Clinical Trials
8.9. CAR-T Clinical Trials Focusing on Solid Cancers
8.10. Distribution of CAR-T Trials by Type of SeFv Used
8.11. Distribution of CAR-T Trials by Type of Vectors Used
8.12. Geographical Distribution of CAR-T Studies in Solid Tumors
- 8.12.1. CAR-T Solid Tumor Clinical Trials by Phase of Study
- 8.12.2. Funding Types in CAR-T Solid Tumor Clinical Trials
- 8.12.3. Solid Tumor Types in Clinical Trials
8.13. CAR-T Targeted Biomarkers in Clinical Trials
- 8.13.1. CAR-T Targeted Indications in the U.S. Clinical Trials
- 8.13.2. Indications Addressed by CAR-T Clinical Trials in China
- 8.13.3. Liquid Cancers vs. Solid Cancers in CAR-T Clinical Trials
- 8.13.4. CAR-T Clinical Trial Sponsor Companies and Institutions in the U.S.
- 8.13.5. CAR-T Clinical Trial Sponsor Companies and Institutions in China
- 8.13.6. CAR-T Trial Sponsor Companies and Institutions in Other Countries
8.14. Improved CAR-T Constructs in Clinical Trials
- 8.14.1. CAR-T with PD1Fc
- 8.14.2. CAR-T with Truncated EFGR
- 8.14.3. CAR-T with IL7 and CCL 19
- 8.14.4. CAR-T with PD1/CD28 Switch Receptor
- 8.14.5. CAR-T with PD1 shRNA Expressing Cassette
- 8.14.6. CAR-T with CTLA-4/PD-1 Antibody
- 8.14.7. CAR-T with PD-1 Antibodies

9. PUBLISHED CAR-T SCIENTIFIC PAPERS IN PUBMED.GOV

9.1. PubMed.gov Papers on Autologous and Allogeneic CAR-T Therapies
9.2. PubMed.gov Papers on CAR-T for Liquid vs. Solid Cancers, 2013-March 2024
9.3. PubMed Papers on the Five Generation of CARs
9.4. NIH Funding for CAR-T Research

10. CAR-T FUNDING LANDSCAPE

10.1. Venture Capital Funding in CAR-T Sector, 2014to March 2024
- 10.1.1. Venture Capital Funding for CAR-T Companies by Year, 2014-March 2024
10.2. IPO Funding in Invested in CAR-T Companies, 2014-March 2024
10.3. CAR-T Licensing Deals
10.4. CAR-T Collaboration Deals
10.5. CAR-T Merger and Acquisition (M&A) Deals, 2015-March 2024
10.6. Overview of CAR-T Funding

11. COST OF CAR-T TREATMENT AND REIMBURSEMENT

11.1. New Payment Models
- 11.1.1. List Price of approved CAR-Ts
- 11.1.2. Component Cost in addition to Treatment Acquisition Cost
- 11.1.3. Adverse Event Costs (AEs)
11.2. Reimbursement in the U.S. for CAR-T Therapy
- 11.2.1. Policy Changes for FY 2024
11.3. Cost of CAR-T Therapies in Europe
- 11.3.1. Cost Components and Resource Use
- 11.3.2. Average Total Component Costs for CAR-T Therapy in Former EU-5 and NL
- 11.3.3. Reimbursement for CAR-T Therapies in Europe
- 11.3.4. Innovative Reimbursement Schemes in Europe
11.4. Cost & Reimbursement for CAR-T Therapy in Asia
- 11.4.1. Cost & Reimbursement for CAR-T in Japan
- 11.4.2. Cost & Reimbursement for CAR-T Therapy in South Korea
- 11.4.3. Cost & Reimbursement for CAR-T Therapy in Malaysia
- 11.4.4. Cost & Reimbursement for CAR-T Therapy in Singapore
- 11.4.5. Cost & Reimbursement for CAR-T Therapy in China
- 11.4.6. Cost of CAR-T Therapy in India

12. BLOOD CANCERS ADDRESSED BY CAR-T

12.1. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
- 12.1.1. Available Therapies
12.2. Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL)
- 12.2.1. Available Therapies
12.3. Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL)
- 12.3.1. Available Therapies
12.4. Multiple Myeloma (MM)
- 12.4.1. Available Therapies
12.5. Follicular Lymphoma
- 12.5.1. Available Therapies
12.6. The Staggering Cost of Blood Cancer Therapies

13. MARKET ANALYSIS

13.1. Uptake of CAR-T Cell Therapy, 2017-2023
- 13.1.1. Current Global Market for CAR-T Cell Therapy by Product
13.2. Estimated Global Market for CAR-T Cell Therapy Products, 2024-2032
- 13.2.1. Global Market for CAR-T Therapy by Geography
- 13.2.2. Global Market for CAR-T Therapy by Indication
13.3. Challenges & Opportunities for CAR-T Therapies in Blood Cancers
- 13.3.1. Barriers to Access
- 13.3.2. Targets other than CD19
- 13.3.3. Resistance for CAR-T Therapy
- 13.3.4. Manufacturing Time
- 13.3.5. Autologous vs. Allogeneic CAR-Ts

14. CAR-T COMPNIES: AN OVERVIEW

14.1 2seventy bio
- 14.1.1. Abecma (idecabtagene vicleucel)
14.2. Abintus Bio, Inc.
14.3. AffyImmune Therapeutics, Inc.
- 14.3.1. Affinity-Tuned CARs
  - 14.3.1.1. ICAM-1: AffyImmune's Target Antigen
  - 14.3.1.2. Targeted Indication
14.4. Aleta BioTherapeutics
- 14.4.1. Aleta's CAR-T Engager Pipeline
14.5. Allogene Therapeutics
- 14.5.1. AlloCAR-T
  - 14.5.1.1. Manufacturing of AlloCAR-T
14.6. Anixa Biosciences, Inc.
14.7. Arbele, Ltd.
- 14.7.1. Advanced Cell Therapy
14.8. Arcellx
- 14.8.1. D-Domain Technology
- 14.8.2. ddCAR Platform
- 14.8.3. ARC-SparX Platform
14.9. Atara Biotherapeutics
- 14.9.1. Technology
- 14.9.2. Allogeneic CAR-T Programs
14.10. Aurora BioPharma
- 14.10.1. HER2 Platform
14.11. Autolus Therapeutics plc
- 14.11.1. Technology
- 14.11.2. CAR-T Cell Production
- 14.11.3. Manufacturing
- 14.11.4. Therapies in Development
  - 14.11.4.1. obe-cel
14.12. AvenCell Europe GmbH
- 14.12.1. Universal Switchable CAR
- 14.12.2. Allogeneic Platform
- 14.12.3. Clinical & Preclinical Pipeline Overview
14.13. Beam Therapeutics, Inc.
- 14.13.1. BEAM-201
14.14. Bellicum Pharmaceuticals
- 14.14.1. GoCAR Technology
- 14.14.2. CaspaCIDe Safety Switch
14.15. BioNTech
- 14.15.1. BioNTech's Engineered Cell Therapies
- 14.15.2. BN211
- 14.15.3. BN212
14.16. Biosceptre
- 14.16.1. Biosceptre's Unique Target nf2X7
- 14.16.2. BRiDGECAR Program
14.17. Bluebird bio
- 14.17.1. Blebird bio's CAR-T Collaborations
- 14.17.2. Collaboration with BMS
- 14.17.3. Collaboration with TC BioPharm
- 14.17.4. Collaboration with Inhibrx
- 14.17.5. Collaboration with PsiOxus
14.18. Bristol Myers Squibb/Celgene Corporation
- 14.18.1. Products
  - 14.18.1.1. Abecma (idecabtagene vicleucel)
  - 14.18.1.2. Breyanzi (lisocabtagene maraleucel)
14.19. Cabaletta Bio
- 14.19.1. CABA Platform
- 14.19.2. Cabaletta's Pipeline
14.20. Carina Biotech
14.21. CARsgen Therapeutics
- 14.21.1. CycloCAR-T
- 14.21.2. THANK-uCAR
- 14.21.3. LADAR
14.22. Cartesian Therapeutics
- 14.22.1. mRNA CAR-T Cell Program (RNA Armory)
- 14.22.2. Pipeline
14.23. CARTherics Pty Ltd.
- 14.23.1. Autologous CAR-T Cells
14.24. CASI Pharmaceuticals
- 14.24.1. Yuanruida (inaticabtagene autoleucel; CNCT19)
14.25. Cellectis
- 14.25.1. TAL nucleases, or TALEN
- 14.25.2. Gene Editing
- 14.25.3. PulseAgile Technology
- 14.25.4. Main Product Candidates
14.26. Celularity, Inc.
- 14.26.1. P CAR-T
14.27. Celyad Oncology
- 14.27.1. NKG2D-Based CAR-T Cells
- 14.27.2. Multispecific CAR
- 14.27.3. Short Hairpin RNA-based Platform
- 14.27.4. CAR-T Therapy Development Services
- 14.27.5. Biomarker Identification and Selection
- 14.27.6. scFv Generation
- 14.27.7. CAR-T Gene Packaging and Delivery
- 14.27.8. Virus Testing Service
- 14.27.9. CAR Cell in vitro Assay Service
- 14.27.10. CAR-T Preclinical in vivo Assay
- 14.27.11. IND Development for CAR-T Cell Therapy
- 14.27.12. GMP Production for CAR-T Products
- 14.27.13. CAR-T Clinical Trial Services
14.28. CRISPR Therapeutics
- 14.28.1. CRISPR Therapeutics' Immuno-Oncology Programs
- 14.28.2. CRISPR/Cas9-enabled Allogeneic CAR-T Design
14.29. Curocell, Inc.
- 14.29.1. OVIS Technology
14.30. DiaCarta
- 14.30.1. Personalized CAR-T Immunotherapy Platform
14.31. Elicera Therapeutics AB
- 14.31.1. iTANK CAR-T Technology
- 14.31.2. Elicera's Product Pipeline
14.32. EXUMA Biotech
- 14.32.1. TMR CAR-T Technology
- 14.32.2. CCT3 CAR-T
- 14.32.3. rPOC SC CAR-TaNKs
- 14.32.4. GCAR "in vivo Cell Therapy"
14.33. Fate Therapeutics
- 14.33.1. FT819
- 14.33.2. FT825
14.34. Galapagos NV
14.35. Gilead Sciences, Inc.
- 14.35.1. CAR-T Products
  - 14.35.1.1. Tecartus (brexucabtagene autoleucel)
  - 14.34.1.2. Yescarta (axicabtagene ciloleucel)
14.36. Gracell Biotechnologies
- 14.36.1. FasTCAR
- 14.36.2. TruUCAR
- 14.36.3. SMART CAR-T
- 14.36.4. Gracell's Product Pipeline
14.37. IASO Biotherapeutics
- 14.37.1. Technology Platforms
- 14.37.2. Fully Human Antibody Discovery Platform
- 14.37.3. High-Throughput Screening Platform for CAR-T Candidates
- 14.37.4. Universal CAR-T Technology Platform
- 14.37.5. CAR-T Manufacturing Technology Platform
- 14.37.6. IASO's Diverse Product Pipeline
14.38. ImmPACT Bio
- 14.38.1. CD19/20 Bispecific CAR
- 14.38.2. TGF-Beta
14.39. Immuneel Therapeutics, Pvt., Ltd.
- 14.39.1. Immuneel's R&D Roadmap
14.40. ImmunoACT
- 14.40.1. NexCAR19 (Actalycabtagene autoleucel)
14.41. Interius BioTherapeutics
- 14.41.1. Core Technology
14.42. Juventas Cell Therapy
- 14.42.1. Yuanruida (inaticabtagene autoleucel)
14.43. JW Therapeutics
- 14.43.1. Carteyva (relmacabtagene autoleucel; relma-cel)
14.44. Kite Pharma (Gilead)
- 14.44.1. Kite's Marketed CAR-T Products
  - 14.44.1.1. Yescarta (axicabtagene ciloleucel)
  - 14.44.1.2. Tecartus (brexucabtagene autoleucel)
- 14.44.2. Kite's Pipeline Cancer Therapies
14.45. Kyverna Therapeutics
- 14.45.1. Kyverna's CAR-T Therapy for Autoimmune Diseases
14.46. Legend Biotech
- 14.46.1. Technology Platforms
  - 14.46.1.1. CAR-T
  - 14.46.1.2. CAR-Gamma-Delta- T
  - 14.46.1.3. CAR-NK
  - 14.46.1.4. Non-Gene-Editing Universal CAR-T
- 14.46.2. Product Pipeline
14.47. Leucid Bio
- 14.47.1. Leucid's Lateral CAR-Platform
- 14.47.2. LEU011 - NKG2D CAR-T Cell Therapy
- 14.47.3. T2, Gamma-Delta- T-Cells for Off-The-Shelf Therapy
- 14.47.4. T4 Immunotherapy
- 14.47.5. Novel Manufacturing Platform
14.48. Luminary Therapeutics, Inc.
- 14.48.1. Allogeneic Gamma 2.0+ Platform
- 14.48.2. Non-Viral Gene Modification Process
- 14.48.3. Split Co-Stim Dual CAR
- 14.48.4. Ligand-Based CAR to Target Three Antigens
- 14.48.5. Product Pipeline
14.49. Lyell Immunopharma, Inc.
- 14.49.1. Technology
  - 14.49.1.1. Gen-R Technology
  - 14.49.1.2. Epi-R Technology
- 14.49.2. Lyell's Product Pipeline
14.50. March Biosciences
- 14.50.1. MB-105
- 14.50.2. March Biosciences' Pipeline
14.51. MaxCyte, Inc.
- 14.51.1. Technology: Flow Electroporation
- 14.51.2. MaxCyte's Electroporation Systems
  - 14.51.2.1. ATx
  - 14.51.2.2. GTx
  - 14.51.2.3. STx
  - 14.51.2.4. VLx
14.52. Minerva Biotechnologies Corporation
- 14.52.1. CAR-T (huMNC2-CAR44)
14.53. Mustang Bio
- 14.53.1. Mustang's CAR-T Focus
14.54. Noile-Immune Biotech
- 14.54.1. PRIME CAR-T
14.55. Novartis AG
- 14.55.1. The Pioneer in CAR-T
- 14.55.2. Kymriah (tisagenlecleucel)
- 14.55.3. T-Charge Platform
  - 14.55.3.1. Phase I YTB323 Clinical Study
  - 14.55.3.2. Phase I PHE 885 Clinical Study
14.56. Oncternal Therapeutics
- 14.56.1. ONCT-808
14.57. Oxford Biomedica plc
- 14.57.1. LentiVector Platform
- 14.57.2. inAAVate Platform
- 14.57.3. CDMO Services
14.58. PeproMene Bio, Inc.
- 14.58.1. BAFFR CAR-T Cells
14.59. Poseida Therapeutics, Inc.
- 14.59.1. Poseida's Genetic Engineering Platforms
- 14.59.2. PiggyBac Platform for Insertion
- 14.59.3. Cas-CLOVER Platform for Editing
- 14.59.4. Poseida's CAR-T Product Candidates
14.60. Precigen, Inc.
- 14.60.1. UltraCAR-T
- 14.60.2. Sleeping Beauty System
- 14.60.3. UltraPorator System
- 14.60.4. Product Pipeline
14.61. Prescient Therapeutics
- 14.61.1. OmniCAR
- 14.61.2. CellPryme
14.62. ProMab Biotechnologies, Inc.
- 14.62.1. ProMab's CAR-T Cells
- 14.62.2. ProMab's Services
- 14.62.3. ProMab's Preclinical and Clinical Study Services
14.63. SOTIO Biotech BV
- 14.63.1. BOXR Technology
- 14.63.2. BOXR1030
14.64. Syngene International, Ltd.
- 14.64.1. CAR-T Services
14.65. Synthekine
- 14.65.1. STK-009 + SYNCAR-001
14.66. TC BioPharm
- 14.66.1. Gamma Delta T Cells
- 14.66.2. Cell Banks
- 14.66.3. Co-Stim CAR-T
- 14.66.4. Product Pipeline
  - 14.66.4.1. OmnImmune
- 14.66.5. CAR-T Programs
14.67. T-CURX
- 14.67.1. Technologies
14.68. Umoja Biopharma
- 14.68.1. Umoja's Technology Platforms
  - 14.68.1.1. VivoVec in vivo Gene Delivery
  - 14.68.1.2. RACR-Induced Cytotoxic Lymphocytes (iCIL)
  - 14.68.1.3. RACR/CAR: in vivo Cell Programming
  - 14.68.1.4. TumorTag: Universal CAR Tumor Targeting
14.69. ViTToria Biotherapeutics
- 14.69.1. Senza5
- 14.69.2. VIPER-101
14.70. Vor Biopharma
- 14.70.1. Vor Biopharma's Approach
14.71. Wugen
14.72. WuXi Advanced Therapies
- 14.72.1. WuXi's Closed Process CAR-T manufacturing
14.73. Xenetic Biosciences
- 14.73.1. DNase-based Oncology Platform
14.74. Xyphos Biosciences, Inc.
- 14.74.1. ACCEL & UDC Technology
- 14.74.2. convertibleCAR
- 14.74.3. Universal Donor Cells

INDEX OF FIGURES

FIGURE 2.1: The Basic Structure of a T cell
FIGURE 2.2: Binding of a T cell on to an Infected Cell
FIGURE 2.3: Components of a CAR-T cell
FIGURE 2.4: The Three Domains of a CAR
FIGURE 2.5: The first Generation CARs
FIGURE 2.6: Second Generation CARs
FIGURE 2.7: Third Generation CARs
FIGURE 2.8: Fourth Generation CARs
FIGURE 2.9: Fifth Generation CARs
FIGURE 2.10: CAR Constructs in the FDA Approved CAR-T Cell Products
FIGURE 2.11: Antigens Present on Normal and Cancer Cells
FIGURE 2.12: Preparation and Administration of CAR-T cell Therapy
FIGURE 2.13: Kymriah in Infusion Bag
FIGURE 2.14: Yescarta in Infusion Bag
FIGURE 2.15: Tecartus in Infusion Bag
FIGURE 2.16: Carvykti in Infusion Bag
FIGURE 2.17: Abecma in the Infusion Bag
FIGURE 2.18: Breyanzi in Package
FIGURE 2.19: Relma-cel Infusion Bag
FIGURE 3.1: Switchable CARs [sCARs; Universal CARs]
FIGURE 3.2: Action of Suicide Genes
FIGURE 3.3: Graphical Abstract for Transient Transfection
FIGURE 3.4: A Model of Armored CAR
FIGURE 4.1: The Five Generations of CARs
FIGURE 5.1: Manufacturing Process of Clinical-Scale Autologous CAR-T Therapies
FIGURE 5.2: G-Rex Bioreactors
FIGURE 5.3: CliniMACS Prodigy
FIGURE 5.4: Scaling Up of Allogeneic CAR-T Cells
FIGURE 5.5: Operating Expenses for Autologous CAR-T Manufacturing
FIGURE 5.6: Operating Expenses in Allogeneic CAR-T Manufacturing
FIGURE 6.1: CAR-T Target Antigens Evaluated in Clinical Trials
FIGURE 8.1: CAR-T Clinical Trials by Phase of Study, March 2024
FIGURE 8.2: Types of Hematological Malignancies Addressed in Clinical Trials
FIGURE 8.3: Studies for Simultaneous Targets by One CAR-T
FIGURE 8.4: CAR-T Generation Types used in Clinical Trials
FIGURE 8.5: Distribution of CAR-T Trials by Type of SeFv Used
FIGURE 8.6: Distribution of CAR-T Trials by Type of Vectors Used
FIGURE 8.7: Solid Tumor Types in Clinical Trials, March 2024
FIGURE 8.8: Liquid Cancers vs. Solid Cancers in CAR-T Clinical Trials
FIGURE 9.1: Number of Published CAR-T Papers on PubMed.gov, 2000-March 2024
FIGURE 9.2: PubMed Papers on Autologous vs. Allogeneic CAR-T Therapies, 2000-2024
FIGURE 9.3: PubMed Papers on CAR-T for Liquid vs. Solid Cancers, 2013-March 2024
FIGURE 9.4: PubMed Papers on the Five Generation of CARs
FIGURE 10.1: Venture Capital Funding for CAR-T Companies by Year, 2014-March 2024
FIGURE 10.2: IPO Invested in CAR-T Companies, 2014-March 2024
FIGURE 13.1: Uptake of U.S.FDA-Approved CAR-Ts, 2017-2023
FIGURE 13.2: Revenue Generation by CAR-T Therapy by Product, 2017-2023
FIGURE 13.3: Estimated Modest Growth of CAR-T Market by Product, 2023-2032
FIGURE 13.4: Global Market for CAR-T Products by Geography, 2023-2032
FIGURE 13.5: Global Market for CAR-T Therapies by Indication, 2024-2032
FIGURE 14.1: Atara's Approach to Allogeneic Cell Therapy
FIGURE 14.2: Illustration of CycloCAR-T
FIGURE 14.3: Illustration of THANK-uCAR-T
FIGURE 14.5: Schematic of Allogeneic P CAR-T with TCR KO
FIGURE 14.6: NKG2D-based CAR
FIGURE 14.7: Celyad's Multispecific CAR
FIGURE 14.8: CRISPR/Cas9-enabled Allogeneic CAR-T Design
FIGURE 14.9: FT819
FIGURE 14.10: FT825
FIGURE 14.11: FasTCAR vs. Conventional CAR-T Manufacturing Time
FIGURE 14.12: Action of TruUCAR
FIGURE 14.13: SMART CAR-T
FIGURE 14.14: CD19/CD20 CAR-T Technology
FIGURE 14.15: TGF-Beta- Bispecific CAR Technology
FIGURE 14.16: Lateral CAR
FIGURE 14.17: T4 T-Cell
FIGURE 14.18: Split Co-Stim Dual CAR
FIGURE 14.19: Ligand-Based CAR to Target Three Antigens
FIGURE 14.20: Natural Killing of CAR-T Cells
FIGURE 14.21: ATx
FIGURE 14.22: GTx
FIGURE 14.23: STx
FIGURE 14.24: VLx
FIGURE 14.25: Features of PRIME CAR-T Cell Therapy
FIGURE 14.26: BAFFR CAR-T Cells
FIGURE 14.27: Poseida's PiggyBac Platform for Insertion
FIGURE 14.28: Poseida's Cas-CLOVER Platform for Editing
FIGURE 14.29: UltraCAR-T Cell
FIGURE 14.30: Precigen's Ultraporator System
FIGURE 14.31: Prescient's OmniCAR
FIGURE 14.32: VIPER-101, the Lead Program of ViTToria
FIGURE 14.33: WuXi's Closed Process CAR-T Platform
FIGURE 14.34: Convertible CAR Parts
FIGURE 14.35: Xyphos' Universal Donor Cells

INDEX OF TABLES

TABLE 2.1: Potential CAR-T Targeted Antigens Present on Hematological Malignant Cells
TABLE 2.2: Key Differences between the Available Vectors
TABLE 2.3: The 11 CAR-T Cell Therapies Available in the Global Market
TABLE 2.4: Common Toxicities Associated with CAR-T Treatment
TABLE 3.1: Strategies for Future CAR-T Therapies
TABLE 3.2: A Sample of CAR-T Studies on Solid Tumors
TABLE 3.3: New Target Antigens and New Target Cancers
TABLE 3.4: A sample of Allogeneic CAR-T Studies
TABLE 4.1: History of Development of CAR-T Cell Therapy
TABLE 4.2: Approved CAR-T Products, their Developers and Indications
TABLE 4.3: Upcoming CAR-T Stars
TABLE 4.4: Cancer Population Addresses by CAR-T Therapy
TABLE 6.1: CAR-T Target Antigens in Hematological Cancers
TABLE 6.2: Targeted Antigens involved in the Approved CAR-Ts
TABLE 7.1: Geographical Distribution of CAR-T Patents, March 2024
TABLE 7.2: Top Ten Applicants for CAR-T Patents, March 2024
TABLE 7.3: Top Ten Inventors of CAR-T Patents, March 2024
TABLE 7.4: Top Ten Owners of CAR-T Patents, March 2024
TABLE 7.5: Legal Status of CAR-T Patent Applications, March 2024
TABLE 8.1: CAR-T Clinical Trials by Country, March 2024
TABLE 8.2: Number of CAR-T Clinical Trials by Funding Type, March 2024
TABLE 8.3: Clinical Trials Focusing on Solid Tumors by Country, March 2024
TABLE 8.4: CAR-T Solid Tumor Clinical Trials by Phase of Study, March 2024
TABLE 8.5: Funding Types in CAR-T Solid Tumor Clinical Trials, March 2024
TABLE 8.6: Percent Biomarker Distribution in CAR-T Clinical Trials
TABLE 8.7: CAR-T Targeted Indications in the U.S. Clinical Trials
TABLE 8.8: Indications Addressed by CAR-T Clinical Trials in China
TABLE 8.9: CAR-T Clinical Trial Sponsor Companies and Institutions in the U.S.
TABLE 8.10: CAR-T Clinical Trial Sponsor Companies and Institutions in China
TABLE 8.11: CAR-T Clinical Trial Sponsor Companies and Institutions in Other Countries
TABLE 8.12: Clinical Trials of 4th, 5th gen. and Gene Edited CAR-Ts
TABLE 9.1: NIH Funding for CAR-T Research, 2024
TABLE 10.1: CAR-T Venture Capital Funding, 2014-March 2024
TABLE 10.2: IPO Invested in CAR-T Companies, 2014-March 2024
TABLE 10.3: CAR-T Licensing Deals, 2015-March 2024
TABLE 10.4: CAR-T Collaboration Deals Signed between 2013 and March 2024
TABLE 10.5: CAR-T Merger and Acquisition (M&A) Deals, 2015-March 2024
TABLE 10.6: Overview of CAR-T Funding, 2014-March 2024
TABLE 11.1: List Prices of CAR-T Cells
TABLE 11.2: Pre-, Peri-, and Post Infusion Unit Costs
TABLE 11.3: Adverse Events Rates and Unit Costs of Management
TABLE 11.4: Reimbursement for CAR-T Cases, FY 2023 vs. FY 2024
TABLE 11.5: Cost of CAR-T cell Products in the EU Countries
TABLE 11.6: Cost Components and Resource Use of Pre- and Post- CAR-T Cell Therapy
TABLE 11.7: Average Total Costs Pre- and Post- CAR-T Treatment in Former EU 5 and NL
TABLE 11.8: CAR-T Reimbursement Schemes in Europe
TABLE 12.1: FDA-Approved Therapies for R/R ALL Pediatric and Young Adult Patients
TABLE 12.2: FDA Approved Therapies for DLBCL
TABLE 12.3: FDA Approved Therapies for MCL
TABLE 12.4: FDA Approved Drugs for Multiple Myeloma
TABLE 12.5: FDA-Approved Drugs for Follicular Lymphoma
TABLE 12.6: Cost of Treating Blood Cancers
TABLE 13.1: Uptake of U.S. FDA-Approved CAR-Ts, 2017-2023
TABLE 13.2: Revenue Generation by CAR-T Therapy by Product, 2017-2023
TABLE 13.3: Estimated Modest Growth of CAR-T Cell Market by Product, 2023-2032
TABLE 13.4: Global Market for CAR-T Products by Geography, 2023-2032
TABLE 13.5: Global Market for CAR-T Therapies by Indication, 2024-2032
TABLE 14.1: AffyImmune's Affinity-Tuned Pipeline Products
TABLE 14.2: Aleta's CAR-T Engager Pipeline
TABLE 14.3: Allogene's AlloCAR-T Pipeline
TABLE 14.4: Anixa's CAR-T Pipeline
TABLE 14.5: Arbele's Advanced Cell Therapy Product Candidates
TABLE 14.6: ArcellX's Current Product Pipeline
TABLE 14.7: Atara's Product Pipeline
TABLE 14.8: Autolus' Therapies in Development
TABLE 14.9: Clinical & Preclinical Pipeline Overview
TABLE 14.10: Bellicum's Pipeline
TABLE 14.11: BRiDGECAR Program
TABLE 14.12: Cabaletta's Autoimmune Therapy Candidates in Development
TABLE 14.13: Carina's Clinical Programs
TABLE 14.14: CARsgen's Product Pipeline
TABLE 14.15: Cartesian's Product Pipeline
TABLE 14.16: Cellectis' Allogeneic CAR-T Cell Product Pipeline
TABLE 14.17: CRISPR Therapeutics' CAR-T Programs
TABLE 14.18: Elicera's Product Pipeline
TABLE 14.19: EXUMA's Pipeline Assets
TABLE 14.20: Galapagos' Oncology CAR-T Pipeline
TABLE 14.21: Gracell's Rich Product Pipeline
TABLE 14.22: IASO's Diverse Product Pipeline
TABLE 14.23: ImmPACT Bio's Product Pipeline
TABLE 14.24: Immuneels Product Pipeline
TABLE 14.25: JW Therapeutics' Product Pipeline
TABLE 14.26: Kite's Pipeline Cancer Therapies
TABLE 14.27: Product Pipeline to address Autoimmune Diseases
TABLE 14.28: Legend Biotech's Product Pipeline
TABLE 14.29: Leucid's Product Pipeline
TABLE 14.30: Luminary's Product Pipeline
TABLE 14.31: Lyell's Product Pipeline
TABLE 14.32: March Biosciences' Product Pipeline
TABLE 14.33: A Comparison Guide for MaxCyte's Electroporation Systems
TABLE 14.34: Minerva's CAR-T Pipeline Products for Solid Tumors
TABLE 14.35: Mustang's CAR-T Product Candidates
TABLE 14.36: Noile-Immune's PRIME-Based Product Pipeline
TABLE 14.37: Oxford Biomedica's CDMO Services
TABLE 14.38: PeproMene's Product Pipeline
TABLE 14.39: Poseida's CAR-T Product Pipeline
TABLE 14.40: Precigen's UltraCAR-T Pipeline
TABLE 14.41: Prescient's CAR-T Pruct Pipeline
TABLE 14.42: ProMabs CAR-T Cells
TABLE 14.43: ProMab's Discovery Services Plans & Prices
TABLE 14.44: Synthekine's Pipeline with SYNCAR-001 + STK-009
TABLE 14.45: T-CURX' Product Candidates in Clinical Trials
TABLE 14.46: Umoja's Product Pipeline
TABLE 14.47: Vor Biopharma's Current Product Pipeline
TABLE 14.48: Wugen's Product Pipeline
TABLE 14.49: Xenetic's CAR-T Product Pipeline