Smart Cities: Connected Public Spaces - 3rd Edition

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

List of Figures

Executive Summary

1. Introduction

• 1.1. The global trend of urbanisation
• 1.2. Smart cities and connected public spaces
  • 1.2.1. Smart city architecture
  • 1.2.2. The management of public spaces
• 1.3. IoT network technologies
  • 1.3.1. Network architectures
  • 1.3.2. Unlicensed and licensed frequency bands
  • 1.3.3. The role of wired and wireless networks for connected public spaces
• 1.4. Wireless IoT communications technologies
• 1.4.1 3GPP cellular technologies
• 1.4.2 3GPP-based LPWA
  • 1.4.3. Non 3GPP-based LPWA
  • 1.4.4. Other RF & IEEE 802.15.4

2. Smart Street Lighting

• 2.1. The transition to LED and adaptive lighting
• 2.2. Smart street lighting
  • 2.2.1. Smart street lighting infrastructure
• 2.3. Market analysis
  • 2.3.1. Market forecasts
  • 2.3.2. Industry analysis
  • 2.3.3. A new era of competition within smart street lighting
  • 2.3.4. Additional market developments and observations
• 2.4. Company profiles
  • 2.4.1. Acuity Brands
  • 2.4.2. CityLight.net
  • 2.4.3. Current Lighting
  • 2.4.4. Dimonoff
  • 2.4.5. Dhyan
  • 2.4.6. Flashnet (Lucy Group)
  • 2.4.7. Fonda Technology
  • 2.4.8. Itron
  • 2.4.9. LACROIX
  • 2.4.10. LED Roadway Lighting
  • 2.4.11. Lucy Zodion (Lucy Group)
  • 2.4.12. Quantela
  • 2.4.13. Revetec
  • 2.4.14. Rongwen Energy Technology Group
  • 2.4.15. Schreder
  • 2.4.16. Sensus (Xylem)
  • 2.4.17. Signify
  • 2.4.18. SSE
  • 2.4.19. ST Engineering Telematics Wireless
  • 2.4.20. TVILIGHT
  • 2.4.21. TerraGo
  • 2.4.22. Ubicquia
  • 2.4.23. Umpi
  • 2.4.24. Domestic Chinese vendors

3. Smart Parking

• 3.1. Urban traffic and parking
  • 3.1.1. Passenger cars in use by region
  • 3.1.2. Traffic congestion and parking inefficiencies
  • 3.1.3. Types of parking and asset ownership
• 3.2. Smart parking
  • 3.2.1. Smart parking infrastructure
• 3.3. Parking space occupancy monitoring
  • 3.3.1. Global occupancy level monitoring
  • 3.3.2. Single space occupancy detection
• 3.4. Market analysis
  • 3.4.1. Market forecasts
  • 3.4.2. Industry analysis
  • 3.4.3. The threat from camera-based solutions looms large
  • 3.4.4. Market consolidation predicted in the near-to-mid term
  • 3.4.5. Additional market developments and observations
• 3.5. Company profiles
  • 3.5.1. CivicSmart
  • 3.5.2. CommuniThings
  • 3.5.3. eleven-x
  • 3.5.4. Fangle Technology
  • 3.5.5. Fleximodo (GOSPACE LABS)
  • 3.5.6. Frogparking
  • 3.5.7. Fybr
  • 3.5.8. Intelliport
  • 3.5.9. Intercomp
  • 3.5.10. IoT Solutions Malta
  • 3.5.11. MinebeaMitsumi & Paradox Engineering
  • 3.5.12. Movebroad Technology
  • 3.5.13. Nedap
  • 3.5.14. Nietzsche Enterprise (NHR)
  • 3.5.15. Nwave Technologies
  • 3.5.16. ParkHelp Technologies
  • 3.5.17. PNI
  • 3.5.18. SICK Mobilisis
  • 3.5.19. Smart City System
  • 3.5.20. Smart Parking
  • 3.5.21. Urbiotica

4. Smart Waste Collection

• 4.1. Global waste generation and management
• 4.2. Smart waste sensors
  • 4.2.1. Smart waste collection infrastructure
• 4.3. Market analysis
  • 4.3.1. Market forecasts
  • 4.3.2. Industry analysis
  • 4.3.3. LPWA has improved the business case for smart sensors
  • 4.3.4. Additional market developments and observations
• 4.4. Company profiles
  • 4.4.1. BH Technologies
  • 4.4.2. Bigbelly
  • 4.4.3. Bintel
  • 4.4.4. Dingtek Technology
  • 4.4.5. Ecube Labs
  • 4.4.6. EMZ-Environmental Technology
  • 4.4.7. Evreka
  • 4.4.8. KS Technologies
  • 4.4.9. Milesight
  • 4.4.10. Mr. Fill
  • 4.4.11. Nordsense
  • 4.4.12. REEN
  • 4.4.13. RoadRunner
  • 4.4.14. Recycle Track Systems
  • 4.4.15. Sayme
  • 4.4.16. Sensoneo
  • 4.4.17. Sigrenea (SUEZ)
  • 4.4.18. SLOC
  • 4.4.19. SmartEnds
  • 4.4.20. Superfy
  • 4.4.21. TST Sistemas
  • 4.4.22. Waste Vision
  • 4.4.23. Waste Harmonics (Keter Environmental Services)
  • 4.4.24. Wellness TechGroup

5. Urban Air Quality Monitoring

• 5.1. Ambient air pollution
  • 5.1.1. Types of ambient air pollution
  • 5.1.2. The measurement and communication of ambient air quality
• 5.2. Ambient air quality monitoring technologies
  • 5.2.1. Ambient air quality monitoring applications
• 5.3. Ambient air quality monitoring in smart cities
• 5.4. Market analysis
  • 5.4.1. Market forecasts
  • 5.4.2. Industry analysis
  • 5.4.3. Important advancements in quality assurance are underway
  • 5.4.4. Additional market developments and observations
• 5.5. Company profiles
  • 5.5.1. Aclima
  • 5.5.2. Aeroqual
  • 5.5.3. Airly
  • 5.5.4. Aurassure (DATOMS)
  • 5.5.5. Breeze Technologies
  • 5.5.6. Clarity Movement
  • 5.5.7. EarthSense Systems
  • 5.5.8. Ecomesure
  • 5.5.9. eLichens
  • 5.5.10. Enginko
  • 5.5.11. Envea
  • 5.5.12. Environmental Instruments
  • 5.5.13. Kunak Technologies
  • 5.5.14. Libelium
  • 5.5.15. Lunar Outpost
  • 5.5.16. MagnaSCI
  • 5.5.17. Met One Instruments (Acoem)
  • 5.5.18. Oizom
  • 5.5.19. Palas
  • 5.5.20. PurpleAir
  • 5.5.21. Sailhero Environmental Protection High-Tech
  • 5.5.22. Vaisala
  • 5.5.23. Vortex

6. Smart City Surveillance

• 6.1. Issues of public safety
  • 6.1.1. Criminal activities and terrorist threats
• 6.2. Smart City Surveillance
  • 6.2.1. Fixed video surveillance infrastructure
  • 6.2.2. Body-worn cameras (BWCs) for law enforcement
  • 6.2.3. Gunshot detection and localisation system
• 6.3. Market analysis
  • 6.3.1. Market forecasts
  • 6.3.2. Industry analysis
  • 6.3.3. Western vendors turn to new strategies to mitigate the Chinese AI advantage
  • 6.3.4. Hybrid and cloud-based solutions are picking up speed
  • 6.3.5. The impact of 5G technology on networked surveillance
• 6.4. Company profiles
  • 6.4.1. Axis Communications (Canon)
  • 6.4.2. Dahua Technology
  • 6.4.3. Hanwha Vision
  • 6.4.4. Hikvision
  • 6.4.5. Honeywell
  • 6.4.6. Infinova
  • 6.4.7. Motorola Solutions
  • 6.4.8. IDIS
  • 6.4.9. i-PRO
  • 6.4.10. Tiandy Technologies
  • 6.4.11. Uniview Technologies
  • 6.4.12. Vivotek
  • 6.4.13. Axon
  • 6.4.14. Digital Ally
  • 6.4.15. Shenzhen Jingyi (Pe)
  • 6.4.16. Reveal Media
  • 6.4.17. Utility Associates
  • 6.4.18. WCCTV
  • 6.4.19. Zepcam
  • 6.4.20. Flock Safety
  • 6.4.21. SoundThinking
• List of Acronyms and Abbreviations

List of Figures

• Figure 1.1: Urban population, % of total (World 1960-2022)
• Figure 1.2: Number of major cities worldwide
• Figure 1.3: Countries with the largest number of major cities (World 2018)
• Figure 1.4: Unlicensed and reserved radio frequencies available for wireless IoT
• Figure 1.5: Number of LTE-M and NB-IoT networks (World 2018-2022)
• Figure 1.6: Sigfox network operators by country
• Figure 2.1: Dimmable luminaire with external LCU
• Figure 2.2: Members of the TALQ Consortium
• Figure 2.3: Smart street lighting LCU shipments and installed base (World 2023-2028)
• Figure 2.4: Installed base by communications technology (World 2023-2028)
• Figure 2.5: Top-10 smart street lighting LCU vendors (World excluding China 2023)
• Figure 2.6: Vendor market shares (World excluding China 2023)
• Figure 2.7: C-Node Zhaga IoT
• Figure 2.8: Dimonoff communications infrastructure
• Figure 2.9: Flashnet inteliLIGHT Zhaga and NEMA socket LCUs
• Figure 2.10: Streetlight.Vision Dashboard
• Figure 2.11: LED Roadway Lighting Tool-less Sensor Platform
• Figure 2.12: The Lucy Zodion Ki. Node One LCU
• Figure 2.13: Schreder Mesh & Datalift nodes
• Figure 2.14: SHUFFLE Mobility
• Figure 2.15: The functionalities of Interact City
• Figure 2.16: Signify's outdoor multi-sensor
• Figure 2.17: UNB Control Node
• Figure 2.18: TerraGo product architecture
• Figure 2.19: UbiMetro
• Figure 3.1: Car parc by region (World 2015-2021)
• Figure 3.2: Passenger car density per 1,000 inhabitants (EU27+UK 2021)
• Figure 3.3: Time lost in traffic congestion per capita (World excluding Asia 2022)
• Figure 3.4: Time and costs associated with the search for parking (US 2017)
• Figure 3.5: In-ground and surface-mount parking occupancy detection sensors
• Figure 3.6: Smart ground parking sensor comparison
• Figure 3.7: Smart parking sensor shipments and installed base (World 2023-2028)
• Figure 3.8: Installed base by communications technology (World 2023-2028)
• Figure 3.9: Top-10 smart ground parking sensor vendors (World excluding China 2023)
• Figure 3.10: Vendor market shares (World excluding China 2023)
• Figure 3.11: eleven-x surface-mount and in-ground sensors
• Figure 3.12: Fybr Parking Sensor III & Parking Genius guidance & payment app
• Figure 3.13: Movebroad NB-IoT dual magnetic+radar parking sensor
• Figure 3.14: Nedap SENSIT surface- and flush-mount sensors
• Figure 3.15: PNI PlacePod in-ground and surface-mount sensors
• Figure 3.16: Smart City System surface-mount sensor
• Figure 4.1: Global waste generation statistics (2021)
• Figure 4.2: Examples of smart waste sensors
• Figure 4.3: Ecube Labs' waste management software CleanCityNetworks
• Figure 4.4: Smart waste sensor shipments and installed base (World 2023-2028)
• Figure 4.5: Smart waste sensors by communications technology (World 2023-2028)
• Figure 4.6: Top-12 smart waste sensor technology vendors (World excluding China 2023)
• Figure 4.7: Vendor market shares (World excluding China 2023)
• Figure 4.8: Bigbelly Smart compacting bin
• Figure 4.9: CleanFLEX fill-level sensor and CleanCUBE smart bins
• Figure 4.10: Mr. Fill's smart waste solutions
• Figure 4.11: REEN's smart fill-level sensor
• Figure 4.12: RoadRunner Smart Camera
• Figure 4.13: Pello Smart Camera and Pello Dashboard
• Figure 4.14: Sensoneo analytics dashboard
• Figure 4.15: SLOC Series 300 Waste Bin sensor
• Figure 4.16: S200 Smart Compactors, G2 fill-level sensor & vape/battery containers
• Figure 4.17: iWaste, OnePlus and SmartBin sensor
• Figure 5.1: Million years of healthy life loss by risk factor (World 2019)
• Figure 5.2: Most PM2.5-polluted capitals (World 2022)
• Figure 5.3: Share of regional cities which meet WHO PM2.5 guideline levels
• Figure 5.4: Examples of commercial and consumer air quality monitoring devices
• Figure 5.5: Air quality sensor device shipments and installed base (World 2023-2028)
• Figure 5.6: Air quality sensor devices by communication technology (World 2023-2028)
• Figure 5.7: List of major ambient air quality monitoring solution providers
• Figure 5.8: Recent market entrants, low-cost air quality monitoring
• Figure 5.9: TS 1660-1 - Classifications of gas sensors
• Figure 5.10: Aeroqual AQY-R sensor
• Figure 5.11: Airly PM+GAS and PM sensors
• Figure 5.12: Breeze Technologies outdoor sensor & Environmental Intelligence Cloud
• Figure 5.13: Clarity Node-S
• Figure 5.14: Ecomsmart 2 sensor
• Figure 5.15: eLichens Air cloud platform
• Figure 5.16: Enginko LoRaWAN PM outdoor sensor and Davis LoRaWAN Interface Kit
• Figure 5.17: The Cairnet mini-station for air quality monitoring
• Figure 5.18: AQMesh pod
• Figure 5.19: Kunak AIR Pro
• Figure 5.20: Libelium's SmartSpot and air quality station device
• Figure 5.21: The PurpleAir Classic sensor
• Figure 5.22: Vaisala's AQT air quality monitor
• Figure 5.23: VTX Air sensor
• Figure 6.1: Crime rates per 100,000 inhabitants (US & EU 2018)
• Figure 6.2: Number of deaths from terrorism (World 1995-2018)
• Figure 6.3: Common network surveillance camera types
• Figure 6.4: Body-worn camera with integrated cellular connectivity
• Figure 6.5: Urban gunshot detection sensor system
• Figure 6.6: Smart city surveillance equipment value forecast (World 2023-2028)
• Figure 6.7: Smart city surveillance vendor data (World FY2022/2023)
• Figure 6.8: Mergers and acquisitions among video surveillance vendors
• Figure 6.9: Dahua multi-sensor panoramic/PTZ + AI bullet network cameras
• Figure 6.10: Wisenet SSM video management software
• Figure 6.11: Hikvision AI Cloud
• Figure 6.12: Avigilon H4 Multisensor camera with self-learning video analytics
• Figure 6.13: Axon Body 4
• Figure 6.14: Reveal Media K7
• Figure 6.15: Front and back of the EOS by Utility Camera
• Figure 6.16: Flock Safety Raven gunshot detection sensor